Intervention Effects follow from Scope Rigidity in Turkish

Intervention effects in Turkish wh-questions can be obviated by the overt movement of the wh-phrase past the intervener. This cross-linguistically robust method of intervention obviation raises an important question: what is it that bans the covert movement of the wh-phrase? I argue that this question finds a natural answer in Scope Rigidity, a general restriction on the availability of inverse scope. Importantly, including wh-phrases in the domain of Scope Rigidity calls for a scopal account of wh-phrases. I argue that this general approach has welcome consequences in explaining the source of intervention effects and in predicting what can intervene, and can even accommodate how extraction islands containing wh-phrases behave in intervention configurations

A Paradigm Gap in Turkish

In this paper, we argue that Turkish has a gap in the third person plural cell of the person-number agreement paradigm of desiderative constructions formed with the -AsI suffix. We provide evidence for this claim from a corpus search and an acceptability judgment experiment. The corpus search shows that the third person plural suffix is virtually unattested with -AsI desideratives and the results of the experiment show that the third person plural suffix significantly reduces the acceptability of -AsI desideratives. In order to account for the observation that third person plural desideratives are unacceptable for most speakers, we argue that both negative evidence and competition accounts contribute to the existence and persistence of the gap. We discuss that competition accounts are supported by the presence of two competing forms whereas negative evidence accounts are supported by the anomalous relative frequency distribution in the paradigm of desideratives

Modifying result states in Turkish

This study investigates the properties of a durative modifier that exclusively targets result states in Turkish. We call this modifier RSM, standing for Result State Modifier. What is peculiar about RSM is that it can express the actual duration of a result state, as well as a non-actual duration for an actual result state. Our goal is to describe the conditions under which these two interpretations are licensed and to provide a compositional analysis of how these interpretations are derived. We argue that dispositions play a key role in the way RSM can describe a non-actual duration for an actual result state

Hypothetical Comparison in Turkish

In this paper, we present a preliminary investigation of the complex formative -mışcasına in Turkish, used for hypothetical comparison. We observe that -mışcasına differs from its counterparts in previously studied hypothetical comparison constructions in one key aspect: It can naturally target non-eventive nominal predicates. Furthermore, we find that -mışcasına is primarily licensed in linguistic contexts that make a gradable property available. Building on these initial empirical observations, we flesh out a novel account of hypothetical comparison that makes use of a well-established formalism of degree semantics and semantics of equatives, eschewing the intricate notion of event similarity which is central to previous accounts. In particular, we argue that -mışcasına compares an actual degree against hypothetical degrees, asserting that the actual degree is greater than or equal to any of the hypothetical degrees

*ABA in Romeyka Verbal Paradigms

In this work, we analyze present-tense and past-tense paradigms in Romeyka, an understudied Indo-European language belonging to the Hellenic sub-branch, spoken mainly in the Trabzon province in Turkey. We argue for decomposing the endings in the plural forms based on the regularities across present and past tense paradigms. While the proposed decomposition is empirically motivated, it leads to a theoretical challenge known in the literature as *ABA pattern, which has been extensively argued to be non-existent in morphology (e.g., Caha, 2009; Bobaljik, 2012; Middleton, 2020). We demonstrate this challenge for Nanosyntax (Starke, 2009), which predicts that syncretism will only be possible for structurally contiguous features. In an attempt to address this puzzle, we develop an account which relies on the idea that languages may differ in whether they single out the Speaker or the Addressee features in building first and second-person structures. Accordingly, the *ABA in Romeyka dissolves into a predicted pattern where the syncretism is the non-offending AAB pattern

Fonksiyonel Derecelendirilmiş TiB2/Al Kompozitlerin Üretimi Üzerine Bir Çalışma

Bu çalışmada, Fonksiyonel derecelendirilmiş TiB2/Al kompozitlerin savurma döküm tekniği ile üretimi ve özelliklerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. TiB2 takviye fazı, sıvı alüminyum içerisinde in-situ tekniği ile kendiliğinden oluşturulmuştur. Savurma döküm tekniğinden faydalanılarak kompozitler fonksiyonel olarak derecelendirilmiş ve son şekilleri verilmiştir. Üretilen kompozitlerin özellikleri, optik mikroskobu, SEM, XRD, yoğunluk ve sertlik analizleri kullanılarak detaylandırılmıştır. Çalışmada Al-Ti-B sistemi kullanılarak alüminyum matris içerinde in-situ tekniği ile TiB2 borür yapılarının sentezlene bildiğini görülmüştür. Aynı zamanda kompozit malzemelerin savurma kuvveti yönünden mikro yapı özelliklerinin değiştiği ve bu değişime bağılı olarak kompozitlerin yoğunluk ve sertlik değerlerinde önemli bir değişim tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar aynı zamanda alüminyum matrise %19 TiB2 ilavesi ile %83’lük, %12 TiB2 ilavesi ile de %50’lik sertlik artışı sağladığını göstermiştir

Lessons from pied-piping in wh-questions

Thesis: Ph. D. in Linguistics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 187-195).It is widely assumed that both the movement-based theory of scope and the scope-based theory of intensionality fall short in the face of empirical challenges like 'exceptional' scope out of extraction islands and the possibility of transparent/de re construals for DPs inside extraction islands. The standard response to these challenges consists in assuming that grammar makes available in-situ methods of scope-taking in addition to movement- (e.g. pointwise composition (Hamblin, 1973; Kratzer and Shimoyama, 2002; Cable, 2010), choice functions (Reinhart, 1997, 1998)) and adopting a richer representation of intensionality (e.g. in-situ binding of world/situation-denoting pronouns (Percus, 2000)). This thesis argues that a closer study of pied-piping in wh-questions reveals the true power of already-existing tools in grammar. Building on the important insight that more complex scope-takers can be recursively built (Dayal, 1994; Charlow, 2017), I advance the idea that grammar makes crucial use of pied-piping to generate meanings that would otherwise be unavailable. I argue that with pied-piping in its toolbox, grammar may not need in-situ methods of scope-taking and in-situ methods of assigning DPs a transparent/de re construal.by Ömer Demirok.Ph. D. in LinguisticsPh.D.inLinguistics Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Linguistics and Philosoph

Fonksiyonel Derecelendirilmiş TiB2/Al Kompozitlerin Üretimi Üzerine Bir Çalışma

Bu çalışmada, Fonksiyonel derecelendirilmiş TiB2/Al kompozitlerin savurma döküm tekniği ile üretimi ve özelliklerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. TiB2 takviye fazı, sıvı alüminyum içerisinde in-situ tekniği ile kendiliğinden oluşturulmuştur. Savurma döküm tekniğinden faydalanılarak kompozitler fonksiyonel olarak derecelendirilmiş ve son şekilleri verilmiştir. Üretilen kompozitlerin özellikleri, optik mikroskobu, SEM, XRD, yoğunluk ve sertlik analizleri kullanılarak detaylandırılmıştır. Çalışmada Al-Ti-B sistemi kullanılarak alüminyum matris içerinde in-situ tekniği ile TiB2 borür yapılarının sentezlene bildiğini görülmüştür. Aynı zamanda kompozit malzemelerin savurma kuvveti yönünden mikro yapı özelliklerinin değiştiği ve bu değişime bağılı olarak kompozitlerin yoğunluk ve sertlik değerlerinde önemli bir değişim tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar aynı zamanda alüminyum matrise %19 TiB2 ilavesi ile %83’lük, %12 TiB2 ilavesi ile de %50’lik sertlik artışı sağladığını göstermiştir