Діяльність Жоржа Бюффона як передумова появи еволюційної теорії

У статті висвітлюється внесок Ж. Бюффона у становлення та розвиток еволюційної теорії. Зазначається, що вчений доказував, що еволюція – це відродження. Бюффон так і не зміг звільнитися від ессенціалізму. Врешті-решт він повернувся до ідеї постійності видів. Він став доводити, що хоча види і піддаються змінам, то лише небагато, і один вид походити від іншого просто не може

Діяльність Жоржа Бюффона як передумова появи еволюційної теорії

The article highlights the contribution of G. Buffon in the formation and development of evolutionary theory. It is noted, that the scientist proved that evolution is a rebirth. Buffon could not get rid of the essentialism.Finally, he returned to the idea of permanence of species. He began to argue, that although the species are exposed to change then only a little, and one species simply cannot originate from other.В статье освещается вклад Ж. Бюффона в становление и развитие эволюционной теории. Отмечается, что ученый досказывал, что эволюция – это возрождение. Бюффон так и не смог освободиться от эссенциализма. В конце концов он вернулся к идее постоянства видов. Он стал доказывать, что хотя виды и поддаются изменениям, то лишь немного, и один вид происходить от другого просто не может.У статті висвітлюється внесок Ж. Бюффона у становлення та розвиток еволюційної теорії. Зазначається, що вчений доказував, що еволюція – це відродження. Бюффон так і не зміг звільнитися від ессенціалізму. Врешті-решт він повернувся до ідеї постійності видів. Він став доводити, що хоча види і піддаються змінам, то лише небагато, і один вид походити від іншого просто не може

Study of Environmentally Friendly Arc Extinguishing Media as Alternatives to Sf6 in High-Voltage Circuit Breakers

Работа посвящена сравнению характеристик элегаза и альтернативных экологичных ему смесей в качестве изоляционных сред в высоковольтных выключателях. Произведен сравнительный анализ диэлектрических и дугогасящих свойств газов по основным физическим характеристикам выбрана наиболее перспективная смесь C4F7N/CO2. Выполнен аналитический расчёт изоляционных промежутков и газодинамических характеристик для элегаза и его альтернативы. Произведён численный расчет электрических полей исследуемых газов для колонкового высоковольтного выключателя ВГТ-110.The paper is devoted to comparing the characteristics of SF6 and alternative environmentally friendly mixtures as insulating media in high-voltage circuit breakers. A comparative analysis of the dielectric and arc-extinguishing properties of gases was carried out according to the main physical characteristics ¬ the most promising mixture C4F7N/CO2 was chosen. An analytical calculation of insulation gaps and gas-dynamic characteristics for SF6 and its alternative has been performed. A numerical calculation of the electric fields for the live-tank circuit breaker VGT-110 with insulation media under study was carried out

Studying the genetic structure of Quercus robur forest stands on anthropogenically transformed territories using introns of the β-tubulin gene

Based on the analysis of the intron polymorphism of β-tubulin genes, the genetic variability of old Quercus robur L. trees from “Holosiivsky” NPP was investigated. The genotyping of 55 old Q. robur trees was carried out; 40 polymorphic and one monomorphic (about 880 bp) TBR fragments were found. High frequency (70–90%) of occurrence of fragments with an approximate molecular weight of 275, 490, 500, and 1110 bp was observed.The genetic polymorphism of old Q. robur trees was assessed as quite high: РІС is 0.22 – 0.39, the effective number of alleles per locus was 1.174–1.268. The Shannon information index was in the range of 0.204–0.269.The geographical differentiation of the genetic structure of centuries-old oak trees from “Holosiivsky” NPP was not pronounced. The share of inter-selection genetic variability (AMOVA) accounts for about 6% of genetic variability, and the geographic component – about 1%. Around 93% of genetic variability is concentrated on the individual level. Using the ТВР method, we found that Q. robur forest stands do not have a stabilized genetic and visible spatial structure, but at the same time they possess a sufficiently large genetic diversity. The absence of a spatial genetic structure may indicate the artificial origin of Q. robur trees from different seed materials, and also that a small number of the plants have survived to this time. In this case, the main influence on the structure of oak stands in “Holosiivsky” NPP was from anthropogenic factors, both in the form of cutting down trees and, possibly, the introduction of alien seed material

Bovine leukemia virus discovered in human blood

Abstract Background Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection is widespread in cattle globally and is present in marketed beef and dairy products. Human infection with BLV has been reported in breast and lung cancer tissues and was significantly associated with breast cancer in 3 case-control studies. The purpose of this current research was to determine if BLV is present in human blood cells and if antibodies to BLV are related to blood cell infection. Methods Standard liquid PCR and Sanger DNA sequencing were used to test for BLV in buffy coat cells (leukocytes and platelets) of blood specimens from 95 self-selected female subjects. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgG, IgM, and IgA was used to detect antibodies to BLV in the plasma of the corresponding blood samples. Results BLV DNA was detected in the buffy coat cells of blood in 33/95 (38%) of the subjects by PCR and DNA sequencing. IgG antibodies were detected in 30/95(32%), IgM in 55/95(58%), and IgA in 30/95(32%) of the subjects. There was no significant correlation between presence of the antibodies and presence of BLV DNA. Conclusions This first report of BLV in human blood raises the question of whether infection of leukocytes could conceivably lead to leukemia as it does in infected cattle. Also, system wide circulation of infected blood cells could facilitate BLV transit to various internal tissues/organs with potential for their infection and subsequent development of cancer. The most likely route of BLV transmission to humans would be zoonotic, as a foodborne infection. Although eradicated from cattle in some countries, BLV still has a high rate of infection in the Americas, the Middle East, and parts of Europe and Asia. This report of BLV in the blood layer containing human leukocytes/platelets adds important information which could be useful to elucidate possible routes of transmission of BLV to humans and to prevent further human infection.https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/148517/1/12879_2019_Article_3891.pd

Cholera in Azov area

The purpose of research is analysis of clinical course and treatment results of patients with cholera in the Azov area. Materials and methods. During the period from 29.05.2011 to 19.08.2011 33 cases of cholera (32 adults and 1 child) and 25 vibrio carriers (22 adults and 3 children), which were caused by toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholera El Tor serogroup O1 Ogawa. Results. Likely factors of disease transmission in Mariupol are sea and river water, and the fish that were caught in the waters of the city. Typical and watery diarrhoea, vomiting, abdominal pain and lack of normal body temperature, dehydration syndrome, characterized clinical cholera for adults in most cases. The mean duration of diarrhoea was 6,6 days. At 46.9% observed atypical symptoms in 10 (31,3%) – abdominal pain (1 patient cramping in 7 cases, localized in the epigastria region, at 2-over stomach). In 5 patients (15,6%) had an increase in body temperature to 37,2–37,7 degrees Celsius. In 15 (46,9%) patients had severe nausea accompanied by vomiting. Easy for cholera was observed in 1 (3.1%), moderate – in 14 (43,8%), heavy – in 17 (53,1%) patients. Dehydration I level is set at 4 (12,5%), II – from 6 (18,7%), III – in 18 (56,3%), IV – 4 (12,5%) patients. Cholera outbreak was characterized by a predominance of severe disease and severe dehydration (III and IV), which was observed in 68.8% of patients. The decisive factor in the treatment of cholera patients was initiated in a timely manner rehydration therapy, in particular the introduction of the solution «Trisol». Against the background of rehydration therapy hyperkalaemia was observed in 9,4% of cases, vascular rehydration at 9,4%, the cell rehydration in 3,1% of patients. Fatal accidents cholera outbreaks have not been observed. Conclusion. Clinical diagnosis of cholera and the provision of medical care in the prehospital phase were poor, indicating the need for systematic conducting training seminars among experts of ambulance, as well as doctors of primary medical network. Cholera hospitals (or base hospitals) must be equipped with a mobile diagnostics (ultrasound, X-rays) and modern laboratory equipment. The required list of drug supply cholera hospitals should be expanded in view of possible complications and comorbidities

Клинические случаи рецидивирующей бубонной и легочной форм туляремии

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Холера в Приазовье

The purpose of research is analysis of clinical course and treatment results of patients with cholera in the Azov area. Materials and methods. During the period from 29.05.2011 to 19.08.2011 33 cases of cholera (32 adults and 1 child) and 25 vibrio carriers (22 adults and 3 children), which were caused by toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholera El Tor serogroup O1 Ogawa. Results. Likely factors of disease transmission in Mariupol are sea and river water, and the fish that were caught in the waters of the city. Typical and watery diarrhoea, vomiting, abdominal pain and lack of normal body temperature, dehydration syndrome, characterized clinical cholera for adults in most cases. The mean duration of diarrhoea was 6,6 days. At 46.9% observed atypical symptoms in 10 (31,3%) – abdominal pain (1 patient cramping in 7 cases, localized in the epigastria region, at 2-over stomach). In 5 patients (15,6%) had an increase in body temperature to 37,2–37,7 degrees Celsius. In 15 (46,9%) patients had severe nausea accompanied by vomiting. Easy for cholera was observed in 1 (3.1%), moderate – in 14 (43,8%), heavy – in 17 (53,1%) patients. Dehydration I level is set at 4 (12,5%), II – from 6 (18,7%), III – in 18 (56,3%), IV – 4 (12,5%) patients. Cholera outbreak was characterized by a predominance of severe disease and severe dehydration (III and IV), which was observed in 68.8% of patients. The decisive factor in the treatment of cholera patients was initiated in a timely manner rehydration therapy, in particular the introduction of the solution «Trisol». Against the background of rehydration therapy hyperkalaemia was observed in 9,4% of cases, vascular rehydration at 9,4%, the cell rehydration in 3,1% of patients. Fatal accidents cholera outbreaks have not been observed. Conclusion. Clinical diagnosis of cholera and the provision of medical care in the prehospital phase were poor, indicating the need for systematic conducting training seminars among experts of ambulance, as well as doctors of primary medical network. Cholera hospitals (or base hospitals) must be equipped with a mobile diagnostics (ultrasound, X-rays) and modern laboratory equipment. The required list of drug supply cholera hospitals should be expanded in view of possible complications and comorbidities.Цель исследования – анализ клинического течения и результатов лечения больных холерой в Приазовье. Материалы и методы. За период с 29.05.2011 г. по 19.08.2011 г. зарегистрировано 33 случая заболевания холерой (32 взрослых и 1 ребенок) и 25 вибрионосителей (22 взрослых и 3 детей), которые были вызваны токсигенными штаммами холерного вибриона Эль-Тор серогруппы O1 Огава. Результаты. Вероятными факторами передачи заболевания в г. Мариуполе являлись морская и речная вода, а также рыба, которая была выловлена в акватории города. Клиническое течение холеры у взрослых в большинстве случаев было типичным и характеризовалось водянистой диареей, рвотой, отсутствием болей в животе, нормальной температурой тела, синдромом обезвоживания. Средняя продолжительность диареи составила 6,6 суток. У 46,9% наблюдались нетипичные симптомы: у 10 (31,3%) – боль в животе (у 1 больного схваткообразная, в 7 случаях локализовалась в эпигастральной области, у 2 – по всему животу). У 5 пациентов (15,6%) отмечено повышение температуры тела до 37,2–37,7 °С. У 15 (46,9%) пациентов рвота сопровождалась выраженной тошнотой. Легкое течение холеры отмечено у 1 (3,1%), средней тяжести – у 14 (43,8%), тяжелое – у 17 (53,1%) больных. Дегидратация I степени установлена у 4 (12,5%), II – у 6 (18,7%), III – у 18 (56,3%), IV – у 4 (12,5%) пациентов. Вспышка холеры характеризовалась преобладанием тяжелых форм болезни и выраженной дегидратацией (III и IV степени), которая отмечена у 68,8% больных. Решающим фактором в терапии больных холерой была своевременно начатая регидратационная терапия, в частности, введение раствора «Трисоль». На фоне регидратационной терапии наблюдали гиперкалиемию в 9,4% случаев, сосудистую гипергидратацию у 9,4%, клеточную гипергидратацию у 3,1% больных. Летальные случаи на вспышке холеры не наблюдались. Заключение. Клиническая диагностика холеры и оказание лечебной помощи на догоспитальном этапе были неудовлетворительными, что свидетельствует о необходимости систематического проведения учебно-зачетных семинаров среди специалистов СМП, а также врачей первичной врачебной сети. Холерные госпитали (или базовые лечебные учреждения) должны быть оснащены передвижной диагностической (УЗИ, рентген) и современной лабораторной аппаратурой. Необходимый перечень лекарственного обеспечения холерных госпиталей следует расширить с учетом возможных осложнений и сопутствующих заболеваний.