Temporal and spatial patterns of anthropogenic disturbance at McMurdo Station, Antarctica

Human visitations to Antarctica have increased in recent decades, raising concerns about preserving the continent's environmental quality. To understand the spatial and temporal patterns of anthropogenic disturbances at the largest scientific station in Antarctica, McMurdo Station, a long-term monitoring program has been implemented. Results from the first nine years (1999–2007) of monitoring are reported. Most physical disturbance of land surfaces occurred prior to 1970 during initial establishment of the station. Hydrocarbons from fuel and anthropogenic metals occur in patches of tens to hundreds of square meters in areas of fuel usage and storage. Most soil contaminant concentrations are not expected to elicit biological responses. Past disposal practices have contaminated marine sediments with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), petroleum hydrocarbons, and metals in close proximity to the station that often exceed concentrations expected to elicit biological responses. Chemical contamination and organic enrichment reduced marine benthic ecological integrity within a few hundred meters offshore of the station. Contaminants were detected in marine benthic organisms confirming bioavailability and uptake. PCBs in sediments are similar to suspected source materials, indicating minimal microbial degradation decades after release. Anthropogenic disturbance of the marine environment is likely to persist for decades. A number of monitoring design elements, indicators and methodologies used in temperate climates were effective and provide guidance for monitoring programs elsewhere in Antarctica.Publishe

A study of the fine-scale patchiness of selected copepod species in the California Current

Typescript (photocopy).Seventeen Multiple Opening/Closing Net and Environmental Sensing System hauls were taken in the California Current at a depth of 90m and with a sample interval of 50m over a period of three days and three nights. Thirteen species were observed from the samples with average abundances greater than 5 individuals per 50m('3). Average daytime abundances ranged from 19.1 to 120.5 individuals per 50m('3). Average nighttime abundances ranged from 6.9 to 163.7 individuals per 50m('3). Fisher's index of dispersion ranged from 356 to 4590 during the day and 3,560 to 13,680 during the night. Patch parameters were determined using the Skellam Model for both day and night abundances. Patch diameters ranged from 160 to 360m at night and 180 to 480m during the day. Patch densities correlated significantly with Fischer's index of dispersion, implying a strong correlation with earlier measures of the intensity of patchiness. The spacing between patches appeared to be variable, suggesting a random distribution of the patches. Based on the correlations, patches were found to be multispecific, both by day and by night. Though some species failed to group consistantly, these did exhibit weak correlations with individual species. However, the groupings were not static for either day or night communities. The lack of zero abundances were not predicted by the model. The numbers of individuals observed between patches suggest that there are zones of exchange between patches. These observations suggest the temporary nature of the integrity of the patch structure. These data point out the dynamic nature of patches. Patch structure changes drastically from day to night. The coactive forces between species are obviously changing constantly as is the species makeup of the groups

A study of the fine-scale patchiness of selected copepod species in the California Current

Typescript (photocopy).Seventeen Multiple Opening/Closing Net and Environmental Sensing System hauls were taken in the California Current at a depth of 90m and with a sample interval of 50m over a period of three days and three nights. Thirteen species were observed from the samples with average abundances greater than 5 individuals per 50m('3). Average daytime abundances ranged from 19.1 to 120.5 individuals per 50m('3). Average nighttime abundances ranged from 6.9 to 163.7 individuals per 50m('3). Fisher's index of dispersion ranged from 356 to 4590 during the day and 3,560 to 13,680 during the night. Patch parameters were determined using the Skellam Model for both day and night abundances. Patch diameters ranged from 160 to 360m at night and 180 to 480m during the day. Patch densities correlated significantly with Fischer's index of dispersion, implying a strong correlation with earlier measures of the intensity of patchiness. The spacing between patches appeared to be variable, suggesting a random distribution of the patches. Based on the correlations, patches were found to be multispecific, both by day and by night. Though some species failed to group consistantly, these did exhibit weak correlations with individual species. However, the groupings were not static for either day or night communities. The lack of zero abundances were not predicted by the model. The numbers of individuals observed between patches suggest that there are zones of exchange between patches. These observations suggest the temporary nature of the integrity of the patch structure. These data point out the dynamic nature of patches. Patch structure changes drastically from day to night. The coactive forces between species are obviously changing constantly as is the species makeup of the groups

SEASONAL RESPIRATION IN THE MARSH PERIWINKLE, LITTORINA IRRORATA

Volume: 154Start Page: 322End Page: 33

A LAS VEGAS / A. WILLEMETZ - J. LE SEYEUX - LOUIGUY. QUAND C'EST L'AMOUR / G. FAVEREAU - M. DENOUX ; PATRICE ET MARIO ; Accompagnement d'Orchestre ; Dir : Jean FAUSTIN

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MON PETIT SOLDAT D'AFRIQUE / H. ITHIER - R. DENONCIN. GRAND MAMAN GATEAU / Géo KOGER - Bob ASTOR. JE T'AI JURE / G. FAVEREAU - M. DENOUX. C'EST TELLEMENT DIFFERENT, NOUS / Mick MICHEYL ; Lina MARGY ; accomp. d'orch. : J. FAUSTIN

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PERLES DE CRISTAL : Polka / HAMEL. TON ACCORDEON : valse / DENOUX - CLAUSIER. LA BONNE CADENCE : java / AIMABLE - LARCANGE - BERTRET - DOUVILLE. DE PARIS A OLERON : marche / LARCANGE. OLD FASHION WALTZ : valse / DUPRIEZ. LA JAVA AUX CHANDELLES : java / LARCANGE - MARGELLI. REPROCHE : valse / PEGURI. MARCHE DES FOOTBALLEURS / VERCHUREN - LARCANGE. OUIN-OUIN POLKA / AIMABLE - LARCANGE. REVEIL MONTAGNARD : java / LARCANGE - GOSSEZ. VIVE LE TYROL : valse / LARCANGE. LA DANSE DU JOCKEY : marche / M. et R. LARCANGE. SOIREE ROMANTIQUE : valse / DENOUX. ORO : paso-doble / BAXTER ; Maurice LARCANGE et son accordéon

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