The numerical solution of singular initial value problems using Chebyshev wavelet collocation method

AbstractWavelet analysis is a recently developed mathematical tool for many problems. In this paper, an efficient and new numerical method is proposed for the numerical solution of singular initial value problems, which is based on collocation points with Chebyshev wavelet. The present method is developed using the Chebyshev wavelet and its operational matrices to obtain higher accuracy. It has been shown here that the present method can be easily implemented and the results obtained are most accurate. Hence the present method has a clear advantage over the classical methods. Numerical order of convergence of the proposed method is calculated. The results show the better accuracy of the proposed method, which is justified through the illustrative examples

Experiences in Software Testing Education: Some Observations from an International Cooperation

This paper examines the outcomes of teaching a course in Software Testing in Ireland and China over a two-year period. In both institutions the delivery of the course is constrained to two-week duration. The learning objectives for this course are explained. The outcomes of the courses in terms of student learning are compared and analyzed. A number of observations are made that lead to recommendations as to how the educational experience can be improved for the students in both countries

Dexamethasone transcriptionally increases the expression of the pregnane X receptor and synergistically enhances pyrethroid esfenvalerate in the induction of cytochrome P450 3A23

The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is recognized as a key regulator for the induction of a large number of genes in drug metabolism and transport. The transactivation of PXR is enhanced by the glucocorticoid dexamethasone and the enhancement is linked to the induction of PXR in humans and rats. The present study was undertaken to determine the mechanism for the induction and ascertain the synergistic effect on the expression of CYP3A23, a rat PXR target. In primary hepatocytes, significant induction of PXR was detected as early as 2 h after the treatment and the maximal induction occurred at 1 μM dexamethasone. Similar induction kinetics was observed in the hepatoma line H4-II-E-C3. The induction was abolished by actinomycin D and dexamethasone efficaciously stimulated the rat PXR promoter. In addition, dexamethasone synergized esfenvalerate (an insecticide and a PXR activator) in inducing CYP3A23 and stimulating the CYP3A23 promoter. The full promoter of CYP3A23 (−1445/+74) was activated in a similar pattern as the changes in PXR mRNA in response to dexamethasone, esfenvalerate and co-treatment. In contrast, different responding patterns were detected on the stimulation of the CYP3A23 proximal promoter. Synergistic stimulation was also observed on the CYP3A4-DP-Luc reporter, the human counterpart of CYP3A23. These findings establish that transactivation is responsible for the induction of rat PXR and the induction presents potential interactions with insecticides in a species-conserved manner. The different responding patterns among CYP3A23 reporters point to an involvement of multiple transcriptional events in the regulation of CYP3A23 expression by dexamethasone, esfenvalerate and both. [Refer to PDF for graphical abstract

Dexamethasone suppresses the expression of multiple rat carboxylesterases through transcriptional repression: Evidence for an involvement of the glucocorticoid receptor

Carboxylesterases play important roles in the metabolism of xenobiotics and detoxication of insecticides. Without exception, all mammalian species studied express multiple forms of carboxylesterases. Several rat carboxylesterases are well-characterized including hydrolase A, B and S, and the expression of these enzymes is significantly suppressed by glucocorticoid dexamethasone. In this study, we used multiple experimental systems and presented a molecular mechanism for the suppression. Rats receiving one or more daily injections of dexamethasone consistently expressed lower HA, HB and HS. The suppression occurred at the levels of mRNA, protein and hydrolytic activity. In hepatoma cell line H4-II-E-C3, nanomolar dexamethasone caused significant decreases in HA, HB and HS mRNA, and the decreases were abolished by antiglucocorticoid RU486. Additionally, dexamethasone at nanomolar concentrations repressed the promoters of carboxylesterases, and the repression was reduced by glucocorticoid receptor-β, a dominant negative regulator of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). In contrast, co-transfection of the pregnane X receptor (PXR) increased the reporter activities, but the increase occurred only at micromolar concentrations of dexamethasone. These findings establish that both GR and PXR are involved in the regulated expression of rat carboxylesterases by dexamethasone but their involvement depends on the concentrations

PENGARUH PERHATIAN ORANG TUA DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR AKUNTANSI SISWA KELAS X PROGRAM KEAHLIAN AKUNTANSI SMK YPKK 2 SLEMAN TAHUN AJARAN 2011/2012

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui pengaruh Perhatian Orang Tua terhadap Prestasi Belajar Akuntansi Siswa Kelas X Program Keahlian Akuntansi SMK YPKK 2 Sleman Tahun Ajaran 2011/2012 , (2) mengetahui pengaruh Motivasi Belajar terhadap Prestasi Belajar Akuntansi Siswa Kelas X Program Keahlian Akuntansi SMK YPKK 2 Sleman Tahun Ajaran 2011/2012, dan (3) mengetahui pengaruh Perhatian Orang Tua dan Motivasi Belajar secara bersama-sama terhadap Prestasi Belajar Akuntansi Siswa Kelas X Program Keahlian Akuntansi SMK YPKK 2 Sleman Tahun Ajaran 2011/2012. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X Program Keahlian Akuntansi SMK YPKK 2 Sleman Tahun Ajaran 2011/2012 yang berjumlah 174 siswa. Dalam penelitian ini responden berjumlah 114 siswa sehingga penelitian ini merupakan penelitian sampel. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode dokumentasi dan metode angket. Sebelum melakukan analisis data diadakan pengujian prasyarat analisis terlebih dahulu yang meliputi uji normalitas, uji linieritas dan uji multikolinieritas. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi sederhana dan regresi ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan Perhatian Orang Tua terhadap Prestasi Belajar Akuntansi, dibuktikan