Knowledge, attitude and practices towards COVID-19 pandemic in the community: a cross-sectional web-based survey in India

Background: Coronavirus disease is a current new virulent disease rising its transmission and fatality with each passing day globally. People’s observance of the prevention measures is essential for controlling the spread of COVID-19, which is affected by their knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices towards COVID-19 in the community in India.Methods: Present descriptive cross-sectional study was a web-based survey carried out between 15th July and 19th July 2020 among 570 participants in Maharashtra, India. A 30-item questionnaire distributed among the public using Google forms through social media networks.Results: 97.4% participants knew contact with the infected person as a mode of transmission for COVID-19. Common symptoms of COVID-19 reported were difficulty in breathing (96.3%), fever (90.7%), cough (88.9%), sore throat (82.8%), etc. The majority of participants (>90%) had correct knowledge about preventive measures to stop the spread of COVID-19. Around 80% had a positive attitude that India will win the battle against the disease. More than 90% were practicing appropriate preventive measures while going out.Conclusions: Majority of the Indian population demonstrated good knowledge, positive attitude, and good practices regarding the COVID-19 pandemic

Performance of Transmit Antenna Selection in Multiple Input Multiple Output-Orthogonal Space Time Block Code (MIMO-OSTBC) System Joint with Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH)-Turbo Code (TC) in Rayleigh Fading Channel

To enhancing the performance of spatial modulation (SM) systems TAS (Transmit antenna selection) technique need to be essential. This TAS is an effective technique for reducing the Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems computational difficulty and Bit error rate (BER) can increase remarkably by various TAS algorithms. But these selection methods cannot provide code gain, so it is essential to join the TAS with external code to obtain code gain advantages in BER. In some existing work, the improved BER has been perceived by joining Forward Error Correction Code (FEC) and Space Time Block Code (STBC) for MIMO systems provided greater code gain. A multiple TAS-OSTBC technique with new integration of Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH)-Turbo code (TC) is proposed in our paper. With external BCH code in sequence with the inner Turbo code, the TAS-OSTBC system is joining. This combination can provide increasing code gain and the effective advantages of the TAS-OSTBC system. To perform the system analysis Rayleigh channel is utilized. In the case with multiple TAS-OSTBC systems, better performance can provide by this new joint of the BCH-Turbo compared to the conventional Turbo code for the Rayleigh fading

SURVEY OF VEHICLE AD-HOC NETWORK

The communication is done in between cars that is based on the short range wireless technology. It become safety road and travel comfort using ad-hoc network. We see the different to communication mode in car network. Also we see the Geonetworking with car network. IPv6 is considered as the most appropriate technologies to support communication in VANET thanks to its extended address space, enhanced mobility support, ease of configuration and embedded security

Electro-oculography in the Field of Assistive Interaction Communication

There is sufficient evidence about feasible use of electrical bio signals in the field of Alternate Communication. Additionally, they are particularly suitable in the case of people with severe motor disorder, for example people with other physical disorder. Developing solutions for them involves different ways of using sensors that decides the user’s needs and limitations, which in turn converts the user’s intentions into commands. The system should be evaluated with an appropriate method. This paper submits alternative communication techniques used for communication using electrooculography technique. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15035

Development and Usability Evaluation of an E-learning Application Using Eye-tracking

The primary goal of this research is to use eye-tracking in the development and usability evaluation of an e-learning tool called "Problem Solving Environment for Continuous Process Design" (PSE). The PSE is meant to aid engineering students in learning the design processes of automated manufacturing systems. PSE is a user-interactive Flash application which gives the user an opportunity to virtually design an automated industrial process by manipulating the parameters associated with it. PSE is evaluated using eye-tracking experiments in which users' eye movements are tracked using camera and sensors to determine users' gaze direction and fixations. The data collected from the experiment is used to determine if use of visual cues improved the usability of the PSE. Results show that use of visual cues for gaze direction improved the usability of the PSE application, based on faster task completion times and improved navigability

A clinicomycological study of onychomycosis in a rural hospital in Central India

Background: Onychomycosis; fungal infection of nails account for about half of the nail diseases. Common site of involvement is toenails. Various etiological agents including dermatophytes, yeasts and non-dermatophytic moulds (NDM) are responsible. It is difficult to treat onychomycosis as compare to other dermatophytic infections because of the inherent slow growth of the nail. Aim: To diagnose etiological agents of onychomycosis on KOH, Calcofluor white (CFW), KOH treated Nail Clipping with Periodic Acid Schiff (KONCPA) and SDA culture. Objectives: 1) To determine the fungal etiological agents of onychomycosis. 1) To correlate clinical parameters with the mycological findings.Methods: The study was carried out in department of Microbiology, MGIMS, Sewagram, Wardha. A total of 44 cases with signs of onychomycosis were enrolled in the study which were subjected for microscopic examination by 20% KOH, CFW and KONCPA. Mycological culture was done on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (with and without antibiotics).Results: On analysis, the positivity by 20% KOH andCFW was 45.5%, 63.4% respectively while by KONCPA it was found to be 25%. In 38.6% fungal cultures revealed growth. At present, the etiological agents were dermatophytes (12.5%), especially Trichophyton rubrum, nondermatophytic isolates (75%) include Aspergillus spp., Penicillium species, Rhizopus and Candida spp. (8.3%). In our study toenails were affected in 84% and distolateral subungual onychomycosis (DLSO) was the commonest clinical presentation.  Conclusion: Along with dermatophytes, NDM and yeasts are also important etiological agents of onychomycosis in our set up.

IMPLEMENTATION OF CMOS ADDER FOR AREA & ENERGY EFFICIENT ARITHMETIC APPLICATIONS

The most fundamental arithmetic operation is addition which is used in a digital data path logic system. Arithmetic and logic units , Microprocessors ,etc. are some examples where we need to use arithmetic operations for processing data, for calculating addresses respectively .There are different architectures for building adder circuit .For example:1)carry look ahead adder(CLA),2)carry propagate adder(CPA),3)carry save adder(CSA), & 4)carry select adder(CSLA) . Among these different architectures CSLA is a particular way of implementing adder that performs addition rapidly and are used for faster addition in many data processing processors .From observation of the carry select adder architecture we can see that there is scope for modification in order to significantly minimize the area and power consumed by the circuit. In this work we are going to propose simple and efficient modification at gate-level structure in CSLA. Based on this 16-, 32-bit square root CSLA (SQRT CSLA) have been developed & compared with regular structure. The proposed architecture design has reduced area & power consumption compared to regular structure with slight increase in delay. The evaluation of the proposed design is done based on delay, area & power performance metrics. The results show that proposed CSLA design is better than regular SQRT CSLA

SpO2/FiO2 ratio: a prognostic marker for influenza patients

Background: The objective of the study was to study the utility of SpO2 /FiO2 ratio for monitoring and predicting the outcome of   H1N1 positive patients of category C.Methods: This study is a hospital based observational study done at Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India from 14th January to 15th April 2015.  In this study, 156 H1N1 positive patients of category C were included.Results: 156 Patients were included. 96 were female and 60 were male patients. SpO2/FiO2 ratio was calculated on day one and values were used to divide patients into 5 groups. Highest mortality (70%) is seen in a group with SpO2/FiO2 ratio < 150. SpO2/FiO2 ratio progressively dropped in patients who died. SpO2/FiO2 ratio gradually improved in patients who survived.Conclusions: SpO2/FiO2 ratio on day 1 can be used as a prognostic marker in H1N1 positive patients. SpO2/FiO2 ratio was found to be a reliable marker to monitor the patients