A Rapid and Convenient Synthesis of Acridine Derivatives Using Camphor Sulfonic Acid Catalyst

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An extended dual input dual output three level Z source inverter with improved switch loss reduction technique

Multilevel inverter (MLI) is a proven technology used for industrial applications due to low output total harmonic distortion (THD), high power handling capability and low active device rating. Dual output inverter is a recent trend associated with inverter topologies for specialized applications. This paper deals with three phase three level dual input dual output inverter topology with minimum active device count. Reduction in switch count leads to reduction in losses and improves reliability. Both the input sources share power equally as neutral point current ripple is maintained low. For further reduction in switching losses at higher switching frequencies, the concept of “no switching zone” or discontinuous pulse width modulation (DPWM) has been put forth recently. This paper proposes modification in the placement of “no switching zone” in order to optimize switching losses and output THD (output filtering requirements) for low power factor load. This study also proposes novel graphical approach to analyze the loss reduction along with its effect on output THD. The sinusoidal PWM (SPWM) is used which gives satisfactory switching loss reduction without complex calculations. Moreover, the proposed topology is generalized to provide dual output at higher voltage levels. It is seen that the components reduction phenomenon becomes more pronounced as number of levels goes on increasing. The proposed converter is simulated in MATLAB software environment and results are obtained

Annual Report 2021

Not AvailableICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune was established in January 1997 to undertake mission oriented research to address the issues related to grape production and processing in India. Research is being carried out under broad areas of genetic resource management and biotechnology, production technologies, plant health management and postharvest technology and value addition. Besides institutional research programs, several externally funded projects are also in progress. The Centre also undertakes consultancy services and contractual researches related to its mandate. The research achievements made during 2021 are summarized below: Conservation, characterization and utilization of grape Presently 481 accessions are maintained in National Active Germplasm Site-Grapes at ICAR-NRCG, Pune. Six grape accessions viz. Sheegene 2, Sheegene 13, Sheegene 20, Sheegene 21, Blagra 2 and 1103P were collected during the period. Genetic improvement of grape Grape hybrids developed at the institute were evaluated. Based on the parameters such as berry size, firmness, total soluble solids, acidity, skin thickness and flavour, eight F1 hybrids were found to have potential for table purpose whereas based on pulp content, total soluble solids, acidity and skin thickness, six were found to have potential for raisin purpose. Based on various berry sensory parameters, seven white and five coloured hybrids were found promising. In the rootstock breeding programme, flower induction was achieved successfully and the floral biology revealed that Dogridge and Salt Creek are hermaphrodite and behave like female vine due to reflexed stamens whereas the flowers of St. George, 110R, 1103P, 140Ru were devoid of pistil and behaved as a perfect male vines. In the breeding for naturally loose bunches and bold berries, 17 F1 hybrids were established in the field. In breeding for coloured grapes, 161 F1 hybrids were established in the field. Total eleven candidate grape varieties were being tested on-site DUS tested as per guidelines at various growth stages. Based on consolidated reports submitted by the ICAR-NRC for Grapes, Pune two varieties namely Manjari Kishmish and Manjari Naveen got registration number while three farmers’ varieties viz. King Berry, VSD Seedless and RK Seedless were published in Plant Variety Journal of the Authority Molecular linkage maps were developed for two grape varieties. SNP marker based linkage map developed for Carolina Blackrose consisted of 1716 SNP markers covering a total distance of 2219.96 cM with an average distance of 1.29 cM whereas Thompson Seedless consisted of 1308 SNP markers covering a total distance of 1453.46 cM with an average distance of 1.11 cM. QTL mapping based on SNP and phenotyping data of fifty hybrids of Carolina Blackrose and Thompson Seedless identified several QTL regions for berry weight and berry size. Association mapping analysis to identify the molecular markers linked to bunch architecture related traits identified 22 marker trait associations. SNP marker S5_4053397 on chromosome 5 showed association with bunch length, bunch width, bunch volume and berry weight. The linked markers are being validated in segregating population. The protocols for nodal culture and embryogenic callus induction from grape leaf and young immature inflorescence were standardized. MS media supplemented with 11 µM BAP resulted in good shoot initiation whereas MS media supplemented with 11 µM BAP + 0.49 µM IBA was optimum for shoot proliferation. MS media containing 6 µM 2, 4-D + 1 µM BAP resulted in good calli. Development and refinement of production technologies for enhancing quality, productivity and sustainability in grape In the rootstock evaluation trial, the performance of Crimson Seedless, Manjari Kishmish and Manjari Medika grapevines grafted on Dogridge and 110R was found superior over other rootstocks based upon growth, yield and berry quality parameters. In case of Manjari Naveen, significantly higher yield, bunch weight and leaf area was recorded in vines raised on 1103P than other rootstocks. In the experiment to study the response of grape rootstocks, under drought and water-logging conditions, the results of bio-chemical, root morphological and anatomical parameters revealed that 140Ru, 110R, SO4 and Dogridge rootstocks performed better under drought condition whereas 1103P, 110R and 140Ru rootstocks performed better under water-logging condition. The rootstock 110R and 140Ru performed better under both the conditions. The light curve measure under field condition showed that Thompson Seedless grafted on Dogridge rootstock had light saturation at approximately 1200-1300 μmol m–2s–1 and light compensation between 20 to 30 μmol m–2s–1 at veraison stage. New project, initiated to standardize growth stage wise nutrient and water requirement of Crimson Seedless vines raised on Dogridge rootstock showed that subsurface irrigation treatment based upon pan evaporation and crop growth stage produced 18.25 t/ha of grapes utilizing only 216.1 mm of irrigation water with highest WUE of 84.4 kg grapes/mm of irrigation water applied.Not Availabl

Quality-adjusted survival in women with gynecologic malignancies receiving IMRT after surgery: A Ppatient Rreported Ooutcome study of NRG oncology\u27s RTOG 1203

Introduction: NRG/RTOG 1203 compared 3-D conformal radiotherapy (3D CRT) to intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in patients with endometrial or cervical cancer requiring post-operative radiotherapy after hysterectomy. The purpose of this study was to report the first quality-adjusted survival analysis comparing the two treatments. Methods: NRG/RTOG 1203 randomized patients having undergone hysterectomy to either 3DCRT or IMRT. Stratification factors included RT dose, chemotherapy, and disease site. The EQ-5D, both index and visual analog scale (VAS), were obtained at baseline, 5 weeks after the start of RT, 4–6 weeks post RT and 1 and 3-years post RT. EQ-5D index and VAS scores along with quality-adjusted survival (QAS) were compared between treatment arms using the t-test at a two-sided significance level of 0.05. Results: NRG/RTOG 1203 enrolled 289 patients of which 236 consented to participate in the patient reported outcome (PRO) assessments. QAS was higher in women treated with IMRT, 1374 vs 1333 days (p = 0.5) compared to patients treated with 3DCRT, but this difference was not statistically different. Patients treated with IMRT had less of a decline in VAS score 5 weeks post RT, −5.04, compared to patients treated with 3DCRT, −7.48, although not statistically significant (p = 0.38). Conclusion: This is the first report of the use of the EQ-5D comparing two radiotherapy techniques in the treatment of gynecologic malignancies after surgery. While there were no significant differences in QAS and VAS scores between patients who received IMRT vs. 3DCRT, RTOG 1203 was not powered to show statistical differences in these secondary endpoints