Pets becoming established in the wild: free–living Vietnamese potbellied pigs in Spain

Mascotas que se establecen en la naturaleza: cerdos vietnamitas que viven en libertad en España Los cerdos vietnamitas (Sus scrofa) son una mascota habitual en Norteamérica y Europa; sin embargo, su popularidad ha disminuido recientemente y esto ha provocado que se abandonen cada vez más. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es identificar casos de cerdos vietnamitas que viven en libertad en España a través de una búsqueda exhaustiva en Google. Se han identificado 42 casos de cerdos vietnamitas que viven en libertad distribuidos por todo el país. El número de casos aumenta cada año, aunque la abundancia de la especie aún parece ser baja. También se han observado indicios de que los cerdos vietnamitas se reproducen en libertad y de posibles híbridos de éstos con jabalíes o cerdos asilvestrados. El hecho de que los cerdos vietnamitas vivan en libertad podría reducir el patrimonio genético de la población española de jabalí, así como agravar los daños que este ya causa en España (como los daños a cultivos o los accidentes de tráfico). Con vistas a evitar que se establezcan en hábitats naturales, es urgente evaluar y gestionar debidamente las observaciones de cerdos vietnamitas salvajes.Vietnamese potbellied (VPB) pigs (Sus scrofa) are a common pet in North America and Europe, but their recent decrease in popularity has increased their abandonment. Our main aim was to identify potential cases of free–living VPB pigs in Spain through an in–depth Google search. We identified 42 cases of free–living VPB pigs distributed throughout the country. The number of free–living VPB pigs reported increased by year but the species abundance still seems to be low. Signs of VPB pig reproduction and possible hybrids between VPB pigs and wild boar or feral pigs have been also reported. Free–living VPB pigs could erode the gene pool of the Spanish wild boar population and exacerbate the damage (e.g. crop damage or spread of diseases) already caused by wild board. Urgent evaluation and adequate management of wild VPB pig sightings is needed to prevent their establishment in natural habitats.Mascotas que se establecen en la naturaleza: cerdos vietnamitas que viven en libertad en España Los cerdos vietnamitas (Sus scrofa) son una mascota habitual en Norteamérica y Europa; sin embargo, su popularidad ha disminuido recientemente y esto ha provocado que se abandonen cada vez más. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es identificar casos de cerdos vietnamitas que viven en libertad en España a través de una búsqueda exhaustiva en Google. Se han identificado 42 casos de cerdos vietnamitas que viven en libertad distribuidos por todo el país. El número de casos aumenta cada año, aunque la abundancia de la especie aún parece ser baja. También se han observado indicios de que los cerdos vietnamitas se reproducen en libertad y de posibles híbridos de éstos con jabalíes o cerdos asilvestrados. El hecho de que los cerdos vietnamitas vivan en libertad podría reducir el patrimonio genético de la población española de jabalí, así como agravar los daños que este ya causa en España (como los daños a cultivos o los accidentes de tráfico). Con vistas a evitar que se establezcan en hábitats naturales, es urgente evaluar y gestionar debidamente las observaciones de cerdos vietnamitas salvajes

Transfer of a major dominant gene for resistance to eyespot disease from a wild grass to hexaploid wheat

Eyespot disease, caused by the fungus Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, is responsible for considerable lodging and reductions of yield in extensive areas of wheat cultivation in North and South America, Europe, New Zealand, Australia and Africa1. The level of resistance of wheat cultivars is too low, even among the less susceptible ones (that is, Cappelle Desprez and Cerco) and no genes for resistance have to date been characterized in any species. Sprague2 found a high level of resistance to this disease in the wild grass Aegilops ventricosa and several workers have attempted its transfer to cultivated wheat with only partial success3−5. We report here a major dominant gene for resistance, which has been transferred from tetraploid Ae. ventricosa (genomes DvDvMvMv) to hexaploid wheat, Triticum aestivum (AABBDD), using tetraploid wheat, Triticum turgidum (AABB), as a 'bridge' species

Genetic transfer of resistance to powdery mildew and of an associated molecular marker from Aegilops ventricosa to hexaploid wheat.

Resistance to powdery mildew, caused by the fungus Erysiphe graminis f.sp. tritici, has been transferred from Aegilops ventricosa (genomes DvMv) to hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum, ABD). In two transfer lines, H-93-8 and H-93-35, the resistance gene was linked to a gene encoding protein U-1, whereas one line, H-93-33, was resistant but lacked the molecular marker, and another line, H-93-1, was susceptible but carried the gene for U-1, indicating that the original Mv chromosome from Ae. ventricosa, carrying the two genes, had undergone recombination with a wheat chromosome in the last two lines

Biochemical markers associated with two Mv chromosomes from Aegilops ventricosa in wheat-Aegilops addition lines

The distribution of three biochemical markers, U-1, CM-4 and Aphv-a, -b, among wheat-Aegilops addition lines carrying Mv chromosomes from Aegilops ventricosa (genomes DvMv) has been investigated. Addition lines which had been previously grouped together on the basis of common non-biochemical characters carried marker U-1, a protein component from the 2M urea extract. The added chromosome, in the appropriate genetic background, seems to confer a high level of resistance to the eyespot disease, caused by the fungus Cercosporella herpotrichoides. The other two markers were concomitantly associated with another similarly formed group of addition lines. Both CM-4, a protein component from the chloroform:methanol extract, and Aphv-a, -b, alkaline phosphate isozymes, have been previously shown to be associated with homoeologous chromosome group 4, which suggests that the added chromosome in the second group of addition lines is 4Mv

Eyespot resistance gene Pch-1 in H-93 wheat lines. Evidence of linkage to markers of chromosome group 7 and resolution from the endopeptídase locus Ep-Dlb

Gene Pch1, which confers resistance to eyespot disease (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides Fron), has been located on chromosome 7D in the H-93 wheat-Aegilops ventricosa transfer lines using isozyme markers and DNA probes corresponding to group 7 chromosomes. Previous experiments had failed to ascertain this location. The lack of segregation of the resistance trait in progeny from reciprocal crosses between lines H-93-70 and VPM1 indicates that their respective resistance factors are allelic. Line H-93-51 carries the endopeptidase allele Ep-D1b but is susceptible to eyespot, which indicates that resistance to eyespot is not a product of the Ep-D locus, as had been proposed in a previous hypohesi

Localización cromosómica de cuatro genes de peroxidasa de Clase III en trigo

In previous work, deduced amino acid sequences from twenty wheat peroxidase genes were assigned to seven groups designated as TaPrx108 to TaPrx114. Some of these apoplastic peroxidases, have previously shown to play different roles in the plant defense responses to infection by the cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae. In the present study, PCR marker analysis using Sears’s aneuploid wheat lines cv. ‘Chinese Spring’, was used to locate four genes encoding peroxidase isozymes. The TaPrx111-A, TaPrx112-D and TaPrx113-F genes were located on the short arm of chromosome 2B and the TaPrx109-C on the long arm of chromosome 1B. These results would agree with the synteny between wheat and rice chromosomes previously established in other studies.En un estudio previo se caracterizaron, alinearon y relacionaron 20 genes que codifican para peroxidasas en trigo. Las proteínas resultantes se asignaron a siete grupos, denominados TaPrx108 a TaPrx114, de acuerdo a la similitud entre ellas y con peroxidasas de Clase III de otras especies. En líneas de trigo resistentes al nemátodo Heterodera avenae, se ha demostrado que algunas de estas peroxidasas apoplásticas están relacionadas con las respuestas de defensa frente a la infección por dicho nematodo. En el presente estudio se localizaron cromosómicamente cuatro genes que codifican para enzimas peroxidasas mediante la reacción de PCR, utilizando pares de cebadores específicos para cada gen y ADN aislado de lineas de trigo aneuploides del cultivar Chinese Spring. Los genes TaPrx111-A, TaPrx112-D y TaPrx113-F fueron asignados al brazo corto del cromosoma 2B, mientras que el gen TaPrx109-C se localizó en el brazo largo del cromosoma 1B. Estos resultados mantendrían la sintenia previamente establecida entre los cromosomas de trigo y arroz.Fil: Simonetti, Ester. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biociencias Agrícolas y Ambientales; ArgentinaFil: Alba, E.. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; EspañaFil: Delibes, A.. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; Españ

Biochemical and cytological characterization of wheat/Aegilops ventricosa addition and transfer lines carrying chromosome 4MV

The gene encoding a variant of alcohol dehydrogenase, Adh-, has been found to be associated with the chromosome of the Mv genome which is present in type 9 wheat/Aegilops ventricosa addition line, to which the genes for protein CM-4 and for a phosphatase variant, Aph-v, had been previously assigned. Transfer line H-93-33, which has 42 chromosomes and has been derived from the cross (Triticum turgidum x Ae. ventricosa) x T. aestivum, carries genes encoding all three biochemical markers. Linkage between these genes has been demonstrated by analysis of individual kernels of the F2 (H-93-33 x T. aestivum cv. Almatense H-10-15). A study of the hybrids of line H-93-33 with T. aestivum H-10-15 and with the 4DS ditelosomic line has confirmed that, as suspected, the linkage group corresponds to chromosome 4Mv from Ae. ventricosa. Additionally, it has been found that the previously reported resistance of line H-93-33 to powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis) is also linked to the biochemical markers; this indicates that either the gene responsible for it is different from that in lines H-93-8 and H-93-35, or that a translocation between two different Mv chromosomes has occurred in line H-93-33

Ecosystem effects of variant rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus, Iberian Peninsula

Letter to the Editor.The Aragón monitoring scheme is run by the Fish and Game Department, Government of Aragón. M.D.M. was supported by a JAE-DOC contract (Programa Junta para la Ampliación de Estudios), funded by CSIC and the European Social Fund. C.F. was supported by a Post-Doctoral Fellowship funded by NSERC, Government of Canada. C.G. acknowledges EU-FP7 grant ANTIGONE (#278976) and the EMIDA ERA-NET and INIA grant APHAEA.Peer Reviewe