P2X7 Receptors in Neurological and Cardiovascular Disorders

P2X receptors are ATP-gated cation channels that mediate fast excitatory transmission in diverse regions of the brain and spinal cord. Several P2X receptor subtypes, including P2X7, have the unusual property of changing their ion selectivity during prolonged exposure to ATP, which results in a channel pore permeable to molecules as large as 900 daltons. The P2X7 receptor was originally described in cells of hematopoietic origin, and mediates the influx of Ca2+ and Na+ and Ca2+ and Na+ ions as well as the release of proinflammatory cytokines. P2X7 receptors may affect neuronal cell death through their ability to regulate the processing and release of interleukin-1β, a key mediator in neurodegeneration, chronic inflammation, and chronic pain. Activation of P2X7, a key mediator in neurodegeneration, chronic inflammation, and chronic pain. Activation of P2X7 receptors provides an inflammatory stimulus, and P2X7 receptor-deficient mice have substantially attenuated inflammatory responses, including models of neuropathic and chronic inflammatory pain. Moreover, P2X7 receptor activity, by regulating the release of proinflammatory cytokines, may be involved in the pathophysiology of depression. Apoptotic cell death occurs in a number of vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, restenosis, and hypertension, and may be linked to the release of ATP from endothelial cells, P2X7 receptor activation, proinflammatory cytokine production, and endothelial cell apoptosis. In this context, the P2X7 receptor may be viewed as a gateway of communication between the nervous, immune, and cardiovascular systems

Isso aqui é flamengo - 2015: uma análise da campanha sobre a paixão do torcedor de futebol e sua influência no mercado de vendas de produtos esportivos

Durante a Copa do Mundo de 2014, o craque colombiano James Rodrigues executou uma das “ações de marketing” mais eficientes daquele ano: o gol vencedor do prêmio Puskas de 2014, no estádio do Maracanã lotado, resultando na venda de todas as camisas da seleção da Colômbia no dia seguinte. Baseado nesta case de sucesso, o presente trabalho avalia a campanha “Isto aqui é Flamengo”, promovida, em 2015 pelo Clube de Regatas do Flamengo e sua patrocinadora de material esportivo, adidas, no intuito de estabelecer possíveis relações causais entre as ativações de marca, o desempenho dos jogadores em campo e o resultado de vendas de produtos oficiais. Com base nos conceitos de valor, objetiva-se compreender a influência do desejo e contextualização sobre o consumo no segmento do futebol