Obp56h Modulates Mating Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster

Social interactions in insects are driven by conspecific chemical signals that are detected via olfactory and gustatory neurons. Odorant binding proteins (Obps) transport volatile odorants to chemosensory receptors, but their effects on behaviors remain poorly characterized. Here, we report that RNAi knockdown of Obp56h gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster enhances mating behavior by reducing courtship latency. The change in mating behavior that results from inhibition of Obp56h expression is accompanied by significant alterations in cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) composition, including reduction in 5-tricosene (5-T), an inhibitory sex pheromone produced by males that increases copulation latency during courtship. Whole genome RNA sequencing confirms that expression of Obp56h is virtually abolished in Drosophila heads. Inhibition of Obp56h expression also affects expression of other chemoreception genes, including upregulation of lush in both sexes and Obp83ef in females, and reduction in expression of Obp19b and Or19b in males. In addition, several genes associated with lipid metabolism, which underlies the production of cuticular hydrocarbons, show altered transcript abundances. Our data show that modulation of mating behavior through reduction of Obp56h is accompanied by altered cuticular hydrocarbon profiles and implicate 5-T as a possible ligand for Obp56h

Komponenten, Systemkonzepte und Demonstratoren fuer die optische Signalverarbeitung (Photonik OSV)

Objective of the project has been the development of system concepts and the realisation of key components and sub systems for central areas of optical signal processing. Methods have been elaborated for the application of space and wavelength multiplex techniques enabling routing and switching of optical signals (up to 10 Gbit/s) in future optical broadband core and access networks. The required key components wavelength converter, space switch units and wavelength tuneable filters have been developed. After realisation of a global concept for optical nodes in the core and access area (based on broadcast and select) detailed concepts have been worked out for the realisation of optical cross connects for 2.5 and 10 Gbit/s signals. Investigations have been performed on signal formats as well as on operation, administration and maintenance in optical transparent routing nodes. Realisation concepts have been developed for the key components wavelength converter and blocking free space switch units, resulting in devices well suited and used for demonstrator applications. For tuneable optical filters a new concept was developed based on the introduction of fractal optical gratings. By means of optical 10 Gbit/s cross connect cascading experiments of optical nodes were performed. No significant deterioration of the system sensitivity was observed for optical signals fed through several cascaded cross connects. Thus, the suitability of the proposed approach for optical cross connects (up to 10 Gbit/s) and the cascading to larger routing blocks was verified. For the access regime, optical routing of digital multi-level modulated signals in space and wavelength has been demonstrated for the first time. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover: F99B618+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEBundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Norms of Professional Behavior in Highly Speclalized Organizations: The Case of American Zoos and Aquariums

Three attitude dimensions are apparent among zoological managers. They concern professional ethics, organization, and responsibility toward animals. In this article, four models of the acceptance of professional norms are tested, and career-related goals are found to be the best predictors of such attitudes. Noneconomic goals seem to promote zoological professionalism, whereas entrepreneurial activities reduce support for generally accepted norms of behavior. The implications of these findings and possibilities for further research are discussed.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline