Effects of liquid swine manure and its components on Heterodera glycines population densities and soybean growth and yield

The effects of application of swine manure and a comparable rate of inorganic fertilizer to corn on soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, population densities and soybean growth and yield the following year were studied in two two-year corn and soybean rotations. Soybean heights and yields were increased by manure and inorganic fertilizer that were applied the previous year in corn. Heterodera glycines egg population densities were reduced 48 to 64% in the two experiments after a year of corn. Egg population densities at corn harvest in both experiments were the same where manure or fertilizer was applied and in the untreated, planted control. Nutrient source and whether corn was or was not planted the first year had no influence on H. glycines egg population densities after soybean harvest the second year;In another set of four experiments, the effects of application of swine manure and inorganic fertilizer to soil prior to planting soybeans were evaluated. Both nutrient treatments reduced soybean plant population densities in three experiments and increased plant heights in all four experiments. Manure use increased or had no effect on soybean yield when compared to the untreated checks, but inorganic fertilizer reduced soybean yield in one experiment. H. glycines egg population densities in the soil at soybean harvest were either not different from or were greater than egg population densities in the untreated checks;In laboratory experiments, Heterodera glycines egg hatch was irreversibly inhibited when eggs were incubated in liquid swine manure and in deionized water exposed to vapors from manure. Hatch was inhibited when eggs were incubated in several components of manure, including the ionic salt components, volatile organic acids and aromatic organic compounds, and ammonium nitrate. Hatch inhibition by ammonium nitrate was reversible whereas hatch inhibition with the other compounds was irreversible. Indole vapors stimulated egg hatch. Another laboratory hatch study showed that leachate collected from soil amended with manure inhibited egg hatch relative to hatch in deionized water. Leachate from unamended soil stimulated egg hatch relative to hatch in deionized water. Egg hatch was reduced by contact with soil amended with manure and by volatiles from soil amended with manure

Jazz and Recording in the Digital Age: Technology, New Media, and Performance in New York and Online

This dissertation is a study of the uses of recording technologies and new media by jazz musicians in New York. It privileges the perspectives of professional musicians, gleaned through interviews and observation of their discourses and practices in live and recorded performances and in online new media spaces. Contrary to scholarly and critical approaches to jazz that privilege live performance, this dissertation argues that mediatization, through use of recording technologies, digital formats and platforms, and social media, is a vital mode of jazz performance in the digital age. Chapter 1 shows how formative encounters with jazz by musicians coming of age in the 1980s, ‘90s, and 2000s were often with recorded media, instilling in them positive attitudes towards the creative and professional opportunities presented by recording technologies. Chapter 2 presents the professional and artistic reasons why musicians make recordings, how they choose music to record, and how they fund their recording projects amid a traditional recording industry averse to developing jazz musicians. Chapter 3 describes the ways that musicians use the technologies of the recording studio, which increasingly challenge conventional distinctions between stages of recording, aligning instead with integrated practices of “production” central to studio-based genres like hip-hop, electronic music, and pop. Chapter 4 examines how musicians are using new media of distribution and promotion—often despite the exploitative practices of media companies—to release their recordings and cultivate social networks of fans and fellow musicians. Chapter 5 discusses some current trends in the style of recording-oriented jazz under the aesthetic frameworks of songs and beats and considers how these frameworks accommodate the improvised solo, a hallmark of jazz. Chapter 6 interrogates the ontology and phenomenology of jazz recording, using the framework of mediatized performance to argue against the common notion that recording necessarily impoverishes improvised music. In closing, Chapter 7 reveals how mediatized performances have enabled jazz musicians to participate in social movements that themselves are highly mediatized. This dissertation contributes to our knowledge of contemporary jazz, the ways musicians are adapting to and innovating with new technologies and media, and the relationship between recording and performance in the digital age

Health professionals' perceptions of cultural influences on stroke experiences and rehabilitation in Kuwait

This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final published article is available from the link below. Copyright @ 2012 Informa UK Ltd.Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the perceptions of health professionals who treat stroke patients in Kuwait regarding cultural influences on the experience of stroke and rehabilitation in Kuwait. Health professionals interviewed were from a variety of cultural backgrounds thus providing an opportunity to investigate how they perceived the influence of culture on stroke recovery and rehabilitation in Kuwait. Method: Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 12 health professionals with current/recent stroke rehabilitation experience in Kuwait, followed by thematic analysis of the verbatim transcripts. Results: The health professionals identified several features of the Kuwaiti culture that they believed affected the experiences of stroke patients. These were religious beliefs, family involvement, limited education and public information about stroke, prevailing negative attitudes toward stroke, access to finances for private treatment, social stigma and the public invisibility of disabled people, difficulties identifying meaningful goals for rehabilitation, and an acceptance of dependency linked with the widespread presence of maids and other paid assistants in most Kuwaiti homes. Conclusion: To offer culturally sensitive care, these issues should be taken into account during the rehabilitation of Kuwaiti stroke patients in their home country and elsewhere

California Drought, An Update April 2008

TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. RECENT HYDROLOGIC CONDITIONS AND IMPACTS Introduction....................................................... 1 Water Year 2007 .................................................. 1 Drought in the Colorado River Basin ..................................................... 5 Drought and Dry Conditions in the Early 2000s .................................... 7 The 2001 Klamath Basin Drought Emergency ............................... 11 CHAPTER 2. PROGRAMMATIC AND INSTITUTIONAL UPDATES The San Francisco Bay-Sacramento/San Joaquin River Delta.................................................................. 15 The Colorado River .................................................................... 16 State Financial Assistance to Local Agencies.................................... 17 Urban Water Management Planning ................................................... 20 Water Transfers .............................................................................. 20 Small Water Systems and Drought Preparedness ................................. 2

Using interpretative phenomenological analysis to inform physiotherapy practice: An introduction with reference to the lived experience of cerebellar ataxia

The attached file is a pre-published version of the full and final paper which can be found at the link below.This article has been made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund.Qualitative research methods that focus on the lived experience of people with health conditions are relatively underutilised in physiotherapy research. This article aims to introduce interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), a research methodology oriented toward exploring and understanding the experience of a particular phenomenon (e.g., living with spinal cord injury or chronic pain, or being the carer of someone with a particular health condition). Researchers using IPA try to find out how people make sense of their experiences and the meanings they attach to them. The findings from IPA research are highly nuanced and offer a fine grained understanding that can be used to contextualise existing quantitative research, to inform understanding of novel or underresearched topics or, in their own right, to provoke a reappraisal of what is considered known about a specified phenomenon. We advocate IPA as a useful and accessible approach to qualitative research that can be used in the clinical setting to inform physiotherapy practice and the development of services from the perspective of individuals with particular health conditions.This article is available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund

MAPPING OF RESERVOIR PROPERTIES AND FACIES THROUGH INTEGRATION OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC DATA

Knowledge of the distribution of permeability and porosity in a reservoir is necessary for the prediction of future oil production, estimation of the location of bypassed oil, and optimization of reservoir management. But while the volume of data that can potentially provide information on reservoir architecture and fluid distributions has increased enormously in the past decade, it is not yet possible to make use of all the available data in an integrated fashion. While it is relatively easy to generate plausible reservoir models that honor static data such as core, log, and seismic data, it is far more difficult to generate plausible reservoir models that honor dynamic data such as transient pressures, saturations, and flow rates. As a result, the uncertainty in reservoir properties is higher than it could be and reservoir management can not be optimized. The goal of this project is to develop computationally efficient automatic history matching techniques for generating geologically plausible reservoir models which honor both static and dynamic data. Solution of this problem is necessary for the quantification of uncertainty in future reservoir performance predictions and for the optimization of reservoir management. Facies (defined here as regions of relatively uniform petrophysical properties) are common features of all reservoirs. Because the flow properties of the various facies can vary greatly, knowledge of the location of facies boundaries is of utmost importance for the prediction of reservoir performance and for the optimization of reservoir management. When the boundaries between facies are fairly well known, but flow properties are poorly known, the average properties for all facies can be determined using traditional techniques. Traditional history matching honors dynamic data by adjusting petrophysical properties in large areas, but in the process of adjusting the reservoir model ignores the static data and often results in implausible reservoir models. In general, boundary locations, average permeability and porosity, relative permeability curves, and local flow properties may all need to be adjusted to achieve a plausible reservoir model that honors all data. In this project, we will characterize the distribution of geologic facies as an indicator random field, making use of the tools of geostatistics as well as the tools of inverse and probability theory for data integration