Status of Physical Environment and Land use Pattern in Rabindra Sarobar Lake Area of Kolkata

Abstract The Rabindra Sarobar lake ecosystem is playing a key role in maintaining the oxygen balance of the Kolkata metropolis by generating fresh oxygen. The Physical environment is considered as an essential part of a lacustrine system. Degradation of environment largely affects the physical component. If the physical components are spoiled, then the entire system of the lake will get degraded. Water, air, soil, sound level etc. have been taken as the physical components of the study. Due to cultural activities and improper monitoring system practicised by the lake authority, the physico-chemical properties of Rabindra Sarobar Lake are degrading over time. The total land and water area of Rabindra Sarobar is about 192 acres which is being used for sports, recreational and cultural activities. Holistic measures need to be followed for improvement of the ambient air and the water quality of the lake area

Comparison of bioactive glass coated and hydroxyapatite coated titanium dental implants in the human jaw bone

Background: Current trends in clinical dental implant therapy include modification of titanium surfaces for the purpose of improving osseointegration by different additive (bioactive coatings) and subtractive processes (acid etching, grit-blasting). The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the behaviour of hydroxyapatite and the newly developed bioactive glass coated implants (62 implants) in osseous tissue following implantation in 31 patients. Methods: Bioactive glass and hydroxyapatite was suitably coated on titanium alloy. Hydroxyapatite coating was applied on the implant surface by air microplasma spray technique and bioactive glass coating was applied by vitreous enamelling technique. The outcome was assessed up to 12 months after prosthetic loading using different clinical and radiological parameters. Results: Hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass coating materials were non-toxic and biocompatible. Overall results showed that bioactive glass coated implants were as equally successful as hydroxyapatite in achieving osseointegration and supporting final restorations. Conclusions: The newly developed bioactive glass is a good alternative coating material for dental implants

Indigenous hydroxyapatite coated and bioactive glass coated titanium dental implant system – Fabrication and application in humans

Background: The use of different bioactive materials as coating on dental implant to restore tooth function is a growing trend in modern Dentistry. In the present study, hydroxyapatite and the bioactive glass-coated implants were evaluated for their behavior in osseous tissue following implantation in 14 patients. Materials and Methods: Bioactive glass and hydroxyapatite formulated and prepared for coating on Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Hydroxyapatite coating was applied on the implant surface by air plasma spray technique and bioactive glass coating was applied by vitreous enameling technique. Their outcome was assessed after 6 months in vivo study in human. Results: Hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass coating materials were nontoxic and biocompatible. Uneventful healing was observed with both types of implants. Conclusion: The results showed bioactive glass is a good alternative coating material for dental implant

Effects of bioactive glass, hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass-Hydroxyapatite composite graft particles in the treatment of infrabony defects

Background: Several synthetic alloplastic materials have been used in the past as an implant in infrabony defects with a goal to reconstruct the lost part of attachment apparatus via new osseous tissue formation. The present study was undertaken to evaluate and compare clinico-radiographically, the effect of bioactive glass (BG), hydroxyapatite (HA), and BG-HA composite bone graft particles in the treatment of human infra-bony periodontal defects. Materials and Methods: Indigenous synthetic HA, BG, and BG-HA composite bone graft materials were developed in the laboratory. Twenty eight infrabony periodontal defects were equally distributed (i.e., seven defects) into four groups. The defects were treated separately with three types of graft materials and non-grafted manner (open flap debridement alone, control) to evaluate both the soft and hard tissue responses after six months of surgery. Evaluation was done by studying different parameters such as plaque index, gingival index, relative attachment level, probing pocket depth, and radiographic bone fill in Intra Oral Peri-Apical radiograph. Results: The healing of defects was uneventful and free of any biological complications. The gain in relative attachment level, reduction of probing pocket depth, and bone fill was statistically significant in all four groups. BG and BG-HA synthetic bone graft implanted sites showed significant bone fill (P<0.05) than hydroxyapatite and unimplanted control sites. Conclusion: The performance of BG and its composite was better compared to HA and open flap debridement alone for the reconstruction of infrabony defects. The BG-HA composite particles may effectively be used as an alternative bone graft material for infrabony defects

Clinical Outcome of Hydroxyapatite Coated, Bioactive Glass Coated, and Machined Ti6Al4V Threaded Dental Implant in Human Jaws: A Short-Term Comparative Study

Introduction: Growing aspect of endosseous implant research is focused on surface modification of dental implants for the purpose of improving osseointegration. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical outcome (ie, osseointegration) of hydroxyapatite coated, bioactive glass coated and machined titanium alloy threaded dental implants in human jaw bone after implantation. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty-six implants (45 hydroxyapatite coated, 41 bioactive glass coated, and 40 machined titanium implants) have been placed in incisor areas of 62 adult patients. Outcome was assessed up to 12 months after prosthetic rehabilitation using different clinical and radiological parameters. Surface roughness of failed implants was analyzed by laser profilometer. Discussion: Hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass coating materials were nontoxic and biocompatible. Least marginal bone loss in radiograph, significantly higher (P < 0.05) interface radiodensity, and less interfacial gaps were observed in computed tomography with bioactive glass coated implants at anterior maxilla compared to other 2 types. Conclusion: Bioactive glass coated implants are equally safe and effective as hydroxyapatite coated and machined titanium implants in achieving osseointegration; therefore, can be effectively used as an alternative coating material for dental implants