Deep Learning for Automated Experimentation in Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy

Machine learning (ML) has become critical for post-acquisition data analysis in (scanning) transmission electron microscopy, (S)TEM, imaging and spectroscopy. An emerging trend is the transition to real-time analysis and closed-loop microscope operation. The effective use of ML in electron microscopy now requires the development of strategies for microscopy-centered experiment workflow design and optimization. Here, we discuss the associated challenges with the transition to active ML, including sequential data analysis and out-of-distribution drift effects, the requirements for the edge operation, local and cloud data storage, and theory in the loop operations. Specifically, we discuss the relative contributions of human scientists and ML agents in the ideation, orchestration, and execution of experimental workflows and the need to develop universal hyper languages that can apply across multiple platforms. These considerations will collectively inform the operationalization of ML in next-generation experimentation.Comment: Review Articl

Synchronous Buccal Carcinoma and Laryngeal Carcinoma- A Rare Presentation

Introduction Second primary malignancy as squamous cell carcinoma of larynx is rare after squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa. Case Report A 47 year old male patient presented with a painless, progressive ulcer of left buccal mucosa near the angle of mouth for the last 3 months who also developed alteration in the quality of voice and respiratory distress 2 months later. On biopsy buccal lesion came out to be moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Direct laryngoscopy revealed a glottic growth and guided biopsy from the lesion revealed well differentiated keratinising squamous cell carcinoma which was managed successfully by total laryngectomy and buccal carcinoma by wide local excision followed by primary closure and supraomohyoid neck dissection in the same sitting. Discussion Having both index primary tumour and second primary tumour in head and neck region is a rare occurrence more so glottic carcinoma occurring synchronously with buccal carcinomas. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment in both the conditions

Catalytic Enantioselective Friedel-Crafts Allenylic Alkylation

The first catalytic enantioselective Friedel-Crafts (FC) allenylic alkylation for the creation of central chirality has been developed under cooperative Ir(I)/(phosphoramidite,olefin) and Lewis acid catalysis. Using racemic allenylic alcohol as the electrophile, this enantioconvergent reaction proceeds through an Ir(I)-stabilized allenylic carbocation intermediate, which is intercepted with a variety of electron-rich arenes and heteroarenes. The resulting highly enantioenriched (up to >99.5:0.5 er) 1,1-disubstituted allenylic methanes, bearing a benzylic carbon stereocenter, are obtained with complete regiocontrol – both on (hetero)arenes as well as on the allenylic fragment. This protocol allows for the enantioselective formal introduction of 4 carbon alkane chains into (hetero)arenes with the creation of a benzylic stereocenter. An intramolecular version of this FC allenylic alkylation has also been shown to proceed with promising enantioselectivity under the same catalytic conditions

Bilateral congenital lacrimal fistulas in an adult as part of ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia-clefting syndrome: A rare anomaly

Ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia and clefting syndrome or "Lobster claw" deformity is a rare congenital anomaly that affects tissues of ectodermal and mesodermal origin. Nasolacrimal duct (NLD) obstruction with or without atresia of lacrimal passage is a common finding of such a syndrome. The authors report here even a rarer presentation of the syndrome which manifested as bilateral NLD obstruction and lacrimal fistula along with cleft lip and palate, syndactyly affecting all four limbs, mild mental retardation, otitis media, and sinusitis. Lacrimal duct obstruction and fistula were managed successfully with endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) which is a good alternative to lacrimal probing or open DCR in such a case

Securing Loosely-Coupled Collaboration in Cloud Environment through Dynamic Detection and Removal of Access Conflicts

Online collaboration service has become a popular offering of present day Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) clouds. It facilitates sharing of information among multiple participating domains and accessing them from remote locations. Owing to loosely-coupled nature of such collaborations, access request from a remote user is made in the form of a set of permissions. The cloud vendor maps the requested permissions into appropriate local roles in order to allow resource access. However, coexistence of such multiple simultaneous role activation requests may introduce conflicts which violate the principle of security. In this paper, we propose a distributed secure collaboration framework which enables collaborating domains to detect and remove these conflicts. Two features of our framework are: (i) it requires only local information, and (ii) it detects and removes conflicts on-the-fly. Formal proofs have been provided to establish the correctness of our approach. Experimental results and qualitative comparison with related work demonstrate the efficacy of our approach in terms of response time, thus addressing the scalability requirement of cloud services

A Few Unusual Cases of Benign Laryngeal Lesions - Our Experience

Abstract Introduction: Benign laryngeal lesions may have some uncommon presentations.  Aims: The aim was to identify unusual benign vocal cord lesions and review their management and follow up.  Material and methods: The records of the patients presenting with different benign vocal cord lesions were reviewed retrospectively. Confirmed cases of vocal cord paralysis and malignancy were excluded from the study. Nine cases were imcluded in this study. Clinical findings, investigation reports, treatment and outcome were analysed.  Results: Most of the patients were from 18 years to 52 years (66%). Most common presenting feature was hoarseness of voice (89%) followed by respiratory distress (33%) . Microlaryngeal surgeries were done in 7 patients (78%) and 2 patients (22%) were  managed conservatively.  Conclusion: Diagnosis of benign vocal cord lesions may sometimes be difficult. Careful history, attention to the anatomy and the probable variations in presentation of the benign lesions of larynx, thorough clinical examination and different diagnostic tools are essential for satisfactory management

An Asymptomatic Pointed Foreign Body in the Hypopharynx-A Rare Case Report

Introduction Foreign body ingestion is an ENT emergency frequently encountered in both children and adults. Case Report A case of an open safety pin in the hypopharynx in a fifteen year old boy is reported, which remained impacted there for the past 15 days without any significant symptom or complication. CT scan, performed before surgical intervention, did not show any migration of this foreign body from its intraluminal site. This was removed by ‘Magill forceps technique’. Postoperative period was uneventful. Conclusion Pointed foreign body may present with negligible symptoms and that too may stay in the cricopharynx for long without migration. Magill forceps technique can be a good surgical option in such cases

An Aetiopathological Study on Epistaxis in Adults and its Management

Introduction Epistaxis is a common clinical problem in ENT practice. Idiopathic aetiology is said to be the most common. Aim of study To find out whether idiopathic epistaxis is the most common cause of primary adulthood epistaxis and to formulate the best treatment protocol Materials & Methods A prospective study was conducted in a tertiary healthcare setup from August 2013 to August 2014. 100 patients of more than 16 years of age of both sexes were studied. Patients presenting with active nasal bleeding in ENT ER and OPD were included. Results Truly idiopathic epistaxis was encountered in 37% of the study population followed by 20% cases in association with grossly deviated septum with septal spur(s). Most of the cases were managed by resuscitation alone with or without anterior nasal packing. Conclusion: With advances in endoscopy & imaging techniques, cause of the epistaxis can most often be elicited and by sticking to a management protocol recurrence can be reduced

SYNCHRONOUS SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS FOLLOWING PIGMENTED BASAL CELL CARCINOMA OF CHEEK -A RARE OCCURRENCE

Introduction: A synchronous second primary malignancy as squamous cell carcinoma of external acoustic meatus following basal cell carcinoma of cheek is reported with their management and review of literature. Case Report: Pigmented basal cell carcinoma of cheek was managed successfully by wide local excision followed by flap reconstruction and subsequently diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma of external acoustic meatus by concurrent chemoradiation after initial surgical debridement. Conclusion: Second primary malignancy as squamous cell carcinoma of external ear canal is rare after basal cell carcinoma of cheek though there is anatomical vicinity. Surgery in case of basal cell carcinoma and concurrent chemoradiotherapy in case of external ear canal squamous cell carcinoma is the mainstay of treatment

Midline Nasal Dermoid - A Series of Thirteen Cases and Review of Literature

Introduction Congenital midline nasal masses include nasal dermoid sinus cysts, encephaloceles and gliomas. They are rare malformations, of which dermoid cyst is a relatively common congenital abnormality. A systematic review of the clinical feature and management outcome of congenital midline nasal dermoids would help in predicting the outcome of such cases. Materials and Methods A prospective observation was made on a series of patients with nasal dermoids with or without sinus tract for a period of three years. Altogether thirteen patients were evaluated. Age of the patients ranged from two to twenty seven years. There were seven males and six females. Intracranial extension was ruled out radiologically. Excision of the dermoid cyst with or without sinus tract was undertaken under general anesthesia and followed up for one year.  Conclusion Surgery is the gold standard treatment for nasal dermoids and complete excision and cosmetically good repair is mandatory for good results