13 research outputs found
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No full textNot AvailableGenetic diversity assessment and population structure analysis are essential for characterization of pathogens and their isolates. Markers are essential tools for exploring genetic variation among the isolates. False smut of rice caused by Ustilaginoidea virens, formerly Villosiclava virens, is a major emerging disease of rice in India. A highlevel of variability is observed at the field level, but no information is available fromIndia on genetic diversity and population structure. This is the first report of genetic diversity and population structure of U. virens from India that included 63 isolates distributed across the vast geographical area of eastern and north-eastern India (18.9 to26.7°N and 82.6 to 94.2°E). Seventeen RAPDs and 14 SSRs were identified as polymorphic and a total of 140 alleles were detected across the populations. The averagenumber of alleles per locus for each primer was 4.5. All the isolates were grouped
into two major clusters, with partial geographical segregation that was supported byprincipal coordinate analysis. Mantel test suggested genetic distance within the isolates increased with increasing geographical distance. Analysis of molecular variation showed more genetic variation within populations and less among populations. Thisoutcome will help in understanding genetic diversity of U. virens from eastern and north-eastern India and in planning effective management strategies.Not Availabl
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No full textNot AvailableRice is one of the important food crops, feeding more than 50% of the global population. The climate change is
adversely affecting the rice production across the rice growing regions. The major challenges posing threat to
the world rice production are various biotic and abiotic stresses. Rice is grown and consumed largely by the
developing countries, and most part of the population in these regions are undernourished with unbalanced
and comparatively low nutritional food. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to develop rice varieties for higher
nutritional value with attributes for better adaptability to various stresses. In the present review, we have
discussed about the different CRISPR/Cas genome editing tools, and their applications for biotic and abiotic
stress tolerance, yield and also for grain and nutritional quality improvement in rice.Not Availabl
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No full textSalt stress limits plant growth and productivity by severely impacting the fundamental physiological processes. Silicon (Si) supplementation is considered one of the promising methods to improve plant resilience under salt stress. Here, the role of Si in modulating physiological and biochemical processes that get adversely affected by high salinity, is discussed. Although numerous reports show the beneficial effects of Si under stress, the precise molecular mechanism underlying this is not well understood. Questions like whether all plants are equally benefitted with Si supplementation despite having varying Si uptake capability and salinity tolerance are still elusive. This review illustrates the Si uptake and accumulation mechanism to understand the direct or indirect participation of Si in different physiological processes. Evaluation of plant responses at transcriptomics and proteomics levels are promising in understanding the role of Si. Integration of physiological understanding with omics scale information highlighted Si supplementation affecting the phytohormonal and antioxidant responses under salinity as a key factor defining improved resilience. Similarly, the crosstalk of Si with lignin and phenolic content under salt stress also seems to be an important phenomenon helping plants to reduce the stress. The present review also addressed various crucial mechanisms by which Si application alleviates salt stress, such as a decrease in oxidative damage, decreased lipid peroxidation, improved photosynthetic ability, and ion homeostasis. Besides, the application and challenges of using Si-nanoparticles have also been addressed. Comprehensive information and discussion provided here will be helpful to better understand the role of Si under salt stress
