27 research outputs found
COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study
Background:
The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms.
Methods:
International, prospective observational study of 60â109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms.
Results:
âTypicalâ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (â€â18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (â„â70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each Pâ<â0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country.
Interpretation:
This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men
Tpl2 inhibitor and GLP-1 receptor agonist : A promising combination therapy to fight type 2 diabetes ?
Une petite molĂ©cule inhibitrice de la MAP3 kinase TPL2 amĂ©liore la dysfonction et la mort des cellules bĂȘta induite par des nutriments.Introduction : Les preuves suggĂšrent que les stress mĂ©taboliques induits par les nutriments, tel que l'hyperglycĂ©mie chronique, Ă©tablissent un lien entre le diabĂšte de type 2 et le dysfonctionnement et la mort des cellules bĂȘta. Si la MAP3 kinase 8, Tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2), joue un rĂŽle important dans la mort des cellules bĂȘta; aprĂšs une exposition aux cytokines, son implication dans la dysfonction et la mort induite par hyperglycĂ©mie chronique est inconnue.MĂ©thode : La sĂ©crĂ©tion dâinsuline est mesurĂ©e par HTRF. Les expressions protĂ©iques (TPL2, caspase 3 clivĂ©e et JNK1/2 (marqueurs de mort), sont Ă©valuĂ©es par Western Blotting. Lâexpression dâARNm dâIcer, est mesurĂ©e par RT-qPCR.RĂ©sultats : Nous avons montrĂ© que TPL2 est surexprimĂ©e dans les Ăźlots de rats GK et de souris db/db. LâhyperglycĂ©mie chronique augmente lâexpression de TPL2 dans les cellules bĂȘta; et les Ăźlots humains. Le traitement des souris db/db avec une petite molĂ©cule inhibitrice de TPL2 entraĂźne une rĂ©duction de la progression du diabĂšte avec une diminution de l'hyperglycĂ©mie et de l'hyperinsulinĂ©mie Ă jeun, une meilleure tolĂ©rance au glucose, sans affecter la sensibilitĂ© Ă l'insuline. L'inhibition de TPL2 amĂ©liore les effets nĂ©fastes de lâhyperglycĂ©mie sur la sĂ©crĂ©tion dâinsuline induite par le glucose, rĂ©duit lâapoptose des cellules bĂȘta, et empĂȘche la rĂ©gulation positive de lâARNm dâIcer, un rĂ©presseur transcriptionnel de l'insuline et des gĂšnes clĂ©s des protĂ©ines dâexocytose, et de lâactivation des kinases c-Jun N-terminales 1/2 (JNK1/2). L'association d'un agoniste du rĂ©cepteur du GLP-1 (GLP-1RA, exendine-4) avec l'inhibiteur de TPL2 a totalement empĂȘchĂ© l'apoptose induite par l'hyperglycĂ©mie.Conclusion : Nos rĂ©sultats identifient lâinhibition de TPL2, seule ou en association avec un GLP-1RA, comme une nouvelle stratĂ©gie thĂ©rapeutique potentielle prometteuse pour prĂ©venir le dysfonctionnement et lâapoptose des cellules bĂȘta et pour ralentir le dĂ©veloppement du DT2.A small-molecule inhibitor of the MAP3 Kinase TPL2 improves nutrient-induced bĂȘta-cell dysfunction and deathIntroduction : Evidences suggest that nutrient-induced metabolic stresses such as chronic hyperglycemia provide a link between type 2 diabetes and bĂȘta-cell dysfunction and death. If The MAP3 kinase 8, Tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2), plays an important role in bĂȘta-cell death after cytokine exposure, its involvement in bĂȘta-cell dysfunction and death induced by chronic hyperglycemia is unknown.Methods : Insulin secretion is measured by HTRF. Protein expressions (TPL2, cleaved caspase 3 and JNK1 / 2 (death markers), are assessed by Western blotting. Icer mRNA expression is measured by RT-qPCR.Results : We found TPL2 is overexpressed in islets of diabetic GK rats and db/db mice. Chronic hyperglycemia increases TPL2 expression in bĂȘta-cells and human islets. Treatment of db/db mice with a small molecule inhibitor of TPL2 results in a reduction of diabetes progression with decreased fasting hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, improved glucose tolerance, without affecting insulin sensitivity. Inhibition of TPL2 improves the detrimental effects of hyperglycemia on glucose-induced insulin secretion, reduces apoptosis of bĂȘta-cells, and prevents the mRNA upregulation of Icer, a transcriptional repressor of insulin and key exocytotic proteins genes, and c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1/2 (JNK1/2) activation. Combination of a GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA, exendin-4) with the TPL2 inhibitor totally prevented the apoptosis of bĂȘta-cells induced by hyperglycemia.Conclusion : Our results identify TPL2 inhibition, alone or in combination with a GLP-1RA, as potential new therapeutic avenues to prevent bĂȘta-cell dysfunction and apoptosis and to slow down T2D development
Inhibiteur de Tpl2 et agoniste du récepteur GLP-1 : Une nouvelle combinaison thérapeutique prometteuse pour lutter contre le diabÚte de type 2 ?
A small-molecule inhibitor of the MAP3 Kinase TPL2 improves nutrient-induced bĂȘta-cell dysfunction and deathIntroduction : Evidences suggest that nutrient-induced metabolic stresses such as chronic hyperglycemia provide a link between type 2 diabetes and bĂȘta-cell dysfunction and death. If The MAP3 kinase 8, Tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2), plays an important role in bĂȘta-cell death after cytokine exposure, its involvement in bĂȘta-cell dysfunction and death induced by chronic hyperglycemia is unknown.Methods : Insulin secretion is measured by HTRF. Protein expressions (TPL2, cleaved caspase 3 and JNK1 / 2 (death markers), are assessed by Western blotting. Icer mRNA expression is measured by RT-qPCR.Results : We found TPL2 is overexpressed in islets of diabetic GK rats and db/db mice. Chronic hyperglycemia increases TPL2 expression in bĂȘta-cells and human islets. Treatment of db/db mice with a small molecule inhibitor of TPL2 results in a reduction of diabetes progression with decreased fasting hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, improved glucose tolerance, without affecting insulin sensitivity. Inhibition of TPL2 improves the detrimental effects of hyperglycemia on glucose-induced insulin secretion, reduces apoptosis of bĂȘta-cells, and prevents the mRNA upregulation of Icer, a transcriptional repressor of insulin and key exocytotic proteins genes, and c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1/2 (JNK1/2) activation. Combination of a GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA, exendin-4) with the TPL2 inhibitor totally prevented the apoptosis of bĂȘta-cells induced by hyperglycemia.Conclusion : Our results identify TPL2 inhibition, alone or in combination with a GLP-1RA, as potential new therapeutic avenues to prevent bĂȘta-cell dysfunction and apoptosis and to slow down T2D development.Une petite molĂ©cule inhibitrice de la MAP3 kinase TPL2 amĂ©liore la dysfonction et la mort des cellules bĂȘta induite par des nutriments.Introduction : Les preuves suggĂšrent que les stress mĂ©taboliques induits par les nutriments, tel que l'hyperglycĂ©mie chronique, Ă©tablissent un lien entre le diabĂšte de type 2 et le dysfonctionnement et la mort des cellules bĂȘta. Si la MAP3 kinase 8, Tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2), joue un rĂŽle important dans la mort des cellules bĂȘta; aprĂšs une exposition aux cytokines, son implication dans la dysfonction et la mort induite par hyperglycĂ©mie chronique est inconnue.MĂ©thode : La sĂ©crĂ©tion dâinsuline est mesurĂ©e par HTRF. Les expressions protĂ©iques (TPL2, caspase 3 clivĂ©e et JNK1/2 (marqueurs de mort), sont Ă©valuĂ©es par Western Blotting. Lâexpression dâARNm dâIcer, est mesurĂ©e par RT-qPCR.RĂ©sultats : Nous avons montrĂ© que TPL2 est surexprimĂ©e dans les Ăźlots de rats GK et de souris db/db. LâhyperglycĂ©mie chronique augmente lâexpression de TPL2 dans les cellules bĂȘta; et les Ăźlots humains. Le traitement des souris db/db avec une petite molĂ©cule inhibitrice de TPL2 entraĂźne une rĂ©duction de la progression du diabĂšte avec une diminution de l'hyperglycĂ©mie et de l'hyperinsulinĂ©mie Ă jeun, une meilleure tolĂ©rance au glucose, sans affecter la sensibilitĂ© Ă l'insuline. L'inhibition de TPL2 amĂ©liore les effets nĂ©fastes de lâhyperglycĂ©mie sur la sĂ©crĂ©tion dâinsuline induite par le glucose, rĂ©duit lâapoptose des cellules bĂȘta, et empĂȘche la rĂ©gulation positive de lâARNm dâIcer, un rĂ©presseur transcriptionnel de l'insuline et des gĂšnes clĂ©s des protĂ©ines dâexocytose, et de lâactivation des kinases c-Jun N-terminales 1/2 (JNK1/2). L'association d'un agoniste du rĂ©cepteur du GLP-1 (GLP-1RA, exendine-4) avec l'inhibiteur de TPL2 a totalement empĂȘchĂ© l'apoptose induite par l'hyperglycĂ©mie.Conclusion : Nos rĂ©sultats identifient lâinhibition de TPL2, seule ou en association avec un GLP-1RA, comme une nouvelle stratĂ©gie thĂ©rapeutique potentielle prometteuse pour prĂ©venir le dysfonctionnement et lâapoptose des cellules bĂȘta et pour ralentir le dĂ©veloppement du DT2
Inhibiteur de Tpl2 et agoniste du récepteur GLP-1 : Une nouvelle combinaison thérapeutique prometteuse pour lutter contre le diabÚte de type 2 ?
A small-molecule inhibitor of the MAP3 Kinase TPL2 improves nutrient-induced bĂȘta-cell dysfunction and deathIntroduction : Evidences suggest that nutrient-induced metabolic stresses such as chronic hyperglycemia provide a link between type 2 diabetes and bĂȘta-cell dysfunction and death. If The MAP3 kinase 8, Tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2), plays an important role in bĂȘta-cell death after cytokine exposure, its involvement in bĂȘta-cell dysfunction and death induced by chronic hyperglycemia is unknown.Methods : Insulin secretion is measured by HTRF. Protein expressions (TPL2, cleaved caspase 3 and JNK1 / 2 (death markers), are assessed by Western blotting. Icer mRNA expression is measured by RT-qPCR.Results : We found TPL2 is overexpressed in islets of diabetic GK rats and db/db mice. Chronic hyperglycemia increases TPL2 expression in bĂȘta-cells and human islets. Treatment of db/db mice with a small molecule inhibitor of TPL2 results in a reduction of diabetes progression with decreased fasting hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, improved glucose tolerance, without affecting insulin sensitivity. Inhibition of TPL2 improves the detrimental effects of hyperglycemia on glucose-induced insulin secretion, reduces apoptosis of bĂȘta-cells, and prevents the mRNA upregulation of Icer, a transcriptional repressor of insulin and key exocytotic proteins genes, and c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1/2 (JNK1/2) activation. Combination of a GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA, exendin-4) with the TPL2 inhibitor totally prevented the apoptosis of bĂȘta-cells induced by hyperglycemia.Conclusion : Our results identify TPL2 inhibition, alone or in combination with a GLP-1RA, as potential new therapeutic avenues to prevent bĂȘta-cell dysfunction and apoptosis and to slow down T2D development.Une petite molĂ©cule inhibitrice de la MAP3 kinase TPL2 amĂ©liore la dysfonction et la mort des cellules bĂȘta induite par des nutriments.Introduction : Les preuves suggĂšrent que les stress mĂ©taboliques induits par les nutriments, tel que l'hyperglycĂ©mie chronique, Ă©tablissent un lien entre le diabĂšte de type 2 et le dysfonctionnement et la mort des cellules bĂȘta. Si la MAP3 kinase 8, Tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2), joue un rĂŽle important dans la mort des cellules bĂȘta; aprĂšs une exposition aux cytokines, son implication dans la dysfonction et la mort induite par hyperglycĂ©mie chronique est inconnue.MĂ©thode : La sĂ©crĂ©tion dâinsuline est mesurĂ©e par HTRF. Les expressions protĂ©iques (TPL2, caspase 3 clivĂ©e et JNK1/2 (marqueurs de mort), sont Ă©valuĂ©es par Western Blotting. Lâexpression dâARNm dâIcer, est mesurĂ©e par RT-qPCR.RĂ©sultats : Nous avons montrĂ© que TPL2 est surexprimĂ©e dans les Ăźlots de rats GK et de souris db/db. LâhyperglycĂ©mie chronique augmente lâexpression de TPL2 dans les cellules bĂȘta; et les Ăźlots humains. Le traitement des souris db/db avec une petite molĂ©cule inhibitrice de TPL2 entraĂźne une rĂ©duction de la progression du diabĂšte avec une diminution de l'hyperglycĂ©mie et de l'hyperinsulinĂ©mie Ă jeun, une meilleure tolĂ©rance au glucose, sans affecter la sensibilitĂ© Ă l'insuline. L'inhibition de TPL2 amĂ©liore les effets nĂ©fastes de lâhyperglycĂ©mie sur la sĂ©crĂ©tion dâinsuline induite par le glucose, rĂ©duit lâapoptose des cellules bĂȘta, et empĂȘche la rĂ©gulation positive de lâARNm dâIcer, un rĂ©presseur transcriptionnel de l'insuline et des gĂšnes clĂ©s des protĂ©ines dâexocytose, et de lâactivation des kinases c-Jun N-terminales 1/2 (JNK1/2). L'association d'un agoniste du rĂ©cepteur du GLP-1 (GLP-1RA, exendine-4) avec l'inhibiteur de TPL2 a totalement empĂȘchĂ© l'apoptose induite par l'hyperglycĂ©mie.Conclusion : Nos rĂ©sultats identifient lâinhibition de TPL2, seule ou en association avec un GLP-1RA, comme une nouvelle stratĂ©gie thĂ©rapeutique potentielle prometteuse pour prĂ©venir le dysfonctionnement et lâapoptose des cellules bĂȘta et pour ralentir le dĂ©veloppement du DT2
Circadian clock nuclear receptor REV-ERBα is a novel regulator of beta-cell function, survival and autophagy under diabetogenic conditions
International audienceBackground and aims:The circadian clock regulates diverse cellular and molecular rhythms employing CLOCK-BMAL1 transcriptional heterodimer with nuclear receptor REV-ERBα (encoded by gene Nr1d1) playing an important role as a clock repressor through modulation of Bmal1 transcription. Importantly, in addition to its core circadian clock function, recent studies have identified REV-ERBα as a potent transcriptional repressor of autophagy. Therefore, in the current study we set out to address whether impaired beta-cell function and survival associated with exposure to diabetogenic stressors (e.g. glucotoxicty and inflammation) is attributed in part to REV-ERBα-mediated inhibition of autophagy. Materials and methods: Experiments were performed with the rat pancreatic beta-cell line (INS-1E). p62 (also known as sequestosome-1) levels were used to monitor autophagic degradation and evaluated by western blot. Because p62 aggregated forms were reported to be largely insoluble, we also evaluated the detergent-solubility of p62 by fractionation and western blot analysis. Apoptosis was evidenced by cleaved caspase-3 emergence. Glucose-induced insulin secretion was assessed by Homogeneous Time Resolved Fluorescence (HTRF) technology.Results: Exposure of beta-cells to either glucotoxicity (30 mM glucose for 48h) or cytokines (cytomix of IL-1ÎČ, TNFα and IFNÎł for 24h) resulted in robust induction of REV-ERBα expression (1.5-2 fold, p<0.05) and corresponded with impaired autophagy flux characterized by increased protein levels of p62 (1.5-2 fold, p<0.05). Consistent with these data, exposure of beta-cells to a REV-ERBα agonist (SR9011) was characterized by impaired autophagy (increased p62 levels, aggregated and insoluble forms, p<0.05), defective glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (70 % decrease, p<0.05) and increased beta-cell apoptosis (increased cleaved caspase-3, p<0.01 vs. vehicle). In contrast, REV-ERBα specific antagonist (SR8278) protected beta-cells from deleterious effects of glucotoxicity or cytokines-induced inflammation by enhancing autophagy flux and attenuating beta-cell apoptosis (~30%). Conclusion:Taken together, these data reveal for the first time an underexplored link between the core circadian clock nuclear receptor REV-ERBα, autophagy and beta-cell failure under diabetogenic conditions. These data also suggest a potential therapeutic potential of modulating REV-ERBα levels in beta-cells to enhance function and survival in diabetes
Les effets dâun agoniste du rĂ©cepteur GLP-1 sur les cellules bĂȘta pancrĂ©atiques sont renforcĂ©s par combinaison avec un inhibiteur de la kinase TPL2
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The nuclear receptor REV-ERBα is implicated in the alteration of ÎČ-cell autophagy and survival under diabetogenic conditions
International audiencePancreatic ÎČ-cell failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with impaired regulation of autophagy which controls ÎČ-cell development, function, and survival through clearance of misfolded proteins and damaged organelles. However, the mechanisms responsible for defective autophagy in T2DM ÎČ-cells remain unknown. Since recent studies identified circadian clock transcriptional repressor REV-ERBα as a novel regulator of autophagy in cancer, in this study we set out to test whether REV-ERBα-mediated inhibition of autophagy contributes to the ÎČ-cell failure in T2DM. Our study provides evidence that common diabetogenic stressors (e.g., glucotoxicity and cytokine-mediated inflammation) augment ÎČ-cell REV-ERBα expression and impair ÎČ-cell autophagy and survival. Notably, pharmacological activation of REV-ERBα was shown to phenocopy effects of diabetogenic stressors on the ÎČ-cell through inhibition of autophagic flux, survival, and insulin secretion. In contrast, negative modulation of REV-ERBα was shown to provide partial protection from inflammation and glucotoxicity-induced ÎČ-cell failure. Finally, using bioinformatic approaches, we provide further supporting evidence for augmented REV-ERBα activity in T2DM human islets associated with impaired transcriptional regulation of autophagy and protein degradation pathways. In conclusion, our study reveals a previously unexplored causative relationship between REV-ERBα expression, inhibition of autophagy, and ÎČ-cell failure in T2DM
Le rĂ©cepteur nuclĂ©aire Rev-erbα est un nouveau rĂ©gulateur de lâautophagie et de la survie des cellules ÎČ pancrĂ©atiques en conditions diabĂ©togĂšnes
International audienceIntroductionLe diabĂšte de type 2 (DT2) est caractĂ©risĂ© par une hyperglycĂ©mie liĂ©e Ă un dĂ©ficit en cellules ÎČ. LâaltĂ©ration du rythme circadien est un facteur de risque du DT2. Au niveau molĂ©culaire, les rythmes circadiens sont contrĂŽlĂ©s par Clock-Bmal1 et le rĂ©presseur Rev-erbα. En dehors de sa fonction circadienne, Rev-erbα bloque lâautophagie, cette derniĂšre Ă©tant cruciale pour lâintĂ©gritĂ© des cellules ÎČ. Nous Ă©mettons lâhypothĂšse selon laquelle lâinhibition de lâautophagie par Rev-erbα en conditions diabĂ©togĂšnes est impliquĂ©e dans le dĂ©ficit ÎČ-cellulaire. MatĂ©riel et MĂ©thodesLes expĂ©riences sont rĂ©alisĂ©es avec des cellules Ă (INS-1E de rat, EndoC-ĂH1 humaines) et des Ăźlots humains. Les niveaux protĂ©iques de Rev-erbα sont Ă©valuĂ©s par western-blot. LâefficacitĂ© de lâautophagie est Ă©valuĂ©e grĂące aux marqueurs LC3-II (nombre dâautophagosomes) et p62 (efficacitĂ© de dĂ©gradation lysosomale). Lâapoptose est Ă©valuĂ©e par le clivage de la caspase-3. La sĂ©crĂ©tion dâinsuline est mesurĂ©e par HTRF (Homogeneous Time Resolved Fluorescence). RĂ©sultatsLâexposition Ă des concentrations Ă©levĂ©es en glucose mimant l'hyperglycĂ©mie chronique ou Ă des cytokines pro-inflammatoires entraine une augmentation de Rev-erbα corrĂ©lĂ©e Ă une altĂ©ration de lâautophagie dans les cellules INS-1E. Dans les Ăźlots humains exposĂ©s Ă des conditions de glucotoxicitĂ© ou lipotoxicitĂ©, lâaugmentation de lâexpression protĂ©ique de Rev-erbα est aussi observĂ©e. Lâactivation pharmacologique de Rev-erbα (agoniste SR9009) altĂšre lâautophagie dans les cellules INS-1E et les ilots humains. En consĂ©quence, cela entraine un dĂ©ficit insulinosĂ©crĂ©toire et lâapoptose des cellules INS-1E. A lâinverse, lâinhibition pharmacologique de Rev-erbα (antagoniste SR8278) ou son invalidation par siRNA protĂšge les cellules Ă de lâapoptose induite par la glucotoxicitĂ© (INS-1E et EndoC-ĂH1), ou par les cytokines (INS-1E et ilots humains).Conclusion-discussionNotre Ă©tude rĂ©vĂšle pour la premiĂšre fois un lien entre le gĂšne de lâhorloge Rev-erba, lâautophagie et lâaltĂ©ration des cellules Ă en conditions diabĂ©togĂšnes, identifiant ainsi une nouvelle cible potentielle
Sotrovimab therapy elicits antiviral activities against Omicron BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5 in sera of immunocompromised patients [letter]
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