Migration of Skilled Professionals from Developing Countries: Study of India

This paper is focused on the socio-economic analysis on skilled labour migration from India to Unites states and its impact on India. To complete this aim, research design were made that enables to come up with solutions to the problem encountered during the research. The analysis in this work is based on primary data obtained from samples of qualified (skilled) migrants of India. The findings from this study suggest that the skilled labour migration does make contributions to the development of India in terms of human capital; the most important contributions were in technology transfer, remittances, entrepreneurship, philanthropy and social networking. Keywords: International migration, remittances, brain-drain, socio-economic analysis, diaspor

A study of etiology and epidemiology of onychomycosis from a tertiary care hospital in North India

Background: Onychomycosis is the fungal infec­tion of nail of which the incidence varies from 0.5-12% in India and around 5% worldwide.Onychomycosis is considered to be gender and age-related disease, being commoner in males and older adults in both genders. Apart from dermatophytes, other fungal agents like yeasts and non-dermatophyte moulds are increasingly being acknowledged as important etiological agents for the same. Our aim was to study the etiology of the nail infections in patients presenting to a dermatology department in a tertiary care hospital in central Delhi.Methods: This study included nail samples from patients of various age groups with suspected onychomycosis attending dermatology clinics in our hospital over a period of 2 years. For all samples, KOH wet mount microscopic examination followed by culture on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar was done. Growth of filamentous fungi and yeast obtained on SDA were identified using conventional microbiology techniques. Statistical analysis was performed using Epitools.Results: Of the total 1061 nail samples received, maximum prevalence seen in patients of age group 21 to 50 years. The positivity of onychomycosis was 57.02%. Out of culture positive samples, 24.62% grew dermatophytes and 75.37% grew non-dermatophytes (31.40% yeasts and 43.97% non-dermatophyte moulds). Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the most common (59.73%) dermatophyte followed by T. rubrum (23.49%) while among non-dermatophyte moulds; Aspergillus niger (20.68%) was the most common followed by A. flavus (16.54%) and others. Common yeasts included Candida spp. (65.79%) and Trichosporon spp. (28.95%).Conclusions: Non- dermatophytes are emerging as major etiological agents of onychomycosis which may be accounted various host factors. So, it becomes important to correctly identify the causative fungi to ensure appropriate treatment

Classifier-Based Text Simplification for Improved Machine Translation

Machine Translation is one of the research fields of Computational Linguistics. The objective of many MT Researchers is to develop an MT System that produce good quality and high accuracy output translations and which also covers maximum language pairs. As internet and Globalization is increasing day by day, we need a way that improves the quality of translation. For this reason, we have developed a Classifier based Text Simplification Model for English-Hindi Machine Translation Systems. We have used support vector machines and Na\"ive Bayes Classifier to develop this model. We have also evaluated the performance of these classifiers.Comment: In Proceedings of International Conference on Advances in Computer Engineering and Applications 201

SOIL HEALTH STATUS OF SELECT VILLAGE OF DISTRICT SONIPAT, HARYANA AND WAY FORWARD

Soil health and fertility are the basis for gaining sustainable profit through higher productivity by the farmers. Using optimal doses of fertilizers and cropping pattern as per the scientific recommendations is the first step towards sustainable farming. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the most important component in maintaining soil quality because of its role in improving physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil. Organic matter is an important source of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. Soil Health card is a Government of India's scheme promoted by the Department of Agriculture & Co-operation under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare, apart from giving the health index of soil, will also indicate fertilizer recommendations and soil amendment required for the farm. Under Govt. of Haryana sanctioned Soil Health Card project, ARF carried out the fertility status study of 3000 acres of land of village Baroda Mor, block Mundlana, Tehsil Gohana, Sonipat, Haryana and distribute the cards well before the harvesting of Rabi crop with proper recommendation on dosage of appropriate fertilizer as per deficiency of essential nutrient parameter. View Article DOI: 10.47856/ijaast.2021.v08i6.00

Impact of Pre-Harvest Environmental Factors on the Survival of Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli and Salmonella on Lettuce

Enteric diseases linked to fresh produce consumption are on a rise. Pathogens can contaminate produce in the pre-harvest field and can survive for long time periods. Thus, this study quantified the survival of Enterohemorrhagic E.coli and Salmonella on pre-harvest lettuce under two relative humidity and seasonal conditions. The effect of relative humidity on pathogen survival depended on the seasonal conditions. The impact of chlorine stress on survival of the two pathogens after exposure to pre-harvest variables was also determined. A single EHEC strain developed resistance to chlorine after 3 days on lettuce plants. Gene expression analysis revealed the up-regulation of genes involved in osmotic and cell envelope stress. Up-regulation of a gene involved in oxidative stress was also observed which could possibly be responsible for imparting resistance to chlorine stress. Understanding these aspects will help develop effective post-harvest decontamination strategies to reduce consumer exposure to such pathogens on produce

Structural-conformational aspects of tRNA complexation with chloroethyl nitrosourea derivatives: A molecular modeling and spectroscopic investigation

Chloroethyl nitrosourea derivatives (CENUs) represent an important family of anticancer chemotherapeutic agents, which are used in the treatment of different types of cancer such as brain tumors, resistant or relapsed Hodgkin's disease, small cell lung cancer and malignant melanoma. This work focuses towards understanding the interaction of chloroethyl nitrosourea derivatives; lomustine, nimustine and semustine with tRNA using spectroscopic approach in order to elucidate their auxiliary anticancer action mechanism inside the cell. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy were employed to investigate the binding parameters of tRNA-CENUs complexation. Results of present study demonstrate that all CENUs, studied here, interact with tRNA through guanine nitrogenous base residues and possibly further crosslink cytosine residues in paired region of tRNA. Moreover, spectral data collected for nimustine-tRNA and semustine-tRNA complex formation indicates towards the groove-directed-alkylation as their anti-malignant action, which involves the participation of uracil moiety located in major groove of tRNA. Besides this, tRNA-CENUs adduct formation did not alter the native conformation of biopolymer and tRNA remains in A-form after its interaction with all three nitrosourea derivatives studied. The binding constants (K-a) estimated for tRNA complexation with lomustine, nimustine and semustine are 2.55 x 10(2) M-1, 4.923 x 10(2) M-1 and 4.223 x 10(2) M-1 respectively, which specify weak type of CENU's binding with tRNA. Moreover, molecular modeling simulations were also performed to predict preferential binding orientation of CENUs with tRNA that corroborates well with spectral outcomes. The findings, presented here, recognize tRNA binding properties of CENUs that can further help in rational designing of more specific and efficient RNA targeted chemotherapeutic agents

Structural-conformational aspects of tRNA complexation with chloroethyl nitrosourea derivatives: A molecular modeling and spectroscopic investigation

Chloroethyl nitrosourea derivatives (CENUs) represent an important family of anticancer chemotherapeutic agents, which are used in the treatment of different types of cancer such as brain tumors, resistant or relapsed Hodgkin's disease, small cell lung cancer and malignant melanoma. This work focuses towards understanding the interaction of chloroethyl nitrosourea derivatives; lomustine, nimustine and semustine with tRNA using spectroscopic approach in order to elucidate their auxiliary anticancer action mechanism inside the cell. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy, circular dichroism spectroscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy were employed to investigate the binding parameters of tRNA-CENUs complexation. Results of present study demonstrate that all CENUs, studied here, interact with tRNA through guanine nitrogenous base residues and possibly further crosslink cytosine residues in paired region of tRNA. Moreover, spectral data collected for nimustine-tRNA and semustine-tRNA complex formation indicates towards the groove-directed-alkylation as their anti-malignant action, which involves the participation of uracil moiety located in major groove of tRNA. Besides this, tRNA-CENUs adduct formation did not alter the native conformation of biopolymer and tRNA remains in A-form after its interaction with all three nitrosourea derivatives studied. The binding constants (K-a) estimated for tRNA complexation with lomustine, nimustine and semustine are 2.55 x 10(2) M-1, 4.923 x 10(2) M-1 and 4.223 x 10(2) M-1 respectively, which specify weak type of CENU's binding with tRNA. Moreover, molecular modeling simulations were also performed to predict preferential binding orientation of CENUs with tRNA that corroborates well with spectral outcomes. The findings, presented here, recognize tRNA binding properties of CENUs that can further help in rational designing of more specific and efficient RNA targeted chemotherapeutic agents