Study of QCD generalized ghost dark energy in FRW universe

A phenomenological generalized ghost dark energy model has been studied under the framework of FRW universe. In ghost dark energy model the energy density depends linearly on Hubble parameter (H) but in this dark energy model, the energy density contains a the sub-leading term which is depends on $\mathcal{O} (H^2)$, so the energy density takes the form $\rho_D=\alpha H+ \beta H^2$, where $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are the constants. The solutions of the Friedman equation of our model leads to a stable universe. We have fitted our model with the present observational data including Stern data set. With the help of best fit results we find the adiabatic sound speed remains positive throughout the cosmic evolution, that claims the stability of the model. The flipping of the signature of deceleration parameter at the value of scale factor $a=0.5$ indicates that the universe is at the stage of acceleration i.e. de Sitter phase of the universe at late time. Our model shows that the acceleration of the universe begin at redshift $z_{ace}\approx 0.617$ and the model is also consistent with the current observational data.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figure

Stress intensity factors for an interfacial crack between an orthotropic half-plane bonded to a dissimilar orthotropic layer with a punch

AbstractThe plane strain problem of determining Stress Intensity Factors (SIF) for a moving interfacial Griffith crack between an elastic orthotropic half-plane and a dissimilar orthotropic layer with a moving punch situated along the boundary of the layer have been considered. The problem is reduced to the solution of three simultaneous singular integral equations with Cauchy-type singularities. Expressions for SIF for the case of a general loading are obtained. Numerical results for some particular cases are also presented graphically

High Capacity Signature Hiding Technique in Higher Depth of LSB Layer

Today Signature is very popular authentication information. Here we try to hide this confidential information by Steganography. This security technique prevents discovery of the very existence of communication through digital media. In our proposed work the LSB replacement technique of Steganography is used. Here we able to increase imperceptibility as well as capacity of stego image by considering higher LSB layer for hiding the target data and replacing multiple bits