Slogan ve dualı cenaze töreni

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya No: 34/A-Mina UrganUnutma İstanbul projesi İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı'nın 2016 yılı "Yenilikçi ve Yaratıcı İstanbul Mali Destek Programı" kapsamında desteklenmiştir. Proje No: TR10/16/YNY/010

The protection of human biodata:Is there any role for data ownership?

In the area of human biodata governance, one of the most pressing questions is how to address the tension between fostering innovation and protecting the fundamental rights and freedoms that arise from the development, deployment, and use of AI and data processing. On the one hand, data collected and stored in biobanks hold great promise, particularly for improving health care. However, the improper handling of these vast amounts of biodata also raises unresolved legal and ethical issues. This article aims to contribute to the debate on the protection of human biodata by examining the EU acquis on data ownership and questioning whether there is any role for data ownership. On the basis of de lege lata, this paper argues that there is no such ownership protection for human biodata, but there are some indications. On the basis of de lege feranda, through a doctrinal legal analysis, it argues that biodata should not be subject to general ownership rights without a specific justification demonstrating the need for ownership of data from an economic and social perspective.</p

Human Biodata Governance:Addressing the Tension Between Innovation and Protection Through DPIAs

In the area of human biodata governance, one of the most pressing questions is how to address the trade-off between promoting innovation and safeguarding the fundamental rights and freedoms that arise from the development, deployment, and use of AI and data processing. This paper considers that this trade-off poses a dilemma and raises the question of how to achieve governance that promotes biotechnological innovation and research while protecting the fundamental rights and values of individuals and groups. The aim of this paper is to explore regulatory instruments in the EU data protection law that can strike a balance between innovation and protection in the governance of human biodata. To this end, it focuses on meta-regulation as a regulatory technique and examines data protection impact assessment (DPIA) as a method for addressing the tension between innovation and protection. Based on doctrinal legal analysis, it argues that while DPIA is a useful instrument to seek a solution in this dilemma, further reflection and clarification are needed to improve the methods of conducting the impact assessment

Characterization of bacteriocin production in lactic asid bacteria isolated from fermented dairy products

Gelişen teknolojiyle birlikte tükettiğimiz gıdaların güvenilirliğine verilen önem de artmaktadır. Kontrollü mikroflora ve/veya antibakteriyel madde kullanımı ile uzun raf ömrü ve güvenli gıda üretimi sağlama olanağı sunulmaktadır. Laktik asit bakterileri (LAB) ya da bu bakterilerin ürettikleri bakteriyosin gibi maddeler güvenli ve doğal olmaları nedeniyle gıda üretiminde patojenlere karşı inhibitör olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu sebeple LAB'nde bakteriyosin üretimi ile ilgili çalışmalar giderek daha fazla ilgi görmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Aydın Merkez'de yer alan mandıra, market, halk pazarlarından ve ev yapımı şeklinde alınan fermente süt ürünlerinden izole edilmiş Enterococcus (% 13,76), Lactococcus (% 18,84) ve Lactobacillus (% 67,39) cinslerine ait 138 LAB kullanılmıştır ve bakteriyosin taraması ve bakteriyosin üreten genlerin genotipik olarak araştırılması gerçekleştirilmiştir. LAB önce agar spot testi ile taranmıştır ve tüm LAB indikatör mikroorganizmalar olarak seçilmiş olan Geobacillus stearothermophilus DSMZ 22, E. coli ATCC 35218, Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, Listeria innocua DSM 20649, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51299, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341, Lactococcus lactis DSMZ 20729 ve Lactobacillus plantarum DSMZ 20205'e karşı inhibisyon etki göstermiştir. Daha sonra LAB'ne ait hücre içermeyen süpernatantları (CFS, cell-free supernatant) agar kuyu difüzyon testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Bu analiz sonucunda indikatör mikroorganizmalara karşı pozitif kontrol dışında hiçbir izolatta inhibisyon etkisi gözlenmemiştir. Son olarak izolatlarda bakteriyosin üreten genleri araştırmak için yapılan PCR denemeleri sonucunda ent-A (% 5,07), ent-B (% 2,17), lcn-A (% 2,17) ve pln (% 1,44) genleri bulunmuştur. With the developing technology, the importance given to the reliability of the consumed food has been increasing. By the use of controlled microflora and/or antibacterial substances, the opportunities to provide long shelf life and safe food production is presented. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) or substances such as bacteriocin produced by LAB, as they are safe and natural, are use as the inhibitor against pathogenic microorganisms in food production. For this reason, the researches on bacteriocin production have gained more attention in recent years. In this study, isolated 138 LAB consisting of Enterococcus (13,76 %), Lactococcus (18,84 %) and Lactobacillus (67,39 %) genus isolated from fermented dairy products obtained from local markets, bazaar and dairies, also home-made products were used and bacteriocin screening and bacteriocin producing genes were genotypically examined. First, LAB isolates were screened using agar spot assay method. All of the LAB exhibited inhibitory effect against Geobacillus stearothermophilus DSMZ 22, Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, Listeria innocua DSM 20649, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 51299, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341, Lactococcus lactis DSMZ 20729 and Lactobacillus plantarum DSMZ 20205, which are the indicator mizroorganisms. Then, cell-free supernatants (CFS) of LAB were analyzed using agar-well diffusion assay method to confirm antibacterial activity. Among LAB isolates none of them were found to be effective against the indicator microorganisms except for positive control Lactococcus lactis DSMZ 20729. Finally, as a result of PCR tests carried out to investigate bacteriocin-producing genes in LAB isolates, ent-A (5,07%), ent-B (2,17%), lcn-A (2,17%), and pln (1,44%) genes were found

Human Biodata Governance:Addressing the Tension Between Innovation and Protection Through DPIAs

In the area of human biodata governance, one of the most pressing questions is how to address the trade-off between promoting innovation and safeguarding the fundamental rights and freedoms that arise from the development, deployment, and use of AI and data processing. This paper considers that this trade-off poses a dilemma and raises the question of how to achieve governance that promotes biotechnological innovation and research while protecting the fundamental rights and values of individuals and groups. The aim of this paper is to explore regulatory instruments in the EU data protection law that can strike a balance between innovation and protection in the governance of human biodata. To this end, it focuses on meta-regulation as a regulatory technique and examines data protection impact assessment (DPIA) as a method for addressing the tension between innovation and protection. Based on doctrinal legal analysis, it argues that while DPIA is a useful instrument to seek a solution in this dilemma, further reflection and clarification are needed to improve the methods of conducting the impact assessment

Patenting Human Biological Materials and Data:Balancing the reward of innovation with the ordre public and morality exception

The availability of human biological materials and data plays a key role in promoting biotechnological innovations and conducting biomedical research. While the function of patent rights in promoting innovation is widely discussed, there are still overarching concerns in patenting human biological materials and data, including triggering commercialization and commodification of the human body, precluding affordable access to the products or services and inducing interest extraction by patent holders to recoup investments and make excessive profits. This article aims to analyse the extent to which the ordre public and morality exclusion can protect the human being whose bodily material has been taken and prevent legal and ethical exploitation. We argue that the concept of ordre public and morality needs to be modified, sparking a new governance approach to better protecting human beings in a patent system that is more participatory, accountable and transparent in patent assessment

Increased expression of YAP1 in prostate cancer correlates with extraprostatic extension.

Objective:Yes associated protein 1 (YAP1) is a member of the Hippo pathway, acting as a transcriptional coactivator. To elucidate the role of YAP1 and phosphorylated (p)YAP1 in prostate cancer (PCa) tumorigenesis, we investigated their expression in clinical samples of PCa and cell lines. Methods:Fifty-four tumor, adjacent nontumor, and prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) tissues from patients with PCa after radical prostatectomy were selected from a retrospective cohort and studied using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Protein and mRNA expression levels of YAP1 were evaluated by Western blot analysis and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR, respectively, in cancer cell lines. Publicly available gene expression datasets were downloaded to analyze YAP1 mRNA and protein levels in PCa tissue samples. Results:IHC analysis of PCa tissues revealed that YAP1 staining intensities were moderate to weak in the nucleus and cytoplasm of tumor cells, whereas adjacent normal epithelia showed strong staining. We observed that benign prostates were characterized by higher expression levels of both nuclear (P=0.004) and cytosolic (P=0.005) YAP1. pYAP1 staining was weak in the cytoplasm and absent in the nucleus of all the tissues investigated. YAP1 expression was an indicator of extraprostatic extension (EPE). The level of YAP1 was negatively correlated with the level of the androgen receptor (AR) in The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset and Western blot analysis of cell lines. Conclusions:Our study suggested that YAP1 expression is heterogeneous in PCa tissue samples; therefore, YAP1 might play different roles in different aspects of PCa progression. This might involve AR-YAP1 interplay in PCa