Neutrino Mass Matrices with Two Vanishing Elements/Cofactors

We study the phenomenological implications of the recent neutrino data for class B of two texture zeros and two vanishing cofactors for Majorana neutrinos in the flavor basis. We find that classes $B_{1}$($B_2$) of two texture zeros and classes $B_5$($B_6$) of two vanishing cofactors have similar predictions for neutrino oscillation parameters for the same mass hierarchy. Similar predictions for classes $B_3$($B_4$) of two texture zeros and classes $B_3$($B_4$) of two vanishing cofactors are expected. However, a preference for a shift in the quadrant of the Dirac-type CP violating phase($\delta$) in contrast to the earlier analysis has been predicted for a relatively large value of the reactor neutrino mixing angle($\theta_{13}$) for class B of two texture zeros and two vanishing cofactors for an inverted mass spectrum. No such shift in the quadrant of $\delta$ has been found for the normal mass spectrum.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures and 3 table

Variable Block Based Motion Estimation Using Hexagon Diamond Full Search Algorithm (HDFSA) Via Block Subtraction Technique

Motion estimation is a technique to reduce high information redundancy which exists between successive frames in a video sequences. There are many types of motion estimation method but the most used method is the block matching method which is the fixed block matching and the variable block matching. The fixed block matching uses the same block size throughout the motion estimation process while the variable block matching uses different block size. The variable block matching developed based on four stages which is the video and frame selection, threshold calculation, block size selection and search pattern. In the video and frame selection, pre-defined video which have different type of motion and size is used for the algorithm evaluation purpose. The threshold calculation is based on the video selected. Each video selected will have its own threshold which is used for the block size selection. There is three block size selection which is 16×16 pixels block size (uniform motion), 8×8 pixels block size (moderate motion) and 4×4 pixels block size (complex motion). In order to calculate the threshold and block size selection, the block subtraction technique is implemented. The concept of the block subtraction technique is based on the changes of pixels value between successive frames which represent the existence of motion. The next stage of algorithm development is the search pattern which is the hexagon diamond (16×16 and 8×8 pixels block size) and full search pattern (4×4 pixels block size). To evaluate the performance of the developed algorithm, the average PSNR value, average search point and average elapsed processing time is calculated. Overall, the developed algorithms have similar PSNR value and lower average search point compared to superior algorithms. The average elapsed processing time have increased due to the implementation of the block subtraction technique and the variable block matching

The Behaviour Of Glycosphingolipids Under A Variety Of Structural And Environmental Influences

The influence of naturally occurring glycosphingolipid (GSL) structural variations as modulators of glycolipid organization and dynamics was considered by wideline {dollar}\sp2{dollar}H-NMR in bilayer model membranes. Non-perturbing deuterium probes were placed at selected locations within polar and hydrophobic regions. A variety of environmental influences, which have been widely considered as major determinants of GSL function as recognition sites and structural elements, was examined.;GSL oligosaccharide orientation and motional order were monitored while systematically altering primary GSL structure changes and membrane environment. Each glycolipid, as a minor membrane component, demonstrated clear evidence of preferred average oligosaccharide orientation. Strikingly, the conformation and motional order of all the GSL headgroups monitored in fluid membranes were only modestly influenced by factors tested, including natural and artificially introduced variations to the GSL hydrophobic region, membrane fluidity, temperature, and presence of cholesterol or the NANA residue of gm{dollar}\sb1{dollar}. High Ca{dollar}\sp{lcub}2+{rcub}{dollar} concentrations produced spectral changes in asialo-gm{dollar}\sb1{dollar} (neutral GSL) and gm{dollar}\sb1{dollar} (charged), which may reflect generalized ion binding to the membrane.;Measurement of spectra from deuterons located in the hydrophobic region of the GSL revealed the effects of fatty acid variation. Results of GSL fatty acid hydroxylation (D- and L-isomers) overall suggested that one significant aspect of the {dollar}\alpha{dollar}-hydroxy group was to interfere with glycolipid packing amongst host phospholipids in the upper portion of the acyl chains. For the D-{dollar}\alpha{dollar}-hydroxy stereoisomer, there was some evidence of minor strengthening of interlipid interaction near the membrane surface. Effects of GSL unsaturation proved to be very similar to published data dealing with glycerol based lipids in cell and model membranes. Phase diagrams of N-stearoyl (C-18) and N-lignoceroyl (C-24) galactosylceramide in SOPC were produced. The fluidus curves of both systems were virtually superimposable while a major difference was seen in ordered phase behaviour. At low concentrations, the phase behaviour of the C-18 and C-24 GalCer systems were very similar in both fluid and gel phases. Unique behaviour was observed for the omega end of very long GSL fatty acids in fluid phospholipid membranes

A Study of Technology Innovations and Applications in Transforming Safety and Security in Healthcare Facility Management

The increasing complexity of construction projects has transformed the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry through technology adoption over the last decade. But, Facility Management (FM) as an industry has been slow in technology adoption. Growing market competition, corporate demands and new ways of attracting clients for owners are compelling FM professionals to be more efficient. This requirement is driving technology adoption by FM professionals. This study identifies technologies adopted by Healthcare Facility Management (HFM) professionals for improving safety and security of users that have capabilities and conceived and/or developed applications that can or in some cases are at present used in HFM. Simultaneously, it also looks into potentials and capabilities of a handful of other technologies in further improving safety and security. Using Literature-Based Discovery (LBD), the technology applications and innovations aimed towards safety and security are discovered from the literature that falls within the purview of HFM to form a picture of how these technologies enhance the practice of FM. The study aims at detecting how technologies have contributed towards transforming user experience. Also, this study identifies existing technologies and innovation demands (knowledge and gaps in knowledge), a general understanding of technology, its use and capabilities, and its recognition by users and industry professionals (adoption/rejection). They serve to illustrate how and to what degree the technologies will come to be used in facility management. Technologies, as they mature, will come to be used by facility managers in similar functions and hypothetically, entirely new ones. One should create a better user experience tailored to the functionality demanded. It is important for facility managers to partner with technology companies presenting innovative solutions to create a platform that is tailored to user-specific needs. Acceptance of a unified process, together with input from users, facility managers, and an assessment of current technologies and new advances in practice are productive ways to develop technologies that drive user satisfaction. This paper works to illustrate a future vision of HFM based on these technologies. Healthcare facility managers will have a reference that assembles multiple technological proficiencies that can function in their practice going forward

Environmental Noise Pollution Monitoring And Impacts On Human Health In Dehradun City, Uttarakhand, India

Noise pollution monitoring and environmental impacts on human health in Dehradun City of India are discussed. Major source of noise pollution includes transportation and frequent use of horn in vehicles. Dehradun is at a cross road and prominent national institutions like Survey of India, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, Forest Research Institute, Indian Military Academy, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology, Central and State Government offices are changing Dehradun into a busy, economically active vibrant city. Noise pollution levels (50.70 – 82.54 dB) more than recommended permissible limits (30 -75 dB) are observed in the Survey Chock, Prince Chock, Saharanpur Chock, Gandhi Park and Clock Tower. Exposure to high level of noise cause stress on human health such as auditory, nervous system, insomnia, hearing loss, reducing efficiency, sexual impotency, cardio-vascular, respiratory, neurological damages and limiting the human life. The execution of an appropriate management strategy for limiting noise pollution on affected sites is recommended. Keywords: Environmental monitoring, Noise pollution, Human health, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF ASHODHIT AND SHODHIT GUNJA (ABRUS PRECATORIUS) PERICARPS.

Objective: The aim of the present research work was to carry out the effect of Shodhana on Gunja pericarps by using advanced analytical tools. It is attributable to the plant Abrus precatorius L. belonging to family fabaceae having three types of plants white, red and black seeds.Methods: Three varieties of Gunja seed's pericarps were subjected for Swedana in cow's milk and Kanji. The Shodhit and Ashodhit Gunja pericarps were subjected for analytical parameters. For the establishment of the effect of Shodhana, the percentage of total ash, acid insoluble ash, total protein and successive extractives were carried out on Ashodhita and Shodhita pericarps.Results: The study showed that the percentage of total ash was reduced in Shodhit samples as compared to Ashodhit samples. The percentage of hexane and chloroform extractives in milk Shodhit pericarps were increased in all the samples, however, no significant variations were observed in Kanji Shodhit samples. On the contrary, the percentage of alcohol and water extractives value decreased in Shodhit samples.Conclusion: It was found that most of the phytochemicals were decreased in Shodhit samples of Kanji as compared to cow milk

Molecular interaction Study in binary mixture of DMSO with formamide and N, N-dimethylformamide

Ultrasonic, volumetric and viscometric investigations have been carried out on DMSO + formamide and DMSO + N, N-dimethylformamide mixtures at three temperatures 293, 303 and 313 K over the entire mole fraction range. From these data, deviation in isentropic compressibility (ΔKs), excess Gibb’s free energy of activation for viscous flow (ΔG*E), excess internal pressure (π) and excess molar enthalpy (H) have been calculated. A Redlich-Kister polynomial equation of third degree has been used to correlate the derived properties of binary liquid mixtures by using the least square method. The observed positive and negative values of excess parameters have been used to study the nature and strength of intermolecular interactions present in these mixtures. Further, theoretical values of ultrasonic velocity have been evaluated using theories and empirical relations