Human papillomavirus genotype distribution among colposcopy diagnosed cervical precancerous lesions

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the primary causes of gynaecological cancer death. Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequent cancer worldwide, and it is the second most common cancer in Bangladesh. The stage of cervical cancer at diagnosis has a significant impact on survival. Cervical cancer mortality is high in Bangladesh due to late detection and limited management facilities. The aim of the study was to determine the pattern of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype among colposcopy diagnosed cervical precancerous lesions. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of gynecological oncology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka. Total of 142 women attending the colposcopy clinic of BSMMU. Results: The mean age was found 38.7±7.3 years with a range from 30 to 60 years. 10 (7.0%) patients were found HPV 16 positive followed by 1 (0.7%) HPV 18, another hr-HPV 3 (2.1%), HPV 16 and other hr-HPV 3 (2.1%) and HPV 16, HPV 18 and other hr-HPV 1 (0.7%). Regarding colposcopy reports 99 (69.7%) patients had CIN I, 33 (23.7%) had CIN II and 10 (7.0%) had CIN III identification by colposcopy reports. 61 (43.0%) patients had CIN I followed by 15 (10.6%) had CIN II, 11 (7.7%) had CIN III, 7 (4.9%) had CIS, and 48 (33.8%) had normal or squamous metaplasia by histopathological reports. Conclusions: It can be concluded that among all the 14 hr-HPV genotype HPV 16 is more prevalent while HPV18 prevalence was very low in colposcopy diagnosed cervical precancer cases. The study revealed HPV16 was more common among high grade lesions

Glial Heterotopia of the orbit: A rare presentation

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Glial heterotopias are rare, benign, congenital, midline, non-teratomatous extracranial glial tissue. They may masquerade as encephalocoele or dermoid cyst and mostly present in nose. Herein, we present an unusual case of glial heterotopia of the orbit with unilateral blindness.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 6 year-old-boy presented with a progressive painless mass over the nose and medial aspect of the left eye noticed since birth. On examination, the globe was displaced laterally by a firm, regular, mobile, non-pulsatile and non-tender medial mass. The affected eye had profound loss of vision. Computed tomography scan showed a large hypodense mass in the extraconal space with no intracranial connectivity and bony erosion. The child underwent total surgical excision of the mass and histopathological examination confirmed glial heterotopia of the orbit.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Though the incidence of this condition is rare, the need of appropriate diagnosis and management of such mass to prevent the visual and cosmetic deterioration is warranted. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of Glial heterotopia of orbit causing unilateral blindness.</p

Constraints on the χ_(c1) versus χ_(c2) polarizations in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

The polarizations of promptly produced χ_(c1) and χ_(c2) mesons are studied using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in proton-proton collisions at √s=8  TeV. The χ_c states are reconstructed via their radiative decays χ_c → J/ψγ, with the photons being measured through conversions to e⁺e⁻, which allows the two states to be well resolved. The polarizations are measured in the helicity frame, through the analysis of the χ_(c2) to χ_(c1) yield ratio as a function of the polar or azimuthal angle of the positive muon emitted in the J/ψ → μ⁺μ⁻ decay, in three bins of J/ψ transverse momentum. While no differences are seen between the two states in terms of azimuthal decay angle distributions, they are observed to have significantly different polar anisotropies. The measurement favors a scenario where at least one of the two states is strongly polarized along the helicity quantization axis, in agreement with nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics predictions. This is the first measurement of significantly polarized quarkonia produced at high transverse momentum