Relational Listening: Fostering Effective Communication Practices in Diverse Organizational Environments

[Excerpt] Interest in managing workforce diversity in the hospitality industry has grown steadily over the past several decades. Women, for example, are entering service industries and moving into managerial positions at an unprecedented rate (Del Sesto, 1993); the percentage of older workers has also risen (DeMicco & Reid, 1988; Sillies, DeMicco, Kavanaugh, & Mann, 1994). Furthermore, the introduction of legislation in compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act presents new challenges as innovative programs are put into place to accommodate disabled employees (Woods & Kavanaugh, 1992; Smith, 1992). As our world becomes a global village, members of the hospitality workforce will require skills and attitudes that foster understanding and collaboration between individuals with different values and perspectives (Christensen, 1993; Gamio & Sneed, 1992; Griffin, 1992; Mill, 1994; Powers, 1992)

An electrochromic ionic liquid: design, characterisation and performance in a solid state platform

This work describes the synthesis and characteristics of a novel electrochromic ionic liquid (IL) based on a phosphonium core tethered to a viologen moiety. When integrated into a solid-state electrochromic platform, the viologen modified IL behaved as both the electrolyte and the electrochromic material. Platform fabrication was achieved through in situ photo-polymerisation and encapsulation of this novel IL within a hybrid sol-gel. Important parameters of the platform performance, including its coloration efficiency, switching kinetics and optical properties were characterised using UV/Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry in tandem. The electrochromic platform exhibits a coloration efficiency of 10.72 cm2C-1, and a varied optical output as a function of the incident current. Despite the rather viscous nature of the material, the platform exhibited approximately two orders of magnitude faster switching kinetics (221 seconds to reach 95 % absorbance) when compared to previously reported electrochromic ILs (18,000 seconds)

BF 4 (py = pyridine): Evidence for spin exchange along strongly distorted F⋯H⋯F - bridges in a one-dimensional polymeric chain

Figure Persented: [Ni(HF 2)(3-Clpy) 4]BF 4 (py = pyridine) is a simple one-dimensional (1D) coordination polymer composed of compressed NiN 4F 2 octahedra that form chains with bridging HF 2- ligands. In spite of significant distortion of the HF 2- bridge, a quasi-1D antiferromagnetic (AFM) behavior was observed with J FHF = 4.86 K. © 2012 American Chemical Society

Influence of HF2- geometry on magnetic interactions elucidated from polymorphs of the metalorganic framework [Ni(HF2)(pyz)2]PF6 (pyz = pyrazine)

A tetragonal polymorph of [Ni(HF(2))(pyz)(2)]PF(6) (designated β) is isomorphic to its SbF(6)-congener at 295 K and features linear Ni-FHF-Ni pillars. Enhancements in the spin exchange (J(FHF) = 7.7 K), Néel temperature (T(N) = 7 K), and critical field (B(c) = 24 T) were found relative to monoclinic α-PF(6). DFT reveals that the HF(2)(-) bridges are significantly better mediators of magnetic exchange than pyz (J(pyz)), where J(FHF) ≈ 3J(pyz), thus leading to quasi-1D behavior. Spin density resides on all atoms of the HF(2)(-) bridge whereas N-donor atoms of the pyz ring bear most of the density

[Ni(HF2)(3-Clpy)4]BF4(py = pyridine): Evidence for Spin Exchange Along Strongly Distorted F···H···F Bridges in a One-Dimensional Polymeric Chain

Figure Persented: [Ni(HF 2)(3-Clpy) 4]BF 4 (py = pyridine) is a simple one-dimensional (1D) coordination polymer composed of compressed NiN 4F 2 octahedra that form chains with bridging HF 2- ligands. In spite of significant distortion of the HF 2- bridge, a quasi-1D antiferromagnetic (AFM) behavior was observed with J FHF = 4.86 K. © 2012 American Chemical Society