A hundred years of public grammar school in Berane

This paper was written for the anniversary, 100 years of public grammar school in Berane. Based on the preserved archival material, literature and published annual reports, this paper reviews the work and development of the school from 1913 till today. The paper also presents the selected statistical data on the number of students

Historians and modernity

Modernity investigates and explains the past, according to its standards and expectations. Historians are the researchers whose results are under the surveillance of the modern national ideology, current policies, institutions, and citizens. Everybody wants to monitor and evaluate, but they honestly do not help researchers and do not appreciate professionalism in the right way. The specificity of the past, its inaccessibility to direct research, lack and deficiency of the remains and sources of many research areas are objective obstacles to historical studies. It is undisputed that the outcomes of the research affects personality, knowledge, and ability of researchers, as well as their possible involvement. Impacts of ideology, politics, powerful groups, and individuals must not be neglected. The authors, based on the reference literature, research experiences, and reflections, tend to highlight some of these issues

Teacher training on application of historical method in teaching and professional development

Contemporary teaching of social sciences has a goal of transferring selected knowledge to students with as much of their active participation in the process of teaching as possible, primarily, through student activity while working with documents and sources of knowledge. It is necessary to provide students with minimal methodological training so that they would know how to critically assess original documents. A teacher trains students methodologically through work with selected examples, which requires basic knowledge of historical method and source criticism. it is assumed that students use acquired knowledge for later continuous professional development and self-education. With the aim of satisfying these needs, teachers of history and of other socio-humanistic sciences should be trained to apply the historical method and source criticism - written documents - to their teaching practice. The authors present main challenges of working with written sources. The paper rooted in the literature survey and the summary of experiences in teaching and researching history

Parliamentary elections in the srez of Berane in 1925 and 1927

During the second half of the 20s in the last century political circumstances in Berane and its narrow gravitational area were known by constant rivalry between two civil political parties where the National Radical Party and the Yugoslav Democratic Party as well as the new Independent Democratic Party that was formed after the split of the Yugoslav Democratic Party, were the most influential ones within the Serbian national corps. Some new party lists - the Association of Peasants and the Yugoslav Muslim Organization appeared for the first time during the elections in 1925 and 1927 while they were not part of the organized elections in the first half of the 20s. Moreover, the electoral struggles were also characterized by the appearance of 'factionary' party lists of candidates that were emphasized by certain local political leaders who were guided by their own ambitions, in spite of the orientation of the party headquarters especially among 'democrats'. The common characteristics of the elections in 1925 and 1927 were that they took part in the environment which did not have the developed tradition of political organizing, and then it was considered as the undeveloped agricultural area without economic, financial subjects or cultural institutions that could influence the content of campaign and the results of elections more seriously. In the area of district political parties that were active in the country competed with each other, while the individuals, who did not live in this area nor were even born in this region, were often members of these lists and had mandates. Furthermore, there was the separation of voters and also different lists from the same party were presented several times. The followers of Muhammad had recognizable profiled candidates and lists but it can be proved that religious differences were not the obstacle for becoming a candidate in the parties as well as in their common lists. The results of the elections in 1925 left Berane and its surrounding without 'its' Member of Parliament. Although Pavle Čubrović, the representative of the 'dissident list' of the Democratic Party, won the most votes, the fact that most voters elected the radicals' lists of candidates during the elections, decreased the importance of his result. However, two years later the result of the elections was completely different - the list of candidates of the Democratic Party won all three mandates for the Member of Parliament during the elections and therefore Čubrović became the Member of Parliament for the second time

Parlamentary elections in the District of Berane in 1920 and 1923

The lack of more significant political tradition due to the fact that Berane and the area of Donji Vasojevici were liberated from the Ottoman authorities in 1912, which lasted for many centuries, as well as the fact that only three years later a two-year period of AustroHungarian occupation took place, mainly predetermined the atmosphere of political life in the first years after Yugoslav unification in 1918. The underdevelopment of the party organizations and grouping based on denominational, tribal and even on belonging to some brotherhood, were characteristic for the beginnings of political subjects in Berane district. These were party organizations whose headquarters were settled in Belgrade, Sarajevo and Skopje and whose leaders were as in the case of other districts in the province, often resorted to emphasizing their candidature in them. There were also the individuals on the local political scene, mostly teachers or the civil servants, who were representatives of the party's ideas and programme in their surrounding and therefore also the incumbent candidates of their lists. During parliamentary elections in Berane in 1920 and 1923 the main political rivalry was between members of the radical and democratic party while it was characterised by fragmentation of the party namely emphasizing 'dissident' candidate list as the consequences of political ambitions of the individuals. Regarding the results of elections in 1920 and 1923, generally speaking, it can be said that during the first half of the 20s of the last century Democratic party dominated in Berane district. Berane got 'its' Member of the Parliament - 'a democrat' Pavle Cubrovic, PhD while in 1923 it no longer had its representative in the parliament. Namely, despite Cubrovic's triumph in Berane district, since his candidate list did not get enough votes in the first round of elections, the position of the Member of the Parliament 'escaped' him