A Health GIS Based Approach to Portray the Influence of Ambient Temperature on Goat Health in Two Different Agro-Climatic Zones in West Bengal, India

<p>Abstract<br>The spatial and temporal distribution patterns of the livestock health status in the developing countries<br>like India are complex. In this regards, the application of Geographical Information System (GIS) is<br>valuable as it has many features that make it an ideal tool for use in animal health surveillance, monitoring,<br>prediction and its management strategy. The goal of the present study is to find out the effect of ambient<br>temperature on goat health in two different agro-climatic zones in West Bengal, India with the additional<br>help of GIS technology. The highest mean value of temperature (42.6 ± 1.5 ºC) has been reported during<br>the month of April or May in the season of pre-monsoon in Purulia. Survey of India (SOI) topographical<br>sheets (73 I/3 and 79 B/5) are used to map the study areas. Top sheets are scanned, geo-referenced and<br>then digitized with the help of GIS software. The biochemical and meteorological data are entered to the<br>newly prepared digitized map as the non-spatial data or attributes. Moreover, the present work aims to<br>confer an indication of the potential applications and usages of a GIS in the field of animal health for<br>advancing the knowledge about this innovative approach of goat heath surveillance and monitoring.<br>Keywords: Goats; GIS; Pre-Monsoon; Post-Monsoon; Purulia; Nadia.</p

The Influence of Ambient Temperature on Thyroid Activity, Erythrocytic Indices and Some Biochemical Parameters of Black Bengal Goats (Capra aegagrus hircus)

<p>Abstract<br>India has a good number of Black Bengal goat populations, which has an significant role in the lives<br>of local goat rearers. The aim of the present study is to find out the effects of changing seasons on thyroid activity, erithrocytic indices and some biochemical parameters of Black Bengal goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) in the presently studied agro-climatic zone in India. The highest mean value of temperature (42.6 ± 1.5 ºC) has been reported during the month of April and May in the season of pre-monsoon. However, the lowest value of temperature (8.6 ± 0.9 ºC) has been reported during the month of December and January in the season of post-monsoon. The parameter studied here are T3 and T4 hormones as well as blood pH, blood glucose level, concentration of Hb, RBC count, PCV, MCV, MCH and MCHC. Data has analyzed for the effect of seasonal variation and the current findings implies that seasonal variation plays the major role to influence the thyroid activity, erythrocytic indices as well as biochemical parameters of Black Bengal Goats.<br>Keywords: Goats; Pre-monsoon; Post-monsoon; Purulia.</p

Combined experimental and theoretical studies of some uranium(VI) complexes derived from imidazole-based carbenes

A series of bidentate, viz., 1,1'-(1,2-ethylene)-3,3'-dimethyldiimidazoline-2,2'-diylidene (L1), 1-methyl-3-(2-pyridylmethyl)-imidazoline-2-ylidene (L2) and tridentate, viz., 1,3-bis(2-pyridyl)-imidazoline-2-ylidene (L3) ligands have been obtained from their corresponding imidazolium salts through deprotonation reactions. Treatment of UO2Cl2(THF)3 with one equivalent L3 produces air-stable U(VI)-carbene complex 3, characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, NMR spectroscopy as well as extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis. EXAFS result indicates that the ligand is bonded through one C and two N-atoms to the uranium atom. Attempts to synthesize uranyl complexes derived from L1 and L2 were also successful but these complexes are decomposed quickly within one hour at room temperature. 3 produces pure UO2 powder when heated under an argon atmosphere from room temperature to 600 °C with constant heating rate of 5 °C/min. The solid-state UV–Vis spectrum of the compound shows absorption peaks at 332 and 450 nm. The excitation spectrum of 3 (at λem = 520 nm) exhibits two almost symmetrical peaks at 273 and 368 nm. Density functional theory-based quantum mechanical calculations indicate that a partial covalent interaction exists between the carbene C and U while a weak non-covalent interaction exists between carbene N and U atoms. </p

Steric Effects on Uranyl Complexation: Synthetic, Structural, and Theoretical Studies of Carbamoyl Pyrazole Compounds of the Uranyl(VI) Ion

New bifunctional pyrazole based ligands of the type [C₃HR₂N₂CONR′] (where R = H or CH₃; R′ = CH₃, C₂H₅, or ⁱC₃H₇) were prepared and characterized. The coordination chemistry of these ligands with uranyl nitrate and uranyl bis­(dibenzoyl methanate) was studied with infrared (IR), ¹H NMR, electrospray-mass spectrometry (ES-MS), elemental analysis, and single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The structure of compound [UO₂(NO₃)₂(C₃H₃N₂CON­{C₂H₅}₂)] (<b>2</b>) shows that the uranium­(VI) ion is surrounded by one nitrogen atom and seven oxygen atoms in a hexagonal bipyramidal geometry with the ligand acting as a bidentate chelating ligand and bonds through both the carbamoyl oxygen and pyrazolyl nitrogen atoms. In the structure of [UO₂(NO₃)₂(H₂O)₂(C₅H₇N₂CON {C₂H₅}₂)₂], (<b>5</b>) the pyrazole ligand acts as a second sphere ligand and hydrogen bonds to the water molecules through carbamoyl oxygen and pyrazolyl nitrogen atoms. The structure of [UO₂(DBM)₂C₃H₃N₂CON­{C₂H₅}₂] (<b>8</b>) (where DBM = C₆H₅COCHCOC₆H₅) shows that the pyrazole ligand acts as a monodentate ligand and bonds through the carbamoyl oxygen to the uranyl group. The ES-MS spectra of <b>2</b> and <b>8</b> show that the ligand is similarly bonded to the metal ion in solution. Ab initio quantum chemical studies show that the steric effect plays the key role in complexation behavior

Electrophoretic Deposition of 58S Bioactive Glass- Polymer Composite Coatings on 316L Stainless Steel: An Optimization for Corrosion, Bioactivity, and Cytocompatibility

This study presents a facile fabrication of 58S bioactive glass (BG)-polymer composite coatings on a 316L stainless steel (SS) substrate using the electrophoretic deposition technique. The suspension characteristics and deposition kinetics of BG, along with three different polymers, namely ethylcellulose (EC), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), have been utilized to fabricate the coatings. Among all coatings, 58S BG and EC polymers are selected as the final composite coating (EC6) owing to their homogeneity and good adhesion. EC6 coating exhibits a thickness of ∼18 μm and an average roughness of ∼2.5 μm. Herein, EC6 demonstrates better hydroxyapatite formation compared to PAA and PVP coatings in simulated body fluid-based mineralization studies for a period of 28 days. Corrosion studies of EC6 in phosphate-buffered saline further confirm the higher corrosion resistance properties after 14 days. In vitro cytocompatibility studies using human placental mesenchymal stem cells demonstrate an increase in cellular viability, attachment, and higher proliferation compared to the bare SS substrate. EC6 coatings promote osteogenic differentiation, which is confirmed via the upregulation of the OPN and OCN genes. Moreover, the EC6 sample exhibits improved antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus compared to the uncoated ones. The findings of this work emphasize the potential of electrophoretically fabricated BG–EC composite coatings on SS substrates for orthopedic applications