ANALISIS FAKTOR PRODUKSI USAHA PERIKANAN PURSE SEINE DI PULAU AMBON

Purse seine merupakan salah satu jenis alat penangkapan ikan yang sangat populer bagi sebagian besar nelayan di Pulau Ambon dan sekitarnya. Alasan penggunaan jenis alat tangkapan ini karena dianggap cukup produktif dalam usaha penangkapan jenis ikan pelagis kecil seperti ikan Layang, Decapterus spp. selar, Selaroides spp. Sardin, Sardinella spp dan lain-lain. Akan tetapi produktivitas dari setiap unit penangkapan berbeda-beda disebabkan dimensi alat maupun kapal serta jumlah upaya (trip) penangkapan. Dalam hubungannya dengan keberlanjutan usaha perikanan purse seine di Pulau Ambon, maka faktor-faktor produksi yang mempengaruhi produksi usaha perikanan purse seine di Pulau perlu diketahui. Dari hasil penelitian Analisis koefisien korelasi (r) sebesar 0,826 atau 82,6%, maka terdapat hubungan yang sangat kuat dalam hubungan variabel Y dengan variabel X, makin besar nilai koefisien korelasi, dikatakan akan Sangat Kuat hubungan antara variabel Y dengan variabel X. Dimana Kuat hubungan antara variabel X akan mempengaruhi variabel Y adalah sebesar 82,6%. Berdasarkan hasil olah data dengan menggunakan bantuan perangkat lunak (software) SPSS 20, diketahui nilai R2 (koefisien determinasi) ialah 0,683. Angka tersebut menjelaskan bahwa 68,3 % produksi hasil tangkapan Purse Seine dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor produksi, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 32,7 % ditentukan atau dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak dimasukkan ke dalam model. Koefisien intersep menunjukkan bahwa jika faktor-faktor produksi yang dimasukan dalam model bernilai nol maka hasil produksi akan sebesar -32,166 ton /tahun

Point-of-care testing and treatment of sexually transmitted and genital infections to improve birth outcomes in high-burden, low-resource settings (WANTAIM): a pragmatic cluster randomised crossover trial in Papua New Guinea.

Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, and bacterial vaginosis have been associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes, but there is conflicting evidence on the benefits of antenatal screening and treatment for these conditions. We aimed to determine the effect of antenatal point-of-care testing and immediate treatment of C trachomatis, N gonorrhoeae, T vaginalis, and bacterial vaginosis on preterm birth, low birthweight, and other adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes compared with current standard of care, which included symptom-based treatment without laboratory confirmation. In this pragmatic cluster randomised crossover trial, we enrolled women (aged ≥16 years) attending an antenatal clinic at 26 weeks' gestation or earlier (confirmed by obstetric ultrasound), living within approximately 1 h drive of a study clinic, and able to provide reliable contact details at ten primary health facilities and their catchment communities (clusters) in Papua New Guinea. Clusters were randomly allocated 1:1 to receive either the intervention or control (standard care) in the first phase of the trial. Following an interval (washout period) of 2-3 months at the end of the first phase, each cluster crossed over to the other group. Randomisation was stratified by province. Individual participants were informed about trial group allocation only after completing informed consent procedures. The primary outcome was a composite of preterm birth (livebirth before 37 weeks' gestation), low birthweight (<2500 g), or both, analysed according to the intention-to-treat population. This study is registered with ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN37134032, and is completed. Between July 26, 2017, and Aug 30, 2021, 4526 women were enrolled (2210 [63·3%] of 3492 women in the intervention group and 2316 [62·8%] of 3687 in the control group). Primary outcome data were available for 4297 (94·9%) newborn babies of 4526 women. The proportion of preterm birth, low birthweight, or both, in the intervention group, expressed as the mean of crude proportions across clusters, was 18·8% (SD 4·7%) compared with 17·8% in the control group (risk ratio [RR] 1·06, 95% CI 0·78-1·42; p=0·67). There were 1052 serious adverse events reported (566 in the intervention group and 486 in the control group) among 929 trial participants, and no differences by trial group. Point-of-care testing and treatment of C trachomatis, N gonorrhoeae, T vaginalis, and bacterial vaginosis did not reduce preterm birth or low birthweight compared with standard care. Within the subgroup of women with N gonorrhoeae, there was a substantial reduction in the primary outcome

Métodos de estimação do coeficiente de endogamia em uma população diplóide com alelos múltiplos Methods of estimation of the inbreeding coefficient in a diploid population with multiple alleles

Com o presente trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar as propriedades de três estimadores do coeficiente de endogamia, F, em uma população diplóide com alelos múltiplos, por meio de dados de frequências alélicas de amostras de indíviduos, obtidas em populações simuladas, por meio do SAS. Foram avaliados o estimador de F, obtido pela média das estimativas nas análises de cada alelo, o estimador considerando a análise conjunta envolvendo todos os alelos, bem como aquele por meio de análise multivariada com os três alelos proposto por Long (1986). Os resultados encontrados para a média e variância dos estimadores, a partir de 1000 estimativas de F, calculadas para cada tamanho de amostra, mostraram que os três estimadores são tendenciosos. Entretanto, de maneira geral, observou-se que o estimador considerando a análise de variância conjunta foi menos tendencioso e apresentou menor variância, quando o coeficiente de endogamia na população era alto, enquanto que para populações com endogamia baixa a variância do estimador considerando a análise multivariada foi menor.<br>The present work evaluted the properties of three estimators of the inbreeding coefficient, F, in a diploid population with multiple alleles, using data of gene frequencies in individuals from random samples, obtained in simulate populations, through the SAS. Were evaluted the estimator of F, obtained by single and joint univariate analysis and the estimator of F obtained by multivariate analysis as proposed by Long (1986). The analysis of the means and variances of the estimators, obtained of 1000 estimates of F, calculated for each sample size, it demonstrated that the three estimators is bias. However, it was observed that the estimator obtained of univariate analysis it was less biased and it presented smaller variance, when the inbreeding coefficient in the population was elevated, while for populations with low inbreeding, the variance of, the estimator obtained by the multivariate analysis it was smaller