The Integration Design of “Course, Certificate, Post and Ability” for Software Application Courses Based on CBE

Based on the need to implement the “1+X” system, this article explored the reform and practice of the “course-post-certificate” integrated teaching system for software application courses. Drawing on the CBE competency-based education model, this article analyzed the current problems in software application courses, and proposed reform strategies based on problem-oriented teaching model innovation, curriculum-position alignment, and curriculum-certification integration. Taking the BIM technology course as an example, the implementation plan and effectiveness of the reform were demonstrated in two aspects: Modularization content design and matching learning conditions with job and certificate requirements. Practice has proved the better effect: the acquisition rate of “1+X” BIM certificate has increased from 78% to over 90%, and the passing rate has been greatly improved, which has been widely praised

Research on the Reform of the “Dual-Mode Dual-Track” Talent Cultivation Model for Architecture Majors in Higher Vocational Colleges under the Background of “Quality Improvement and Excellent Cultivation”

Under the background of “quality improvement and excellent cultivation”, the talent training mode of higher vocational colleges has aroused the attention of the society. As the key specialty of many higher vocational colleges, the construction specialty can explore a new professional and technical talent training mode through the implementation of “dual-mode dual-track” talent training mode, and promote the further development of the construction industry. By analyzing the reasons for the reform, this paper draws the reform strategy, hoping to promote the long-term development of higher vocational colleges

Genome-Wide Identification of Early-Firing Human Replication Origins by Optical Replication Mapping [preprint]

The timing of DNA replication is largely regulated by the location and timing of replication origin firing. Therefore, much effort has been invested in identifying and analyzing human replication origins. However, the heterogeneous nature of eukaryotic replication kinetics and the low efficiency of individual origins in metazoans has made mapping the location and timing of replication initiation in human cells difficult. We have mapped early-firing origins in HeLa cells using Optical Replication Mapping, a high-throughput single-molecule approach based on Bionano Genomics genomic mapping technology. The single-molecule nature and 290-fold coverage of our dataset allowed us to identify origins that fire with as little as 1% efficiency. We find sites of human replication initiation in early S phase are not confined to well-defined efficient replication origins, but are instead distributed across broad initiation zones consisting of many inefficient origins. These early-firing initiation zones co-localize with initiation zones inferred from Okazaki-fragment-mapping analysis and are enriched in ORC1 binding sites. Although most early-firing origins fire in early-replication regions of the genome, a significant number fire in late-replicating regions, suggesting that the major difference between origins in early and late replicating regions is their probability of firing in early S-phase, as opposed to qualitative differences in their firing-time distributions. This observation is consistent with stochastic models of origin timing regulation, which explain the regulation of replication timing in yeast

Influences on the Seismic Response of the Gravity Dam-Foundation-Reservoir System with Different Boundary and Input Models

Dynamic dam-foundation interaction is great important in the design and safety assessment of the dam structures. Two classic boundary conditions, i.e., the viscous-spring boundary and the viscous boundary, are employed to consider the radiation damping of the unbounded rock foundation. The input models of seismic excitation of the viscous-spring boundary and the viscous boundary are derived. The accuracy of the two boundary conditions in the dynamic analysis of the dam foundation is verified through the foundation analysis using an impulsive load. The influences of two boundary conditions and their earthquake input models on the seismic analysis of the Pine Flat and Jin’anqiao gravity dam-foundation-reservoir systems are then investigated. The results of displacements, hydrodynamic pressure, and principal stresses show that the agreement between the results of the viscous-spring boundary and viscous boundary is good. The relative errors of the two models in the Pine Flat and Jin’anqiao gravity dams are both less than 5%. They are both acceptable from an engineering point of view

Geochemical and Geochronological Constraints on a Granitoid Containing the Largest Indosinian Tungsten (W) Deposit in South China (SC): Petrogenesis and Implications

Chuankou tungsten (W) ore field, with an estimated WO3 reserve exceeding 300,000 tonnes, is so far the largest Indosinian (Triassic) granite-related W ore field in South China. However, the precise emplacement ages, sources of granitoids, and their relationship with W mineralization are still not well understood. In this research, four main magmatic stages (G-1 to G-4) have been identified in the Chuankou ore field, including G-1 (phase I, biotite monzogranite), G-2 (phase II, two-mica monzogranite), G-3 (phase III, fine-grained granite), and G-4 (phase IV, granite porphyry). LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of zircon grains from granitoids of the Chuankou W ore field yields emplacement ages of 230.8 ± 1.6 Ma, 222.1 ± 0.56 Ma, 203.1 ± 1.6 Ma, and 135.5 ± 2.4 Ma, respectively. Granitoids from the Chuankou ore field contain a large amount of peraluminous minerals such as biotite, musvite, garnet and tourmaline. Geochemically, the granitoids have high Si and Al (A/CNK > 1.1) content but low alkali, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Ca content. Moreover, there is enrichment of Rb, Zr, Hf, Th, and U, but depletions of Ba, Sr, P, and Ti. The granitoids have especially low Zr + Nb + Ce + Y and high Rb/Ba ratios, further indicating a highly fractionated S-type granite affinity with a significant crystal fractionation process in regard to K-feldspar, plagioclase, biotite, Ti-bearing minerals (except rutile), zircon, apatite, allanite, and monazite. Whole-rock εNd(t) and TDM2 values are −10.77 and 2090 Ma for G-1, −9.09 to −7.47 and 1764–1684 Ma for G-2, −10.07 to −6.53 and 1669–1471 Ma for G-3, respectively, indicating that the Chuankou granitoids were derived from two episodes of partial melting of the Paleoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic metamorphic basement. Trace elements within the zircons and whole-rock geochemistry yielded evidence of the close relationship between W mineralization and G-1 and G-2 granitoids of the Chuankou ore field. The batholith of the Chuankou ore field was formed 20–10 Ma later than the peak age of the collisions orogeny and formed in a post-collisional setting

Geology and Geochemistry of Selected Gold Deposits in the Ailaoshan Metallogenic Belt, China: Origin of Ore-Forming Fluids

The formation of the Ailaoshan metallogenic belt was the result of: the Neoproterozoic super mantle plume, the Indosinian and South China blocks in the Late Triassic after the Paleo-Tethys Ocean closure, and Oligocene-Eocene continental-scale shearing related to the India-Eurasia collision. It is one of the most important Cenozoic gold ore province in the world. In this paper, the geological characteristics, isotopic geochemistry, and geochemical data of ore-forming fluids of four large-scale gold deposits in the Ailaoshan metallogenic belt (Mojiang Jinchang, Zhenyuan Laowangzhai, Yuanyang Daping, and Jinping Chang’an) are comprehensively compared. The features of host-rock alteration, metallogenetic periods and stages, geochronology, fluid inclusion, and C-H-O-S-Pb isotopes of gold deposits are summarized and analyzed. The gold mineralization in the Ailaoshan metallogenic belt occurred mostly in 50–30 Ma, belonging to the Himalayan period. The gold mineralization is closely related to silicification, argillation, carbonation, and pyritization due to the strong mineralization of hydrothermal fluid, the development of alteration products, and the inconspicuous spatial zonation of alteration types. The ore-forming fluid is mainly composed of mantle fluid (magmatic water) and metamorphic fluid (metamorphic water). The ore-forming materials of the Jinchang, Chang’an, and Laowangzhai gold deposits mainly originate the host-rock strata of the mining area, and the carbon is more likely to from marine carbonate. The carbon in the Daping gold deposit from the original magma formed by the partial melting of the mantle. Pb isotopes have characteristics of crustal origin, accompanied by mixing of mantle-derived materials and multisource sulfur mixing, and are strongly homogenized

Identifying and Counting Tobacco Plants in Fragmented Terrains Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Images in Beipanjiang, China

Refined tobacco plant information extraction is the basis of efficient yield estimation. Tobacco planting in mountainous plateau areas in China is characterized by scattered distribution, uneven growth, and mixed/intercropping crops. Thus, it is difficult to accurately extract information on the tobacco plants. The study area is Beipanjiang topographic fracture area in China, using the smart phantom 4 Pro v2.0 quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle to collect the images of tobacco planting area in the study area. By screening the visible light band, Excess Green Index, Normalized Green Red Difference Vegetation Index, and Excess Green Minus Excess Red Index were used to obtain the best color index calculation method for tobacco plants. Low-pass filtering was used to enhance tobacco plant information and suppress noise from weeds, corn plants, and rocks. Combined with field measurements of tobacco plant data, the computer interactive interpretation method performed gray-level segmentation on the enhanced image and extracted tobacco plant information. This method is suitable for identifying tobacco plants in mountainous plateau areas. The detection rates of the test and verification areas were 96.61% and 97.69%, and the completeness was 95.66% and 96.53%, respectively. This study can provide fine data support for refined tobacco plantation management in the terrain broken area with large exposed rock area and irregular planting land

Geological and Geochemical Constraints on the Origin of the Sr Mineralization in Huayingshan Ore District, Chongqing, South China

There are many celestine deposits and mineralization points in the Huayingshan ore district which form the largest strontium resource base in China. Among these celestine deposits, the Yuxia and Xinglong are two of the larger deposits. Previous studies have displayed different views on the genesis of the celestine deposit in the Huayingshan ore district. In this study, we conducted field obversions, geochemistry, and fluid inclusion studies to investigate the sources of ore-forming matters and the metallogenic mechanism of the celestine deposit. Four types of fluid inclusion (FI), namely PL (pure liquid FI), PV (pure vapor FI), L-V (liquid-vapor two-phase FI), and L-V-S (liquid-vapor-solid three-phase FI) have been identified in celestine from different types of ore in the Xishan anticline. The ore-forming fluids belong to the NaCl-H2 O system with moderate to low temperature (190–220 °C) and moderate salinity (5–9 wt%, NaCl equiv.). Different types of ores were formed by the same period of hydrothermal activity, which is supported by the results of the microthermometer study. Geological, thermometric data, and published hydrogen and oxygen isotope results indicate that the hot brines associated with mineralization mainly originated from meteoric water and some of diagenetic fluid. The Sr (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7076–0.7078) and S (δ34S = 36.4–39.0) isotope values of celestine are consistent with those of the Jialingjiang Formation, indicating that ore metals in hot brines were predominantly derived from that formation. In situ analysis of celestine shows that there is a strong negative correlation between Sr and CaO (R2 = 0.95) and combined with mineralogical and isotope geochemical evidence, we concluded that the precipitation mechanism of celestine is the replacement of gypsum with Sr-rich hot brines. Based on the above research and the classification of celestine deposit type, we classified the celestine deposits in Huayingshan as being of hydrothermal type. The formation of celestine deposits can be divided into three periods: (1) evaporation period, forming the source bed; (2) hydrothermal activity period, forming celestine by replacement of gypsum with Sr-rich hot brines; (3) supergene period, where meteoric water dissolves orebodies and strontianization occurs

Identifying and Counting Tobacco Plants in Fragmented Terrains Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Images in Beipanjiang, China

Refined tobacco plant information extraction is the basis of efficient yield estimation. Tobacco planting in mountainous plateau areas in China is characterized by scattered distribution, uneven growth, and mixed/intercropping crops. Thus, it is difficult to accurately extract information on the tobacco plants. The study area is Beipanjiang topographic fracture area in China, using the smart phantom 4 Pro v2.0 quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle to collect the images of tobacco planting area in the study area. By screening the visible light band, Excess Green Index, Normalized Green Red Difference Vegetation Index, and Excess Green Minus Excess Red Index were used to obtain the best color index calculation method for tobacco plants. Low-pass filtering was used to enhance tobacco plant information and suppress noise from weeds, corn plants, and rocks. Combined with field measurements of tobacco plant data, the computer interactive interpretation method performed gray-level segmentation on the enhanced image and extracted tobacco plant information. This method is suitable for identifying tobacco plants in mountainous plateau areas. The detection rates of the test and verification areas were 96.61% and 97.69%, and the completeness was 95.66% and 96.53%, respectively. This study can provide fine data support for refined tobacco plantation management in the terrain broken area with large exposed rock area and irregular planting land

Mineralization Epochs of Granitic Rare-Metal Pegmatite Deposits in the Songpan–Ganzê Orogenic Belt and Their Implications for Orogeny

Granitic pegmatite deposits, which are usually products of orogenic processes during plate convergence, can be used to demonstrate regional tectonic evolution processes. In the eastern Tibetan Plateau in China, the Jiajika, Dahongliutan, Xuebaoding, Zhawulong, and Ke’eryin rare metal pegmatite deposits are located in the southern, western, northern, midwestern, and central areas of the Songpan−Ganzê orogenic belt, respectively. In this study, we dated two muscovite Ar−Ar ages of 189.4 ± 1.1 Ma and 187.0 ± 1.1 Ma from spodumene pegmatites of the Dahongliutan deposit. We also dated one zircon U-Pb age of 211.6 ± 5.2 Ma from muscovite granite, two muscovite Ar−Ar ages of 179.6 ± 1.0 Ma and 174.3 ± 0.9 Ma, and one columbite−tantalite U-Pb age of 204.5 ± 1.8 Ma from spodumene pegmatites of the Zhawulong deposit. In addition, we dated one muscovite Ar−Ar age of 159.0 ± 1.4 Ma from spodumene pegmatite of the Ke’eryin deposit. Combining these ages and previous studies in chronology, we concluded that the granitic magma in the Jiajika, Xuebaoding, Dahongliutan, Zhawulong, and Ke’eryin deposits intruded into Triassic metaturbidites at approximately 223, 221, 220−217, 212, and 207−205 Ma, respectively, and that the crystallization of the corresponding pegmatite ceased at approximately 199−196, 195−190, 189−187, 180−174, and 159 Ma, respectively. In this study, we demonstrated that the peak in magmatic activity and the final crystallization age of the pegmatite lagged behind one another from the outer areas of the orogeny belt to the inner areas. The pegmatite−parented granitic magmas were sourced from Triassic metaturbidites that were melted by shear heating along the large-scale decollement resulting from Indosinian collisions along the North China block, Qiangtang−Changdu block, and Yangtze block. As a result, the above temporal and spatial regularities indicated that the tectonic−thermal stress resulting from the collisions of three blocks was transferred from the outer areas of the orogenic belt to the inner areas. A large amount of heat and a slow cooling rate at the convergent center of thermal stress in two directions will lead to crystallization and differentiation of magma in the Songpan−Ganzê orogenic belt, forming additional rare metal deposits