Schistosomiasis in southern brazil 17 years after the confirmation of the first autochthonous case

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Introduction: Schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease, is an important public health issue in Brazil, particularly Northern Brazil. Since the first recorded occurrence of Biomphalaria glabrata in the States of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, it has spread to South Brazil. Methods: Using the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN), we assessed the disease spread in Southern Brazil. Results: In Rio Grande do Sul, nine localities had confirmed cases (n = 95, 2001-2013). Conclusions: We confirmed disease expansion to Southern Brazil. We demonstrated the effectiveness of SINAN to monitor notifiable diseases. Our results are useful to develop preventive actions for schistosomiasis control.Schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease, is an important public health issue in Brazil, particularly Northern Brazil. Since the first recorded occurrence of Biomphalaria glabrata in the States of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, it has spread to South B483354357CAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)SEM INFORMAÇÃOWe would like to thank Mr. Peter Socha for assisting with the discussion and the English versio

Assistência de enfermagem no aleitamento materno exclusivo: uma revisão integrativa / Nursing assistance in exclusive breastfeeding: an integrating review

Introdução: o aleitamento materno é um assunto de saúde pública sendo indispensável o profissional enfermeiro em desempenhar a proteção, promoção e educação em saúde para sua adesão e continuidade. Objetivo: analisar a assistência do enfermeiro na prática do aleitamento materno exclusivo. Metodologia: trata-se de revisão integrativa embasada em artigos científicos encontrados na BVS, Scielo e BIREME. Resultados: a análise permitiu conhecer que diante da complexidade do processo de aleitamento, desde a quebra de paradigmas sociais e pessoais, que permeiam questões como: quantidade do leite, insuficiência de nutrientes, o desmame no momento correto, demanda livre e espontânea, o enfermeiro participa com agente educador em saúde, sanando dúvidas e promovendo saúde. Conclusões: é nesse cenário que a prática do profissional enfermeiro se reforça, e não apenas os conhecimentos básicos e habilidades no aleitamento materno são suficientes, pois ele precisa ter habilidade de se comunicar, promovendo o aconselhamento, o que não significa dizer à mulher o que ela deve fazer e sim significa ajudá-la a tomar decisões, após ouvi-la, entendê-la e dialogar com ela sobre os prós e contras

O papel do enfermeiro no banco de leite humano: uma revisão integrativa / The role of nurses in the bank of human milk: an integrating review

Introdução: Os Bancos de Leite Humano são serviços essenciais no cenário da prática do cuidar, pois com a implantação do Programa Nacional de Incentivo ao Aleitamento Materno, iniciou-se um processo de conscientização dos profissionais enfatizando a responsabilidade de todos na consolidação dessas práticas. Objetivo: Analisar a atuação do profissional de enfermagem no que tange ao Banco de Leite Humano no processo de amamentação. Utilizou-se o método de revisão integrativa da literatura. Resultados: Observou-se a relevância da inserção do enfermeiro nesse momento, pois os mesmos são capacitados, e se reconhecem como atores, e priorizam sempre as necessidades das ações de saúde. Conclusões: Verificou-se que a prática do profissional enfermeiro dentro desses espaços é de suma importância, pois corroboram com a humanização, e a visão holística dessa mãe e seu filho, se tornando, além disso, uma prática social e política dentro da profissão, o que leva a crer o quanto é necessário o binômio teoria e prática dentro dos cenários do cuidar, proporcionando a legitimação da implementação do processo de enfermagem apoiado em uma prática científica e não mais empírica.

The Genome of Anopheles darlingi, the main neotropical malaria vector

Anopheles darlingi is the principal neotropical malaria vector, responsible for more than a million cases of malaria per year on the American continent. Anopheles darlingi diverged from the African and Asian malaria vectors ∼100 million years ago (mya) and successfully adapted to the New World environment. Here we present an annotated reference A. darlingi genome, sequenced from a wild population of males and females collected in the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 10 481 predicted protein-coding genes were annotated, 72% of which have their closest counterpart in Anopheles gambiae and 21% have highest similarity with other mosquito species. In spite of a long period of divergent evolution, conserved gene synteny was observed between A. darlingi and A. gambiae. More than 10 million single nucleotide polymorphisms and short indels with potential use as genetic markers were identified. Transposable elements correspond to 2.3% of the A. darlingi genome. Genes associated with hematophagy, immunity and insecticide resistance, directly involved in vectorhuman and vectorparasite interactions, were identified and discussed. This study represents the first effort to sequence the genome of a neotropical malaria vector, and opens a new window through which we can contemplate the evolutionary history of anopheline mosquitoes. It also provides valuable information that may lead to novel strategies to reduce malaria transmission on the South American continent. The A. darlingi genome is accessible at www.labinfo.lncc.br/index.php/anopheles- darlingi. © 2013 The Author(s)

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Ocorrência do molusco asiático Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774) (Bivalvia, Corbiculidae) no baixo rio Negro, Amazônia central Occurrence of the Asian mollusc Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774) (Bivalvia, Corbiculidae) in the lower Rio Negro, Central Amazon Region, Brazil

O rio Negro é um dos maiores afluentes do rio Amazonas, mas poucos moluscos foram registrados até o momento para aquele rio, representados apenas por gastrópodes. Foi registrada a presença do molusco bivalve exótico Corbicula fluminea na margem esquerda do baixo rio Negro, no lago do Tupé e no Catalão - margem direita do rio Negro, todas localidades no município de Manaus, Brasil. O registro foi realizado por meio da coleta de conchas e espécimes vivos. É o primeiro registro de C. fluminea para o estado do Amazonas e Amazônia central.<br>The Rio Negro is one of the biggest Rio Amazonas tributaries. Few molluscs have been registered to that river yet, represented only by gastropods. It is reported the occurrence of the exotic bivalve mollusc Corbicula fluminea in left bank margin of Rio Negro, Lago do Tupé and Catalão - right bank margin of Rio Negro, all localities in the municipality of Manaus, Brazil. The species is recorded by a collection of shells and specimens alive. This is the first occurrence of C. fluminea in the Amazon State and Central Amazon

Cost of charging for water use in the Brazilian Cerrado hydrographic basin

This study analyzed the relative cost of charging for water use with respect to water users' production costs in the Grande River Basin, located in the Brazilian Cerrado, considering the principal charging methods existing in Brazil. The study was developed based on: the rights of use grant data surveys pertaining to water resources and the classification of bodies of water into usage classes; a simulation of charging for water use through various methods; and an analysis of the relative cost of charges on the production cost of the water users. The charging methods used by the following were studied: the Committee of the Basin of River Paraíba do Sul (CEIVAP), the Committee of Basins of Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí Rivers (PCJ), the São Francisco River Basin Committee (CBHSF) and the Doce River Basin Committee (CBH-DOCE). The study verified that irrigated agriculture is the sector that uses the most water, representing 46.4% of the outflow granted in the basin. Considering the different charging methods, the collection in the basin of the Grande River potentially allows for investments of US$1.2 million (PCJ), US$ 920,000 (CEIVAP), US$426,000 (CBH-DOCE), or US$ 297,000 (CBHSF) in this region, leading to average relative costs of 0.68% (irrigation), 0.28% (human) and 0.08% (industry). For this reason, there is the possibility of implanting charges for water use in the Grande River Basin, with either the CEIVAP's or PCJ's method appearing to be the most suitable, given that the parameters of these mechanisms are in line with existing activities in the basin