Comparison of Randomized Solutions for Constrained Vehicle Routing Problem

In this short paper, we study the capacity-constrained vehicle routing problem (CVRP) and its solution by randomized Monte Carlo methods. For solving CVRP we use some pseudorandom number generators commonly used in practice. We use linear, multiple-recursive, inversive, and explicit inversive congruential generators and obtain random numbers from each to provide a route for CVRP. Then we compare the performance of pseudorandom number generators with respect to the total time the random route takes. We also constructed an open-source library github.com/iedmrc/binary-cws-mcs on solving CVRP by Monte-Carlo based heuristic methods.Comment: 6 pages, 2nd International Conference on Electrical, Communication and Computer Engineering (ICECCE), 12-13 June 2020, Istanbul, Turke

Tuhfe-i Vehbi: Transcribed text, analysis, dictionary, facsimile

Türk sözlükçülük geleneğinde oldukça önemli bir yer teşkil eden manzum sözlükler; öğrenim çağına gelmiş çocukların, Türkçe kelimelerin Arapça ve Farsça karşılıklarını, temel dilbilgisi kurallarını, vezinleri kolayca öğrenebilmelerini veya ezberleyebilmelerini sağlamak amacıyla kaleme alınmış, edebî değerlerinden ziyade öğretici özellikleriyle ön plana çıkan eserlerdir. Klasik anlamda dil öğretiminde bir ders kitabı görevi gören manzum sözlükler, nazmın cazip olması, vezinler sayesinde kolayca okunmaları ve tekrar yoluyla kolayca ezberlenmeleri hususiyetiyle oldukça fazla ilgi görmüşlerdir.Manzum sözlükler, didaktik yönü ağır basan eserler olmakla beraber, sıbyan mekteplerinde ders kitabı olarak okutulmuş ve sonraları bu tarz sözlüklerin birçoğuna şerhler yapılmıştır.Klasik edebiyatımızda oldukça önemli bir yer teşkil eden manzum sözlüklerden biri de Sünbülz?de Vehbî'nin Tuhfe-i Vehbî adlı eseridir. Bu eser müellifin adını duyuran en önemli eseri olarak telakki edilmiştir.Tuhfe-i Vehbî, sahip olduğu içeriği ve yazıldığı dönem itibarı ile yarattığı etki bakımından, Klasik edebiyatımızda manzum sözlükler açısından ilk sıralarda yer almaktadır.Bizim açımızdan Tuhfe-i Vehbî'nin elimizde bulunan ve H.1219/M.1803 yılına ait olan nüshasının dil özellikleri ve yazılış biçimi, çalışmamızın temelini teşkil etmektedir. Özellikle sözlükte yer alan Türkçe kelimeler ve bu kelimelere getirilen ekler; eklerin o devirdeki durumları bizim çalışmamız açısından oldukça önemlidir.Kısaca biz bu çalışmamızda, eserde bulunan kelimelerin bir nevi tahlilini yapmaya gayret ettik. Bu tahlil çalışmasında kelimelere getirilen ekler ayrı ayrı gösterilmiş ve çalışmamızın `Dizin' kısmında yer almıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Manzum Sözlük, Tuhfe-i Vehbî, Dil İncelemesiDictionaries written in verse, which have an important place in the tradition of lexicography of Turkish dictionaries, are pieces of work that aim to teach students of learning age the equivalent words of Turkish words in Arabic and Persian, grammar rules, literary meters. They are considered as a means of teaching rather than those enjoyed for literary values. Being a means of language teaching in classical terms, they have been show interest because of the fact that verse style is more appealing, they are easier to read and to memorize due to its rhytmic nature.Aside from being a work of didactic nature, they were taught as coursebooks in Ottoman primary schools and annotations were later added to many of these books.One of the most important dictionaries in verse in the Ottoman Classical Literature was written by Sünbülz?de Vehbî titled ?Tuhfe-i Vehbî?, which made a name for himself. Tuhfe-i Vehbî ranks among the top dictionaries in the Ottoman Classical Literature because of its content and the impact it had considering the age it was written.This study deals with the language characteristics and writing style of the copy of the abovementioned dictionary published in H.1219/M.1803. It is important to state that especially the Turkish words and the affixes in the dictionary play a vital role in our study.To sum up, we endeavoured to do an analysis on the words in the dictionary in this study. The affixes are shown separately and placed in the ?index? of this study.Key Words: Verse Dictionary, Tuhfe-i Vehbî, Language Analysi

Time-plan optimization with genetic algorithm for regain of energy from train tracks

Bu makalede, Metro İstanbul araçlarından zaman planı uyarlanarak maksimum enerji kazanımının optimize edilmesine yönelik araştırma sonuçları paylaşılmıştır. Yeniden enerji kazanımı (rejeneratif enerji), elektromanyetik frenleme yapan trenlerin ürettiği enerjiyi hatta hareket etmeye hazır durumunda bulunan diğer trenlere aktarması prensibine dayanmaktadır. Yeniden enerji kazanımı elde etmenin en etkili yollarından birisi, trenlerin istasyonlarda bekleme sürelerinde düzenleme yaparak zaman-planı en iyileştirmesinin gerçekleştirilmesidir. Bu oldukça karışık ve elle yapılması mümkün olmayan bir NP problemi olduğundan bu çalışmada bekleme sürelerini bulmak için genetik algoritma kullanılmıştır. Genetik algoritmalar, evrimsel sürece benzer şekilde çalışan arama ve en iyileştirme yöntemidir. Bu yöntem çok boyutlu ve karmaşık uzayda en iyinin hayatta kalması ilkesine göre en iyi çözümü aramaya dayanır. Her tekrar sonunda en iyi birkaç elit birey bir sonraki nesle aktarılmıştır. Her tekrarda toplam birey sayısı sabit tutulmuş, diğer bireyler ise elit bireylerin çaprazlanması sonucu veya rastgele üretilmesiyle oluşturulmuştur. Agresif mutasyon işlemi, istasyon bekleme sürelerindeki değişimin sıfıra eşit olmadığı durumlarda uygulanmıştır. Yapılan simülasyon sonucunda, genetik algoritma ile elde edilen yeni bekleme süreleriyle trenlerin hızlanma ve frenleme anlarındaki örtüşme, referans çalışmaya göre %26 civarında daha iyi sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Referans çalışmada %60 oranında olan trenlerin örtüşme anları bu çalışma ile %76‘ya kadar çıkartılmıştır.In this article, the research results for optimizing the maximum energy gain are shared by adapting the time plan of Metro Istanbul vehicles.Regenerative energy recovery is based on the principle that energy produced by the trains which make electromagnetic brake is transferred to the other trains that are ready to move. One of the ways to re-energize is to arrange the waiting times of the trains at the stations and to realize the time-plan optimization. Genetic algorithm was used to find station dwell times.Genetic algorithms are search and optimization methods that work similarly to the evolutionary process. This method is based on seeking the best solution according to the principle of survival of the best in multi-dimensional and complex space. At the end of each repetition, several of the best elite individuals were transferred to the next generation.Foreach repetition, the number of society individuals has been kept constant, while other individuals have been formed by crossing elite individuals or producing them randomly. Aggressive mutation was applied in cases where the change in station waiting times was not equal to zero. Result in of the simulation, around 26% better results compared to the reference study was obtained

Does Maintaining Apical Patency during Instrumentation Increase Postoperative Pain or Flare-up Rate after Nonsurgical Root Canal Treatment? A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials

WOS: 000441482400004PubMed ID: 29935875Introduction: The concept of maintaining apical patency (AP) is a controversial issue in endodontics. The primary objectives of this systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were to determine the influence of maintaining AP during instrumentation on postoperative pain severity and the prevalence of flare-ups. A second objective was to assess the effect of maintaining AP on the use of analgesics. Methods: RCTs and controlled clinical trials were searched for in MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), and the Cochrane Library. Four reviewers independently screened all identified articles for eligibility. The included studies were assessed for bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to rate the quality of the body of evidence. Because of the considerable heterogeneity of the studies, a meta analysis was not possible. Therefore, the results were analyzed narratively. Results: Five RCTs that included a total of 848 patients were found eligible and included in the review. An assessment of the risk of bias in the included studies provided results that classified the studies as showing a low risk (n = 1), high risk (n = 1), or unclear risk (n = 3) of bias. The available evidence indicated that maintaining AP (1) did not increase postoperative pain in teeth with nonvital pulp, (2) did not increase postoperative pain in teeth with vital pulp, and (3) did not cause (0%) flare-ups. The available evidence also indicated that maintaining AP did not increase analgesic use. The available evidence indicated that maintaining AP did not increase postoperative pain when a single-visit or 2-visit root canal treatment approach was used. Conclusions: In light of the current evidence, maintaining AP does not increase postoperative pain in teeth with vital/nonvital pulp when compared with nonapical patency (low to moderate quality evidence). Furthermore, maintaining AP did not cause flare-ups (low evidence) and did not increase analgesic use (moderate evidence)

CD5 as a prognostic marker in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a multicenter study

© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and comprises a heterogeneous group of disease. While classification of B-cell lymphomas has been evolving to include clonality in a specific manner, morphology, and immunohistochemistry remain the backbone. We aimed to evaluate the value of CD5 expression on disease characteristics as well as prognosis in patients with DLBCL. Data of 131 patients with DLBCL with CD5 positivity and as a comparison arm, data of 129 patients with DLBCL without CD5 positivity were evaluated. Mean age was 59 and 55.7% of the patients were male. Overall survival was 29.8 months. Poor prognostic factors including (high-LDH levels, B symptoms, low ECOG score, high R-IPI and NCCN-IPI score) were observed to be significantly related with CD5 positivity. Mean survival in CD5 positive patients were 29.8 months, which is significantly shorter than the general DLBCL survival worldwide. CD5 expression shall be evaluated in all samples of DLBCL patients due to its possible effects on outcomes

Body mass index and complications following major gastrointestinal surgery: a prospective, international cohort study and meta-analysis

Aim Previous studies reported conflicting evidence on the effects of obesity on outcomes after gastrointestinal surgery. The aims of this study were to explore the relationship of obesity with major postoperative complications in an international cohort and to present a meta-analysis of all available prospective data