Young People in the Arab World from the Democratic ‘Spring’ to the Jihadist ‘Winter’?: Participation and Social and Political Activism

Este monográfico se enmarca dentro de los resultados del proyecto “Juventudes, cambio social, política y sociedades en red en el Mediterráneo. El caso de los países magrebíes” (CSO2011-­‐29438-­‐C05-­‐04) (2012-­‐2014) financiado por el Ministerio de Economía y Competitivida

Percepciones del Islam y de los musulmanes en los Medios de comunicación en España

Observatorio Español de Reacismo y Xenofobi

Young People and Political and Social Activism in the Maghreb: The Participants in the 2013 Tunis World Social Forum

El objetivo de este artículo es profundizar en el conocimiento de la participación social y política de los jóvenes norteafricanos. Este fenómeno ha adquirido un renovado interés tanto sociológico como político tras las movilizaciones de descontento que protagonizaron fundamentalmente los jóvenes en el Magreb a principio de 2011. Para analizarlo presentamos los resultados de una encuesta a jóvenes activistas de Argelia, Marruecos, y Túnez que hemos realizado durante el Foro Social Mundial (FMS) que se celebró en Túnez en marzo de 2013. La muestra se compone de más de 200 jóvenes con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 35 años y que son miembros de organizaciones de la sociedad civil magrebí. Nos centramos en los aspectos metodológicos del trabajo de campo, el perfil socio-¬‐demográfico de los jóvenes militantes, los objetivos y las causas que orientan la labor de las organizaciones en las que participan, y las opiniones que expresan ante la “Primavera árabe”. A modo de conclusiones destacamos las aportaciones de nuestro estudio en relación con las dimensiones de género y las variables nacionalesThe aim of this paper is to progress in the knowledge of participation of young people in collective actions in the North African countries. This is a phenomenon of great interest in terms of sociological and political issues after the massive protests that have been led by young people at the beginning of 2011. We will present the results of a survey of young activists from Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. During the World Social Forum (WSF), held in Tunisia in March, 2013, we interviewed a little over two hundred young people between the ages of eighteen and thirty-­‐five, members of civil society organizations (CSOs) in Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. We will first present the methodologic issue of the fieldwork. Second we analyze the socio-­‐demographic profile of the young activists, the causes which shape the work of the CSOs, the motivations of these young people in participating in collective action and the attitudes they report with regard to the protest movements of 2011 called “Arab Spring”. Finally, we will contrast the responses given – on the one hand, in terms of gender, and on the other, of countr

Participación política y cívica de los jóvenes en África del Norte: Prácticas, discursos y opiniones

This text introduces the special issue that examines the opinions and political behaviour of young people in the three Maghreb countries - Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco - over the last ten years, after the so-called "Arab Spring". The assumption is that, although young North Africans do not form a homogeneous category and may even defend antagonistic outlooks on society, there are underlying trends that structure this emerging generation. The contributions of this special issue are articulated around three main topics: the construction and the representations of Youth as a social and political category; the political attitudes of young people and their perception of their respective societies in general and of political actors in particular; and finally, on the conflicto between, on the one hand, the recognition of their rights and spaces for civic participation and, on the other, their electoral disaffection as reflected by opinion surveys and official data. In other words, this special issue discusses the complexity of the rise of a new generation through their narratives and their practicesEn este texto se presenta el número monográfico que se centra en el análisis de las opiniones y comportamientos políticos de los jóvenes de los tres países del Magreb - Argelia, Túnez y Marruecos – en los diez últimos años, esto es, dentro del contexto marcado por la contestación conocida como “Primavera árabe”. Las distintas contribuciones parten de la premisa según la cual, si bien los jóvenes norteafricanos no forman una categoría homogénea, y pueden incluso defender visiones normativas antagónicas de la sociedad, lo cierto es que se pueden identificar grandes tendencias que marcan esta generación en formación. Los grandes ejes que vertebran las distintas contribuciones de este número monográfico son los siguientes: la construcción y representaciones de la juventud como categoría social y política; las actitudes políticas de los jóvenes y la percepción que tienen de sus respectivas sociedades en general y de los actores políticos en particular ; y por último, el contraste entre de una parte, el reconocimiento de derechos y espacios para la participación cívica de los jóvenes y, de otra, la desafección electoral que evidencian las encuestas de opinión y los datos oficiales. En suma, se trata de reflexionar sobre la compleja emergencia de una nueva generación a través de sus discursos y prácticas

La cuestión de la frecuencia y el tipo de trato con inmigrantes: una aproximación a los efectos de las relaciones intergrupales sobre las actitudes hacia la inmigración

The goal of this report is to look in more depth at the effects that the relationships between indigenous people and immigrants can have on the attitudes of the former towards the latter. The study uses the results of a national opinion poll on the perception of Spaniards towards immigration. Following the traditional perspective of contact theory developed by G.W. Allport, two central questions are posed here: first, if more frequent contact between indigenous and immigrantcommunities brings with it a more positive perception of the migratoryphenomenon and second, if the type of relationship established between the two groups influences this perception. In other words, to what extent does intergroup contact contribute to reducing stereotypes and prejudices towards immigrants

Does gender matter within the Tunisian civil society organizations following the "Arab Spring"? The division of labor and responsibilities among young activists

This article explores the gender dimension of young people participation in Tunisian civil society organizations (CSOs) that emerged largely after the 2011 "revolution". The main aims are, first, to provide information on the Tunisian context; second, to characterize this new activism marked by a large participation of young women; and, third, to identify whether there are elements typical of a gender division of positions, responsibilities and activism work. The Tunisian case is very interesting because political transitions are crucial moments for women's rights and associations. Based on two surveys, we put forward the hypothesis that inequality between men and women in the allocation of responsibilities will increase or decrease depending on the degree of gender inequality in the possession of skills and resources (educational, linguistic, socio-economic) and previous experiences of associative socialization. After outlining the national context, we find that the profiles, resources and socialization of activists are relatively homogeneous. However, while women and men gain access to positions of responsibility with some equality via elections to the executive bodies of CSOs, male leadership prevails in ad hoc activities that grant greater individual public recognition and leadership

Personal-by-design: a 3D Electromechanical Model of the Heart Tailored for Personalisation

International audienceIn this work we present a coupled electromechanical model of the heart for patient-specific simulations, and in particular cardiac resynchronisation therapy. To this end, we propose a fast fully autonomous and flexible pipeline to generate and optimise the data required to run the mechanical simulation. After the meshing of the biventricular segmentation image and the construction of the associated fibres arrangement, we compute the electrical potential propagation in the myocardial tissue from selected onset points on the endocardium. We generate a 12-lead electrocardiogram corresponding to the latter activation map by extrapolating the electrical potential on a virtual torso. This electrical activation is coupled to a mechanical model, featuring a small set of interpretable parameters. We also propose an efficient algorithm to optimise the model parameters, based on patient data. The whole pipeline including a cardiac cycle is computed in 30 minutes, enabling to use this digital twin for diagnosis and therapy planning

L¿emprise de la monarchie marocaine entre fin du droit d¿inventaire et déploiement de la « technocratie palatiale

L’année 2006 a débuté par la présentation du bilan démocratique et socio-économique de cinquante années d’indépendance. La décision royale d’autoriser la publication de la synthèse du rapport de l’Instance équité et réconciliation (IER)2 ainsi que, dans son intégralité cette fois, le texte du rapport du cinquantenaire, « 50 ans de développement humain au Maroc »3, légitiment « un » discours contrasté sur le règne précédent. Ces deux évaluations sont le résultat de la mobilisation de compétences professionnelles ou techniques reconnues dans leurs domaines respectifs qui soumettent à l’opinion publique un nouveau consensus sur l’état de la nation. Ce faisant, Mohamed VI se décharge de la responsabilité de la situation reçue en héritage et appelle à regarder vers l’avenir en tournant définitivement la page des années de plomb et en consacrant tous les efforts au développement social et économiquePeer Reviewe