The Cosmopolitan Grounds of the Integration Processes of the Modern States

In the present article, author examines the phenomenon of cosmopolitanism in the integration processes of the modern world. The author is invited to consider the legal basis of the concept of cosmopolitanism in the system relationship with other related phenomena (globalization, integration, etc.) from the standpoint of the science of international law

The Johannesburg Principles as an International Legal Standard for the EAEU Countries

The norms and standards of international law and national law still do not have harmonized approaches in the practice of law enforcement. The author used The Johannesburg Principles on National Security, Freedom of Expression and Access to Information, Freedom of Expression and Access to Information as the main document for analysis. The Principles are based on international and regional law and standards relating to the protection of human rights, evolving state practice (as reflected, inter alia, in judgments of national courts), and the general principles of law recognized by the community of nations

Soliton-antisoliton pair production in particle collisions

We propose general semiclassical method for computing the probability of soliton-antisoliton pair production in particle collisions. The method is illustrated by explicit numerical calculations in (1+1)-dimensional scalar field model. We find that the probability of the process is suppressed by an exponentially small factor which is almost constant at high energies.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, journal versio

To the Problem of Realizing the Provision of Obligations of States under International Treaties

Target. The purpose of this article is to consider the problems of doctrinal approaches to the implementation of the provision of obligations of states under international treaties. The authors analyze the current principles and doctrines of securing obligations under international treaties, suggest that the fundamental principles of fulfilling state obligations through the prism of the doctrine of jus cogens be considered.Methods. Such methods as: system analysis method, synthesis method, formal-legal method, logical method, analogy method are used in the work.Results and conclusions. The authors suppose that a direct recognition of the principle of conscientious fulfillment of international obligations by a peremptory norm of international law in disputes where all participants agreed to this provision is necessary. The agreement with the “vertical” action of this principle, that is, the extension to national legislation, will allow to minimize, and in some cases to exclude the possibility of refusing to fulfill the obligation due to the decision of the national authority. The use of the jus cogens doctrine as applied to the principles of ensuring the fulfillment of obligations by the states will, to a large extent, allow to move towards legal impact on the states within the framework of international law, and will become an additional element of ensuring the responsibility of the state in fulfilling its obligations arising from international treaties

End invasion of peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) with mixed-base composition into linear DNA duplexes

Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a synthetic DNA mimic with valuable properties and a rapidly growing scope of applications. With the exception of recently introduced pseudocomplementary PNAs, binding of common PNA oligomers to target sites located inside linear double-stranded DNAs (dsDNAs) is essentially restricted to homopurine–homopyrimidine sequence motifs, which significantly hampers some of the PNA applications. Here, we suggest an approach to bypass this limitation of common PNAs. We demonstrate that PNA with mixed composition of ordinary nucleobases is capable of sequence-specific targeting of complementary dsDNA sites if they are located at the very termini of DNA duplex. We then show that such targeting makes it possible to perform capturing of designated dsDNA fragments via the DNA-bound biotinylated PNA as well as to signal the presence of a specific dsDNA sequence, in the case a PNA beacon is employed. We also examine the PNA–DNA conjugate and prove that it can initiate the primer-extension reaction starting from the duplex DNA termini when a DNA polymerase with the strand-displacement ability is used. We thus conclude that recognition of duplex DNA by mixed-base PNAs via the end invasion has a promising potential for site-specific and sequence-unrestricted DNA manipulation and detection.National Institutes of Health (CA74175, GM059173); Boston University (PIF and SPRING awards

End invasion of peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) with mixed-base composition into linear DNA duplexes

Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a synthetic DNA mimic with valuable properties and a rapidly growing scope of applications. With the exception of recently introduced pseudocomplementary PNAs, binding of common PNA oligomers to target sites located inside linear double-stranded DNAs (dsDNAs) is essentially restricted to homopurine–homopyrimidine sequence motifs, which significantly hampers some of the PNA applications. Here, we suggest an approach to bypass this limitation of common PNAs. We demonstrate that PNA with mixed composition of ordinary nucleobases is capable of sequence-specific targeting of complementary dsDNA sites if they are located at the very termini of DNA duplex. We then show that such targeting makes it possible to perform capturing of designated dsDNA fragments via the DNA-bound biotinylated PNA as well as to signal the presence of a specific dsDNA sequence, in the case a PNA beacon is employed. We also examine the PNA–DNA conjugate and prove that it can initiate the primer-extension reaction starting from the duplex DNA termini when a DNA polymerase with the strand-displacement ability is used. We thus conclude that recognition of duplex DNA by mixed-base PNAs via the end invasion has a promising potential for site-specific and sequence-unrestricted DNA manipulation and detection.National Institutes of Health (CA74175, GM059173); Boston University (PIF and SPRING awards

Bose-Einstein condensation of magnons under incoherent pumping

Bose-Einstein condensation in a gas of magnons pumped by an incoherent pumping source is experimentally studied at room temperature. We demonstrate that the condensation can be achieved in a gas of bosons under conditions of incoherent pumping. Moreover, we show the critical transition point is almost independent of the frequency spectrum of the pumping source and is solely determined by the density of magnons. The electromagnetic power radiated by the magnon condensate was found to scale quadratically with the pumping power, which is in accordance with the theory of Bose-Einstein condensation in magnon gases

Magnetic proximity effect at interface between a cuprate superconductor and an oxide spin valve

Heterostructures consisting of a cuprate superconductor YBa2Cu3O7x and a ruthenate/manganite (SrRuO3/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3) spin valve have been studied by SQUID magnetometry, ferromagnetic resonances and neutron reflectometry. It was shown that due to the influence of magnetic proximity effect a magnetic moment is induced in the superconducting part of heterostructure and at the same time the magnetic moment is suppressed in the ferromagnetic spin valve. The experimental value of magnetization induced in the superconductor has the same order of magnitude with the calculations based on the induced magnetic moment of Cu atoms due to orbital reconstruction at the superconductor-ferromagnetic interface. It corresponds also to the model that takes into account the change in the density of states at a distance of order of the coherence length in the superconductor. The experimentally obtained characteristic length of penetration of the magnetic moment into superconductor exceeds the coherence length for cuprate superconductor. This fact points on the dominance of the mechanism of the induced magnetic moment of Cu atoms due to orbital reconstruction.Comment: 20 pages, 9 figure

Jordanian Quantum Algebra Uh(sl(N)){\cal U}_{\sf h}(sl(N)) via Contraction Method and Mapping

Using the contraction procedure introduced by us in Ref. \cite{ACC2}, we construct, in the first part of the present letter, the Jordanian quantum Hopf algebra ${\cal U}_{\sf h}(sl(3))$ which has a remarkably simple coalgebraic structure and contains the Jordanian Hopf algebra ${\cal U}_{\sf h}(sl(2))$, obtained by Ohn, as a subalgebra. A nonlinear map between ${\cal U}_{\sf h}(sl(3))$ and the classical $sl(3)$ algebra is then established. In the second part, we give the higher dimensional Jordanian algebras ${\cal U}_{\sf h}(sl(N))$ for all $N$. The Universal ${\cal R}_{\sf h}$-matrix of ${\cal U}_{\sf h} (sl(N))$ is also given.Comment: 17 pages, Late