A Second Look at the Results of New Dietary Education Program to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes Focusing on Dietary Caloric Intake for Alcohol and Fat/Oil

Objective: This report focused on alcohol and fat/oil intake using results of a particular dietary intervention program of randomized controlled trial. Methods and Materials: Subjects were recruited primarily during an annual health check-up in a health examination center located in the center of Tokyo from February 2000 to January 2001. The examination included an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Eligible subjects were those diagnosed as borderline diabetic. Subjects were randomly assigned to the intervention or control groups. Study subjects were 156 Japanese male workers at high risk for type 2 diabetes, aged 35-70 years. The intervention group, or (New Dietary Education group: NDE) received individualized dietary counseling based on their food frequency questionnaire (FFQW65) results. Results: Many NDE subjects successfully managed to maintain a balance of total intake. The NDE intervention was effective in decreasing caloric intake of alcohol for Japanese male workers at a high risk for type 2 diabetes (% change NDE: -0.088±3.75 vs. control: 0.89±3.0). The intervention group diet produced a lower caloric intake of fat/oil than did the control group diet after one year (% change NDE: -0.035±0.034 vs. control: 0.034±0.0235). Daily dietary caloric intake for alcohol was decreased in the NDE group compared to the control group and the difference was significant after adjusting for baseline value (P=0.049). Daily dietary caloric intake for fat/oil was decreased in the NDE group compared to the control group but the difference was not significant after adjusting for baseline value (P=0.158). Conclusion: All the subjects were given specific information about their actual dietary habits through the use of the FFQW65. The program focused on increasing motivation and encouraging the subjects to recognize the need for behavior modification through their own efforts. The improvement seen in alcohol and fat/oil intake in the NDE group might be due to showing individually radar-charted traits or illustrated ideal meals during the intervention