Review on Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Breeding in Ethiopia

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is a self-pollinated diploid species with 2n = 26 chromosomes. Sesame improvement research in Ethiopia was started in the late l960s at Werer Agricultural Research Center. The objective of sesame breeding in Ethiopia is to develop the potential by creating cultivars which meet the demands of the sesame farmers, processor and user. The improvement of sesame has lagged behind due to a lack of research shortage of trained personnel, limited financial support and limited international cooperation. Although Indeterminate flowering nature and shattering of capsules at maturity, insects, pests and diseases, heat and drought, among other things are the major factors for low yields of sesame are seen as the challenges of the crop breeding. Suitability of different agro ecology, availability of genetic resource and diversities, market proximity, mutation breeding and different biotechnology approaches are some opportunities of Sesame breeding in Ethiopia. Application of biotechnology together with conventional breeding methods is a valuable approach for breeding superior varieties in a short period of time. Keywords: diversity, importance, opportunities and Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/9-17-07 Publication date:September 30th 201

Verification of Fungicide and Its Application Frequency for Management of Frog Eye Leaf Spot (Cercospora capcisi) on Hot Pepper Under Rain Fed Condition at Bako

Cercospora leaf spot is caused by Cercospora capcisi is an important disease which reduces the productivity of hot pepper (Capsicum spp.). Field experiment was conducted to evaluate different fungicides and its application frequencies against Cercospora leaf spot in order to select an important fungicides and its application frequency at Bako Agricultural Research Center. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replication. Two different fungicides (Mancozeb 80WP and Trust-Cymocop 439.5WP) and four application frequencies (two, three, four and five) times with untreated control were used.  Data on disease severity, area under disease progress curve, marketable yield and unmarketable yield of hot pepper were recorded. The result revealed that, both fungicides sprayed control Cercospora leaf spot which is significantly different from untreated check in disease severity, area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and marketable yield. However, application frequencies of fungicides were not significantly different on disease severity, AUDPC and marketable yield of the plant. Application of Trust Cymocop 439.5WP reduces 26.67% relative yield loss of hot pepper over control check. An economic analysis was done for fungicides and shows feasibility of fungicide application for management of Cercospora leaf spot. Fungicide which has the highest Marginal Rate of Return was used for recommendation. Two times application of Trust-Cymocop 439.5WP was recommended to reduce disease severity and yield loss of the plant. Keywords: Cercospora leaf spot, frequency, hot pepper, and trust-Cymocop 439.5WP DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/12-9-01 Publication date:May 31st 202

Verification of Fungicide and Its Application Frequency for Management of Frog eye Leaf Spot (Cercospora capcisi) on Hot Pepper Under Rain Fed Condition at Bako

Cercospora leaf spot is caused by Cercospora capcisi is an important disease which reduces the productivity of hot pepper (Capsicum spp.). Field experiment was conducted to evaluate different fungicides and its application frequencies against Cercospora leaf spot in order to select an important fungicides and its application frequency at Bako Agricultural Research Center. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replication. Two different fungicides (Mancozeb 80WP and Trust-Cymocop 439.5WP) and four application frequencies (two, three, four and five) times with untreated control were used.  Data on disease severity, area under disease progress curve, marketable yield and unmarketable yield of hot pepper were recorded. The result revealed that, both fungicides sprayed control Cercospora leaf spot which is significantly different from untreated check in disease severity, area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and marketable yield. However, application frequencies of fungicides were not significantly different on disease severity, AUDPC and marketable yield of the plant. Application of Trust Cymocop 439.5WP reduces 26.67% relative yield loss of hot pepper over control check. An economic analysis was done for fungicides and shows feasibility of fungicide application for management of Cercospora leaf spot. Fungicide which has the highest Marginal Rate of Return was used for recommendation. Two times application of Trust-Cymocop 439.5WP was recommended to reduce disease severity and yield loss of the plant. Keywords: Cercospora leaf spot, frequency, hot pepper, and trust-Cymocop 439.5WP DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/9-20-01 Publication date:October 31st 201