70 research outputs found
Two Plus One Equals One: A Response to Brook Ziporyn
Brook Ziporyn argues that our dialetheism is too tame, at least with respect to Tiantai Buddhism. He argues first that from the standpoint of Tiantai no assertions are meant to be true at all, that all use of language is nothing but upāya. He then argues that in Tiantai not only some but all contradictions are true. He grounds both of these claims on the further claim that in Tiantai the relation between the two truths is identity. We reject all of these claims, arguing that the relation of round fusion between the two truths is not that of identity, that some claims, even in Tiantai, are meant to be truth-evaluable, and that even in Tiantai there are some claims that are simply false, that not all contradictions are true
Logic of alternative-I
This paper aims to construct a logic of alternative-I that provides a proper conceptual framework for talk of possible-I in decision-making context, and thereby solves what we call the paradox of possible-I. The model of our logic, Alt-I model, is an adaptation of N. Belnap’s branching-time model, and the STIT (see to it that) operator defined on the model serves to represent choices and decisions made by actual and counterfactual agents. We conclude this paper by discussing the application of Alt-I model to the case of digital twins, digital copies of a person
Mixbiotic society measures: Assessment of community well-going as living system
Social isolation is caused by the impoverishment of community (atomism) and
fragmentation is caused by the enlargement of in-group (mobism), both of which
can be viewed as social problems related to communication. To solve these
problems, the philosophical world has proposed the concept of "mixbiotic
society," in which individuals with freedom and diverse values mix and mingle
to recognize their respective "fundamental incapability" each other and
sublimate into solidarity. Based on this concept, this study proposes new
mixbiotic society measures to evaluate dynamic communication patterns with
reference to classification in cellular automata and particle reaction
diffusion that simulate living phenomena. Specifically, the hypothesis of
measures corresponding to the four classes was formulated, and the hypothesis
was validated by simulating the generation and disappearance of communication.
As a result, considering communication patterns as multidimensional vectors, it
found that the mean of Euclidean distance for "mobism," the variance of the
relative change in distance for "atomism," the composite measure that
multiplies the mean and variance of cosine similarity for "mixism," which
corresponds to the well-going of mixbiotic society, and the almost zero
measures for "nihilism," are suitable. Then, evaluating seven real-society
datasets using these measures, we showed that the mixism measure is useful for
assessing the livingness of communication, and that it is possible to typify
communities based on plural measures. The measures established in this study
are superior to conventional analysis in that they can evaluate dynamic
patterns, they are simple to calculate, and their meanings are easy to
interpret. As a future development, the mixbiotic society measures will be used
in the fields of digital democracy and platform cooperativism toward a
desirable society.Comment: 52 pages, 10 figure
Mixbiotic society measures: Comparison of organizational structures based on communication simulation
The philosophical world has proposed the concept of "mixbiotic society," in
which individuals with freedom and diverse values mix and mingle to recognize
their respective "fundamental incapability" each other and sublimate into
solidarity, toward solving the issues of social isolation and fragmentation.
Based on this concept, the mixbiotic society measures have been proposed to
evaluate dynamic communication patterns with reference to classification in
cellular automata and particle reaction-diffusion that simulate living
phenomena. In this paper, we applied these measures to five typologies of
organizational structure (Red: impulsive, Amber: adaptive, Orange: achievement,
Green: pluralistic, and Teal: evolutionary) and evaluated their features.
Specifically, we formed star, tree, tree+jumpers, tree+more jumpers, and
small-world type networks corresponding to each of five typologies, conducted
communication simulations on these networks, and calculated values for
mixbiotic society measures. The results showed that Teal organization has the
highest value of the mixism measure among mixbiotic society measures, i.e., it
balances similarity (mixing) and dissimilarity (mingling) in communication, and
is living and mixbiotic between order and chaos. Measures other than mixism
showed that in Teal organization, information is not concentrated in a central
leader and that communication takes place among various members. This
evaluation of organizational structures shows that the mixbiotic society
measures is also useful for assessing organizational change. In the future,
these measures will be used not only in business organizations, but also in
digital democratic organizations and platform cooperatives in conjunction with
information technology.Comment: 25 pages, 6 figure
Rational Choice Hypothesis as X-point of Utility Function and Norm Function
Towards the realization of a sustainable, fair and inclusive society, we
proposed a novel decision-making model that incorporates social norms in a
rational choice model from the standpoints of deontology and utilitarianism. We
proposed a hypothesis that interprets choice of action as the X-point for
individual utility function that increases with actions and social norm
function that decreases with actions. This hypothesis is based on humans
psychologically balancing the value of utility and norms in selecting actions.
Using the hypothesis and approximation, we were able to isolate and infer
utility function and norm function from real-world measurement data of actions
on environmental conditions and elucidate the interaction between the both
functions that led from current status to target actions. As examples of
collective data that aggregate decision-making of individuals, we looked at the
changes in power usage before and after the Great East Japan Earthquake and the
correlation between national GDP and CO2 emission in different countries. The
first example showed that the perceived benefits of power (i.e., utility of
power usage) was stronger than the power usage restrictions imposed by norms
after the earthquake, contrary to our expectation. The second example showed
that a reduction of CO2 emission in each country was not related to utility
derived from GDP but to norms related to CO2 emission. Going forward, we will
apply this new X-point model to actual social practices involving normative
problems, and design the approaches for the diagnosis, prognosis and
intervention of social systems by IT systems.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures. Published online at
http://redfame.com/journal/index.php/aef/article/view/4890 . Related to
arXiv:2002.0903
Sustainability and Fairness Simulations Based on Decision-Making Model of Utility Function and Norm Function
We introduced a decision-making model based on value functions that included individualistic utility function and socio-constructivistic norm function and proposed a norm-fostering process that recursively updates norm function through mutual recognition between the self and others. As an example, we looked at the resource-sharing problem typical of economic activities and assumed the distribution of individual actions to define the (1) norm function fostered through mutual comparison of value/action ratio based on the equity theory (progressive tax-like), (2) norm function proportional to resource utilization (proportional tax-like) and (3) fixed norm function independent of resource utilization (fixed tax-like). By carrying out numerical simulation, we showed that the progressive tax-like norm function (i) does not increase disparity for the distribution of the actions, unlike the other norm functions, and (ii) has high resource productivity and low Gini coefficient. Therefore the progressive tax-like norm function has the highest sustainability and fairness
Successful management of tracheo-innominate artery fistula with endovascular stent graft repair
AbstractTracheo-innominate artery fistula is a highly lethal complication after tracheostomy. A 37-year-old man who had undergone a tracheostomy 14 years earlier because of dysphagia after brain surgery had a tracheo-innominate artery fistula with exsanguinating hemorrhage from his tracheostomy site. After temporary control of the bleeding, a stent graft was implanted in the innominate artery through the brachial artery. The patient recovered uneventfully and remained well 14 months after the procedure, with no sign of infection. Endovascular stent grafting may be the treatment of choice for patients with tracheo-innominate artery fistula. (J Vasc Surg 2001;33:1280-2.
Some adverse actions of chlorothalonil at sublethal levels in rat thymic lymphocytes : Its relation to Zn2+
Chlorothalonil, a polychlorinated aromatic fungicide, is considered non-toxic to small mammals. However, chlorothalonil inactivates sulfhydryl enzymes and depletes cellular glutathione. Chlorothalonil increases intracellular Zn2+ concentration ([Zn2+]i) in mammalian cells possibly because intracellular Zn2+ is released via zinc-thiol/disulfide interchange. The effects of chlorothalonil at sublethal concentrations on the cellular content of nonprotein thiols ([NPT]i) and [Zn2+]i were examined using flow cytometry in rat thymocytes. Low concentrations (0.3–1 μM) of chlorothalonil increased, but high concentrations (3–10 μM) decreased [NPT]i. These effects of chlorothalonil were partly attenuated by an intracellular Zn2+ chelator. Chlorothalonil at 0.3–10 μM increased [Zn2+]i in a concentration-dependent manner, which was largely dependent on the release of intracellular Zn2+. Both the decrease in [NPT]i and increase in [Zn2+]i increase the vulnerability of cells to oxidative stress. Chlorothalonil at 1–10 μM potentiated the cytotoxicity of H2O2 (300 μM). It was also the case for 10 μM pentachloronitrobenzene, but not 10 μM pentachlorophenol. In conclusion, chlorothalonil at low (sublethal) micromolar concentrations is cytotoxic to mammalian cells under oxidative stress
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