The role of alcohol specific socialization in adolescents’ drinking behavior.

ABSTRACT Aims To determine which alcohol-specific socialization practices are related to adolescents' alcohol use, and to investigate whether parents differ in their alcohol-specific socialization towards their children. Design In a sample of 428 families, both parents and two adolescents (aged 13-16 years) completed a questionnaire at home about alcohol-specific parenting and their own alcohol use. Based on the reports of each family member, three different models of alcohol-specific socialization were formulated: from the perspective of the siblings, the mother and the father. Findings Results of structural equation modelling generally showed the same associations between alcohol-specific socialization and drinking of younger and older adolescents. The strongest association was found for providing alcoholspecific rules. Applying strict rules about alcohol use was negatively related to adolescents' alcohol use; this was also the case for having confidence in the effectiveness of alcohol-specific socialization. Unexpectedly, frequency of communication about alcohol issues was positively associated with alcohol consumption of adolescents. Conclusions This study is one of the first to examine associations between alcohol-specific socialization and adolescents' drinking using a between-and a within-family design. Results showed strong associations between alcoholspecific socialization (particularly of enforcing rules) and adolescent alcohol use. Although parents strongly differentiated their socialization practices between children, no differences in associations between alcohol-specific socialization and drinking were found between older and younger adolescents

Elaboração e estudo de propriedades psicométricas do Inventário de Práticas Parentais Elaboration and psychometric evaluation of the Parental Practices Inventory

O objetivo deste estudo é construir um inventário das práticas de socialização empregadas por pais e mães com filhos na idade escolar. A necessidade de construir e de verificar as qualidades psicométricas desta nova medida das práticas parentais, baseada nas teorias socio-cognitivas e sistêmicas, é sistematicamente apresentada. Uma amostra de 106 pais, de ambos os sexos, de crianças com idades que variam entre seis e dez anos foi utilizada para se verificarem as propriedades psicométricas dessa primeira versão. Os resultados obtidos com a amostra em estudo, especificamente aqueles relativos às análises de itens e de dimensões, das correlações e da estrutura fatorial exploratória, corroboram mais fortemente o construto teórico do que as fortes previsões sugeridas por cálculos de correlação interdimensões. Pesquisas são ainda necessárias a fim de prosseguir os estudos psicométricos do IPP.<br>The goal of this study is to develop a Parental Practices Inventory (IPP) assessing mothers and fathers’ socialization behaviors with school-age children. The need to build and verify the psychometric characteristics of the new instrument, based on social-cognition and systemic theoretical viewpoints, is systematically presented. A sample of 106 parents mothers and fathers with children aged from 6 to 10 years old was utilized to assess the psychometrics characteristics of the first version. Item and dimension analysis, correlation and exploratory factor analysis were performed on the results, which support the theoretical construct of the instrument. Further studies are still needed to obtain more data about the validity of the instrument IPP