Validating Printed and Electronic Version of Digital Natives Assessment Scale (DNAS)

Background and Objective: The educational system, each decade, faces special audience as learners. These students have special educational characteristics, needs, interests, and preferences that significantly improve the policies, quantity, and quality of the educational system services. The emergence of a generational phenomenon in academic discourses are addressed with themes such as "students of this period of time" and issues such as the differences between the students of the current period of time and the past with respect to motivation, scientific perseverance, academic interests, and academic ethics. The subject of the differences between the learners of one period and another is referred to as the generation gap. Generational issues are one of the most important themes in the field of education, especially higher education. In the early years of the 21st century, some theories about the new generation entering universities were proposed stating that these learners have certain characteristics due to their birth and growth in the age of technology. Labels such as Digital Natives, Millennial, Network Generation, and Digital Learner have been set. The present study aims to validate the Digital Native Characteristics Scale (DNAS). Methods: Regarding to the issue of validity consideration in electronic versions of the instruments; therefore, electronic and printed versions of this scale validated by descriptive-survey method. The population included 7320 undergraduate students of Birjand University who were studying in the academic year 2017-2018. The number of samples in the present study was 374 students who selected from 10 faculties of Birjand University based on the table of sample size of Krejcie and Morgan and using cluster sampling method. The sampling method was such that one class was randomly selected in each faculty, and about 50% of the class population randomly completed the Digital Natives Measurement Scale  electronically and the other 50% in print. Findings: The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that both electronic and printed versions had satisfactory validity and reliability. The scale revealed 4 features for digital natives, including: (1) grow up with technology; (2) reliance on the graphic in communication; (3) multitasking; and (4) instant feedback. The electronic version and printed version explained 65.71% and 62.43% of the variance respectively. The total reliability was obtained by Cronbach alpha for the electronic and printed version were α = 0.89 and α = 0.91 respectively. All four identified components in both print and electronic versions had optimum reliability. Conclusion: Comparing the psychometric characteristics of the two electronic and printed formats in the present study did not show a significant difference between these versions. According to the research findings that have confirmed the construct validity and reliability of this scale, this instrument can be used in future research for the purpose of measuring the characteristics of digital natives in Iranian culture and at the academic community. However, pre-university courses it require more research. Also, this instrument can be used for educational design and teaching purposes by educational designers and can be used to adapt the training to the characteristics of this generation. Despite the optimal validity and reliability of the scale in this research, it is recommended that new instruments be designed and validated in future research considering the findings of the present study and using generational theories in Iran.   ===================================================================================== COPYRIGHTS  ©2020 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.  ====================================================================================

Impact use of education model based on mobile learning environments on Social peresence and teaching peresence for intellectual schools students in mathematical lesson

Background and Objective:Mobile learning is a subset of e-learning and focuses on the use of portable learning tools. This method of learning allows learning regardless of time and place. In learning, students are able to learn from a variety of sources around the world. This enrichment leads to effective and meaningful learning. In addition, learners in this environment can change their learning environment and use a variety of learning experiences. The role of social (communication) and managerial processes (teaching and classroom skills) is also important in this regard. The purpose of this research is Impact use of education model based on mobile learning environments on Social peresence and teaching peresence for Smart schools students in mathematical lesson. Methods: in this research goal, a mixed methods research was used. In this research we used quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design with control group. Research statistical population included all girl students studying in Tehran Smart schools. In order to select the sample size using multi-stage cluster sampling method from among smart schools in Tehran, one school was selected and finally 15 people were in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to test the first and second hypotheses of the study. Findings: The results showed that the application of this model was effective on all dimensions of social presence and teaching presence in the experimental group compared to the control group (in the post-test). Conclusion:. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of the application of mobile learning model based on social presence and attendance of smart school learners in mathematics. The results of the analysis of research data indicate that the application of mobile learning model has a positive effect on social presence and the presence of smart school students teaching in mathematics. Students in the mobile learning management system scored higher than the other group trained in the traditional environment. This indicates the effectiveness of the environment designed for mobile learning in terms of social presence and teaching.   ===================================================================================== COPYRIGHTS  ©2019 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.  ====================================================================================

Impact analysis of accidents on the traffic flow based on massive floating car data

The wide usage of GPS-equipped devices enables the mass recording of vehicle movement trajectories describing the movement behavior of the traffic participants. An important aspect of the road traffic is the impact of anomalies, like accidents, on traffic flow. Accidents are especially important as they contribute to the the aspects of safety and also influence travel time estimations. In this paper, the impact of accidents is determined based on a massive GPS trajectory and accident dataset. Due to the missing precise date of the accidents in the data set used, first, the date of the accident is estimated based on the speed profile at the accident time. Further, the temporal impact of the accident is estimated using the speed profile of the whole day. The approach is applied in an experiment on a one month subset of the datasets. The results show that more than 72% of the accident dates are identified and the impact on the temporal dimension is approximated. Moreover, it can be seen that accidents during the rush hours and on high frequency road types (e.g. motorways, trunks or primaries) have an increasing effect on the impact duration on the traffic flow

Predictive Modelling of Seismic Hazard Applying Naïve Bayes and Granular Computing Classifiers

AbstractSeismic damage mapping is an imperative part of urban risk assessment and reduction plans, especially in Tehran, the capital of Iran, where a large population lives in a potentially active seismic area. In this paper, a Bayesian statistical classification has been compared with the granular computing (GrC) algorithm for seismic physical vulnerability assessment. Both classifiers are verified by accuracy measurements. The results show that GrC had a better performance for seismic vulnerability assessment. In addition, the city of Tehran is judged to have a severe situation against possible earthquakes

A hybrid GIS-assisted framework to integrate Dempster–Shafer theory of evidence and fuzzy sets in risk analysis: an application in hydrocarbon exploration

One of the most important reasons for the existence of geologic risk during the hydrocarbon exploration process is related to uncertainties in geospatial data and models employed for data fusion. This study proposes a geospatial information system-assisted approach integrated with soft computing methods to manage spatial uncertainties during the hydrocarbon exploration process. A framework was designed to illustrate the process of calculating the geologic risk interval of each hydrocarbon structure and its estimation of uncertainties. The model enhances the geologic risk analysis of a Dempster–Shafer data-driven method by a fuzzy logic approach. The resultant hybrid method showed high predictive power with the area under the success and predictive curves being 82.2 and 75.9%, respectively. According to the results, the proposed hybrid method has improved the quality of risk analysis

Predisposing And Precipitating Risk Factors For Suicide Ideations And Suicide Attempts In Young And Adolescent Girls

Background: To investigate the predisposing and precipitating risk factors for suicide ideations and suicide attempts in young and adolescent females, we tried to introduce a holistic model of suicidal behavior in young and adolescent girls. Methods: This study is based on the survey studies and was cross-sectional. Considering high rates of suicide attempts in provinces of Iran, three provinces (Kermanshah, Hamedan, Ilam) which had the highest rates of completed suicide were selected. Then among female high school students (aged 14 to 21 years), in two stages a representative sample was selected by a multi-clusteral and simple randomized sampling methods. The research data were gathered by administering (1) The inventory of predisposing and precipitating factors of suicide, demographic and family characteristics (based on the literature review) (2) Symptom Check List (SCL) 90-R (3) Suicidality Subscale of the Depressive Symptom Index (DSI-SS) (4) Center for Epidemiological Studies (CED- SSI) (5) Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and (6) Child Abuse Self Report Scale (CASRS). Then, subjects were characterized by dividing them in to two categories: at risk, and low risk. The scores of 2 categories were analyzed and discussed. Results: Relationships were found between suicide ideations and psychological problems and disorders (especially depression). Also, the students who reported suicide ideation and suicide attempt had a history of being abused. Based on the results, predisposing and precipitating risk factors and also some protective factors of suicide ideations and suicide attempts were found and a theoretical model was presented. Conclusion: Some predisposing, precipitating and protective factors can predict suicide ideation and suicide attempts significantly

Towards integration of LADM and CityGML for the cadastral system of Turkey

With the rapid urbanization and the dynamics in land transactions, Turkish cadastre, as in many other countries, is facing challenges in the daily recording of sales, donations, taxations, and mortgages on land. Especially with the modern constructions and complex interrelationships of rights, restrictions, and responsibilities (RRR), the third dimension should not be forgotten. In this context, the design of a new cadastre data model for Turkey is essential. Inspired by this need, with this study, we aim in proposing a new cadastre model based on international standards such as Land Administration Data Model (LADM) and CityGML. LADM represents the legal and administrative aspects of the cadastral objects but does not show the semantic and 3D geometrical representation of physical cadastral objects which are required for the process of 3D cadastre. Therefore, in the paper, we propose an Application Domain Extension (ADE) for the cadastral objects that expands the integration of LADM and CityGML data model with the legal and administrative concepts defined in the Turkish Law. The study presents a detailed overview of the Turkish legal cadastre system and a proposal for its physical realization based on international standards. In addition, the developed ADE is also valuable for cadastral services undertaken by the General Directorate of Land Registry and Cadastre (GDLRC). It could also be used as a basis of a 3D national data standard for cadastral information systems