The circulation of IPBES non-state actors between biodiversity and climate regimes

The International PIatform for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (1 PB ES) has been established together with a process of non-state actors (NSAs) involvement. Studies that do recognize the diversity of NSAs use only broad categories: business NG0s, environmental NG0s, etc. Here we attempt to calibrate more finely the rich diversity of NSAs. This article conducts a network analysis of the non-state organizations involved in IPBES. It develops a typology of NSAs and identifies characteristics that potentially affect the effectiveness of these actors in influencing policymaking. We suggest that the influence of NSAs relies not only on three interlinked resources: power (organizational, material and ideational), combined with access, and centrality but also on actor's relational capacities, and particularly their capacity to circulate within the institutional complexity of global environmental governance. The resulting typology has considerable policy implications. Most importantly, some of the NSAs characteristics could affect their ability to position themselves and the extent to which they could influence global policymaking processes. (Résumé d'auteur

Alien Registration- Denis, Marie (Winslow, Kennebec County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/16568/thumbnail.jp

Short Run and Long Run Causality in Time Series: Inference

We propose methods for testing hypothesis of non-causality at various horizons, as defined in Dufour and Renault (1998, Econometrica). We study in detail the case of VAR models and we propose linear methods based on running vector autoregressions at different horizons. While the hypotheses considered are nonlinear, the proposed methods only require linear regression techniques as well as standard Gaussian asymptotic distributional theory. Bootstrap procedures are also considered. For the case of integrated processes, we propose extended regression methods that avoid nonstandard asymptotics. The methods are applied to a VAR model of the U.S. economy. Nous proposons des méthodes pour tester des hypothèses de non-causalité à différents horizons, tel que défini dans Dufour et Renault (1998, Econometrica). Nous étudions le cas des modèles VAR en détail et nous proposons des méthodes linéaires basées sur l'estimation d'autorégressions vectorielles à différents horizons. Même si les hypothèses considérées sont non linéaires, les méthodes proposées ne requièrent que des techniques de régression linéaire de même que la théorie distributionnelle asymptotique gaussienne habituelle. Dans le cas des processus intégrés, nous proposons des méthodes de régression étendue qui ne requièrent pas de théorie asymptotique non standard. L'application du bootstrap est aussi considérée. Les méthodes sont appliquées à un modèle VAR de l'économie américaine.time series; Granger causality; indirect causality; multiple horizon causality; autoregression; autoregressive model; vector autoregression; VAR; stationary process; nonstationary process;integrated process; unit root; extended autoregression; bootstrap; Monte Carlo; macroeconomics;money; interest rates; output; inflation, séries chronologiques; causalité; causalité indirecte; causalité à différents horizons; autorégression; modèle autorégressif; autorégression vectorielle; VAR; processus stationnaire; processus non stationnaire; processus intégré; racine unitaire; autorégression étendue; bootstrap; Monte Carlo; macroéconomie; monnaie; taux d'intérêt; production; inflation

Scattering rates and lifetime of exact and boson excitons

Although excitons are not exact bosons, they are commonly treated as such provided that their composite nature is included in effective scatterings dressed by exchange. We here \emph{prove} that, \emph{whatever these scatterings are}, they cannot give both the scattering rates $T_{ij}^{-1}$ and the exciton lifetime $\tau_0$, correctly: A striking factor 1/2 exists between $\tau_0^{-1}$ and the sum of $T_{ij}^{-1}$'s, which originates from the composite nature of excitons, irretrievably lost when they are bosonized. This result, which appears as very disturbing at first, casts major doubts on bosonization for problems dealing with \emph{interacting} excitons