Prevalence of head injury and associated factors among trauma patients visiting surgical emergency department of Gondar University Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia 2016. Across-sectional study

Background: Traumatic head injury is a common and leading cause of presentations to emergency departments. The burden is prominent in low and middle income countries and the major cause of death and disability. Objective: To assess the prevalence of head injury and associated factors among trauma patients visiting surgical emergency department of Gondar University Referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2016. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was employed with a total sample size of 260 participants from March to April 2016. The study was conducted at Gondar University Referral Hospital, Surgical Emergency Department. A systematic random sampling technique was employed. And the data checked for completeness, consistency and accuracy, entered to EPI info version 3.5.1 and imported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify factors associated with head injury. P < 0.05, and Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval were computed to determine the level of significance. Results: Out of 260 trauma cases, 105 (40.5%) were found to be head injuries. Being a male (AOR = 5.33; 95% CI, 2.095–13.57), being a daily labourer (AOR = 2.873; 95% CI, 1.56–22.090), being unintentional injury (AOR = 3.360; 95% CI, 1.08–10.46), being illiterate (AOR = 2.7; 95% CI, 1.007–7.47), and were statically significant. Conclusion: The prevalence of head injury was high and being male, being illiterate, a daily labourer and an unintentional injury were determinants. The appropriate prevention measure is the need to decrease the magnitude of head injuries. Keywords: Emergency department, Head injury, Traum

Consequences of obstetric fistula in sub Sahara African countries, from patients’ perspective: a systematic review of qualitative studies

Abstract Background Women with fistula live in a state of distress and in fear of their future life. An obstetric fistula has a devastating impact on affected women and their families. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the evidence from published articles on the consequences of obstetric fistula on women who endure the condition. Methods The consequences were systematically reviewed from purely qualitative and mixed method primary studies. The literatures were searched through the search engines Google, Google scholar, Hinari using Pub Med data bases, and citation tracking. Relevant source of publications were searched for primary qualitative studies by formulating search protocol using related search terms. Time (articles published between January first of 2007 and 30th September 2016), participants (women who experienced obstetric fistula due to obstructed labor complications), types of study (purely qualitative and mixed method primary articles), findings (reporting consequences/impacts of obstetric fistula) were used as inclusion criteria. The quality appraisal tool for qualitative studies and the critical appraisal skills program were used to appraise the quality of the studies. The findings of sixteen studies were included in the review. The data were collected and then a thematic framework approach was applied for analysis. Results The thematic categories shared across most studies were related to the physical challenges of losing body control, women’s social and family relationships, and the challenges of losing income. Obstetric fistula has far reaching consequences on women’s physical well being, social and marital relationships, mental health and economic capacity. Fistula also challenged women coping abilities. Conclusion The consequences of obstetric fistula are far more than the visible medical condition. Little evidence is available on mental health, child and fertility issues, and coping mechanisms. Therefore, further researches shall be aimed at addressing the understudied area and suitable interventions shall be offered to improve women’s overall quality of life

Knowledge, practices and associated factors regarding intravenous fluid electrolyte managements among Jimma University Medical Center Nurses, Southwest Ethiopia: Institution based Cross-Sectional study

Background: Understanding of fluid compartments within the body and how fluid moves between these compartments helps the nurses to make a competent assessment of fluid and electrolyte balance. Maintaining homeostasis in the body by correct fluid and electrolyte balance is one of the key issues extremely important for health. Objective: The study aimed to assess the nurses’ knowledge, practices and associated factors regarding intravenous fluid electrolyte managements at Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia, 2018. Methods: An Institution based Cross-Sectional study was conducted from March to May. 422 participants were randomly selected and data was collected using self-administered questionnaire. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The associated factors were identified using Binary and multiple logistic regression models. P-values < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Result: The result showed that 59.6% and 88.3% of participants had adequate knowledge and good practice respectively. Professional attainment ((AOR = 2.561, 95% CI: 1.645–3.898)), experience ((AOR = 0.8.953, 95% CI: 2.399–33.410)) and respective unit/ward ((AOR = 2.092, 95% CI: 0.499–8.765)) were factors associated with knowledge. While education on intravenous fluid electrolyte (IVF) ((AOR = 3.748, 95% CI: 1.816–7.736)), presence of guide line in the unit ((AOR = 5.414, 95% CI: 1.889–15.518)), presence of fluid balance chart in the unit ((AOR = 3.412, 95% CI: 1.608–7.240)) and experience were associated with practice. Conclusion and recommendation: More than half and majority of respondents have had adequate knowledge good practice respectively. However, there is still knowledge and practice gap regarding intravenous fluid electrolyte managements. Therefore it is recommended to provide in service training and education for nurses

Complete childhood vaccination and associated factors among children aged 12–23 months in Dabat demographic and health survey site, Ethiopia, 2022

Abstract Introduction Childhood immunization is one of the most cost-effective public health strategies to prevent children’s mortality and morbidity from infectious diseases, but the Covid-19 pandemic and associated disruptions have strained health systems, and worldwide 25 million children missing out on vaccination in 2021. Of the 25 million, more than 60% of these children live in 10 countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess complete childhood vaccination coverage and associated factors in the Dabat district. Method A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 10/2020 to January 10/2021Gregorian Calendar. The data for this study was extracted from information collected for the assessment of maternal, Neonatal, and Child Health and health services utilization in the Dabat demographic and health survey site. Vaccine-related data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to identify the presence and the direction of the association. Results Based on vaccination cards and mothers/caretakers’ recall 30.9% (95%CI: 27.9-34.1%) of children aged 12–23 months in the Dabat district were completely immunized. Urban residency [AOR 1.813, 95% CI: (1.143, 2.878)], delivered in the health facility [AOR = 5.925, 95% CI: (3.680, 9.540)], ANC follow-up during their pregnancy [AOR 2.023, 95% CI: (1.352, 3.027)], rich wealth index [AOR = 2.392, 95% CI: (1.296, 4.415)], and parity [AOR 2.737, 95% CI: (1.664, 4.500)] were significantly associated with complete child vaccination. Recommendation and conclusion Complete vaccination coverage among children aged 12–23 months in the Dabat district was lower than the Global vaccine plan and Ethiopian ministry of health goal in 2020. Therefore, Health care providers and other stakeholders should mobilize the community to improve mothers’ health-seeking behavior toward pregnancy follow-up and health facility delivery to improve childhood vaccination. Besides, expanding the service to remote areas are necessary to increase the immunization access

Inadequate receipt of ANC components and associated factors among pregnant women in Northwest Ethiopia, 2020–2021: a community-based cross-sectional study

Abstract Background Women's health and pregnancy outcomes are directly depends on the extent of ANC components received during their ANC visits. There are limited information about the components of ANC and associated factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of inadequate recipient of ANC components and associated factors in northwest Ethiopia. Methods This is a community based cross sectional survey conducted in Dabat Demographic and health survey from December 10/2020 to January 10/2021 among women who gave birth within two years before the survey. This study applied a census method to identify and select eligible pregnant women. A structured and pretested questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data was entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to STATA version 14 for analysis purpose. Adjusted Odds Ratio at 95% confidence interval was used to show the association between dependent and independent variables. Statistical significance was declared at a P value less than 0.05. Results A total of 871 pregnant women were identified from the survey and included in this study. Overall, 96.67% (95% CI: 95.24, 97.67) had not get adequate (all components) ANC. The components of ANC services were increased from 3.35 to 32.34%, 2.52 to 46.33% 1.96 to 55.8%, 2.31 to 46.53%, 3.54 to 55.75%, 2.46 to 44.62%, 1.18 to 45.96%, and 2.45 to 54.6% for tetanus toxoid Vaccine, HIV/AIDS testing and counseling, danger sign, place of delivery, deworming, iron folic acid, family planning, and breast feeding counseling, from first ANC visit to fourth ANC visit, respectively. Rural residence (AOR = 4.89, 95% CI: 1.21, 19.86), and less than four number of ANC visit (AOR = 5.15, 95% CI: 2.06, 12.86) were significantly associated with inadequate uptake of ANC components. Conclusion Only three in hundred pregnant women were received adequate ANC components in the study area. Rural residence and less than four number of ANC visit were factors significantly associated with inadequate ANC uptake. Therefore, the district health department managers and program implementers need to train the health care providers about the components of ANC. As well, increasing community and facility awareness of WHO recommendations on ANC visits focusing on rural women is needed