51 research outputs found
Distribution of lactate between the corpuscles and the plasma in blood
1. The ratio of the concentration of lactate in the corpuscles to that in the plasma (C/P ratio) is 0.6-0.9 in the blood of resting animals (cat, horse, man). 2. In the blood of fatigued animals (cat, rabbit, man) it is reduced to 0.5-0.6. 3. This change in the C/P ratio is not due to a delay in the diffusion of lactate from the plasma into the corpuscles, nor to the presence, either in the corpuscles or plasma, of some indiffusible substance estimated as lactate. 4. The C/P ratio is raised by (a) increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide; (b) decreased partial pressure of oxygen; (c) increased H-ion concentration These facts lead to the conclusion that a "lactate shift" analogous to the "chloride shift" occurs during each respiratory cycle of the blood, which may become of importance in connexion with the buffering of the blood in conditions of severe oxygen debt. 5. The C/P ratio is reduced by an increased concentration of lactate in the whole blood. 6. The increased lactate content of the blood occurring in conditions of oxygen debt is shown to be more than sufficient to account for the fall observed in the C/P ratio. The discrepancy is at least partly explained by the opposing effects of the simultaneous changes in carbon dioxide and oxygen partial pressures
Comparative studies on the nutritive value of fish and prawn muscle
This article does not have an abstract
A double-blind study to determine the maximum tolerated dose of ethionamide, when administered twice-weekly to patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
ATI earlier report from this Centre (Tuber-culosis Chemotherapy Centre, Madras, 1964) showed that a fully supervised twice-weekly regimen of streptomycin plus high-dosage isoniazid was highly effective in the treatment of patients with newly-diagnosed bacteriologi-cally confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis. How-ever, this regimen involves intramuscular injections of streptomycin and may not always be easy to organize, especially in rural areas and in developing countries with limited resources. For this reason, it was decided to investigate the possibility of replacing strepto-mycin in the twice-weekly regimen by two oral drugs, namely ethionamide and PAS. Ethiona-mide was chosen since, apart from isoniazid and streptomycin, it was the most potent drug available at the time, and PAS was included with a view to enhance the efficacy of the regimen. Finally, it was decided that the patients should be given an intensive phase of daily treatment with streptomycin, PAS and isoniazid for two weeks.
Experiments in the guinea-pig had shown that the size of the individual dose of a drug needed to be increased as the interval between successive doses was increased (Dickinson & Mitchison, 1966). As PAS is bulky and the dosage of isoniazid in the twice-weekly regimen was already high, namely 15 mg./kg. body-weight, it was decided to explore the possibility of increasing the dosage of ethionamide to a level higher than that usually employed (0.5— 1.0 g.) in daily regimens. An investigation was therefore undertaken to determine the maximum tolerated dose of ethionamide. when administered twice-weekly together with isonia-zid plus PAS. Since the assessment of ethio-namide intolerance is largely subjective, the study was conducted ‘double-blind’ with respect to the dosage of ethionamide
Arthralgia in South Indian patients with pulmonary tuberculosis during treatment with pyrazinamide and rifampicin
Arthralgia was the major adverse reaction encountered in a clinical trial of the treatment
of pulmonary tuberculosis with three short-course regimens containing pyrazinamide in South
Indian patients. The first regimen was of rifampicin, streptomycin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide
given daily for three months; the second was of the same four drugs daily for three months
followed by streptomycin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide twice-weekly for two months, and the
third was the same as the second except that rifampicin was not administered. Arthralgia
was reported in 36% of 353 rifampicin patients and 66% of 179 non-rifampicin patients, a highly
significant difference (p<0.001). The onset of arthralgia was mostly during the first two
months of chemotherapy. The knees were affected in about 90% followed by the ankles in
about 50% of the patients with arthralgia, and about 60% of these patients had one or more
of the signs, swelling, tenderness and limitation of joint movement. Chemotherapy was
modified in 10 rifampicin and 15 non-rifampicin patients; the rest of the patients were managed
with symptomatic treatment with analgesics. There was a two to three fold increase in serum
uric acid concentrations by the end of the first month and the concentrations were more or
less stationary throughout the rest of the daily phase of treatment. The mean concentration
during the daily phase of treatment in patients with arthralgia (0.482 mmoles/litre) was similar
to that in those without arthralgia (0.484 mmoles/litre), while that in the rifampicin patients
(0.476 mmoles/litre) was significantly lower (p=0.03) than that in the non-rifampicin patients
(0.495 mmoles/litre)
Studies in fish liver oils. Part III. Biological assay of vitamin D
This article does not have an abstract
Studies on the nutrition of urban population groups
A diet survey has been carried out in Vellore town. The survey included 507 families divided into 11 groups. The caloric intake for the poorest section is appalingly low. Protein and fat intakes are also extremely low. The diet of the poor classes is generally deficient in quality as well as quantity. It is not only a question of lack of vitamins but also of fats, proteins, minerals and even caloris. The amino acid pattern of the diets of poor people is discussed in relation to its possible role in producing liver injury
The effect of prawn protein on the bone of mature rats
The body weight and humeri of mature rats fed for 30 days with diets containing 5, 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5 and 20% prawn protein have been determined. The following conclusions are drawn: 1. A diet containing 5% prawn protein will not support the body weight of mature rats, while diets containing 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5 and 20% protein permit an increase in body weight in approximate proportions. 2. A diet containing 12.5% prawn protein supports a degree of skeletal constitution in mature rats equal to that of a diet containing 15% prawn protein. 3.5 and 10% prawn protein diets are inadequate to support normal skeletal constitution. 4. The compositions of the bone ash is not affected by feeding prawn protein deficient diets to mature rats
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