Effect of clipping treatments on four winter grain

Tennessee farmers who regularly grow small grains as a part of their cropping system have long realized that these crops may provide extremely valuable winter and early spring grazing. Little data are available, however, to aid these farmers in choosing the most desirable pasturing practices to use in grazing such crops. Specifically, information is lacking on how intensively the small grains can be grazed without severe injury to the grain yield, the period in the growing season that each provides maximum pasturage, and the crop, or crops, furnishing the greatest amount of pasturage with the least reduction in grain yield. Until data are available on these problems, definite grazing practices cannot be recommended. This investigation was conducted to obtain information that could be applied toward the solution of the problems mentioned above. Briefly, the plan of the experiment was to simulate four intensities of grazing on adapted winter varieties of wheat, oats, rye, and barley. Since facilities were not available for conducting actual grazing trials, a lawn mower was used to remove the herbage

Vapor pressures of some amino acids

The vapor pressures of several amino acids have been determined by the Knudsen cell effusion method. The standard thermodynamic quantities for the heat of sublimation, the entropy of sublimation and the free energy of sublimation are calculated

INFO3333 GROUP ASSIGNMENT Group 61 (Prac 13 Tue 3pm CC)

This literature review will analyse, examine, and confirm all the information included in the literature from 2013 to 2021 is recent, relevant, and correct. Our project, classroom AR integration, aims to allow remote students to join the class through VR imaging and to project the remote students into the classroom as in-campus students through AR. The main objective is to enable two modes (online and on-campus) of teaching to work generally as conventional, allowing diverse and flexible learning styles

The Planning and Appraisal of Mega Transport Infrastructure Projects Delivered by Public–Private Partnerships: The Case for the Use of Policy-Led Multi-Criteria Analysis

Mega transport infrastructure projects are frequently perceived as critical to the “success” of major metropolitan, regional and national development because of their potential to affect significant socioeconomic and territorial changes. However, the mega infrastructure development literature tends to focus upon the frequent failures of such projects because of their inability to meet their original expectations. A major cause for such perceived underperformance has been attributed to the inadequacies of ex-ante project appraisal methodologies. In particular, their excessively narrow focus has prompted growing calls for broader and more transparent project appraisal frameworks. These calls coincide with a period where public private partnerships (PPPs) are growing in importance globally as the favoured procurement route for governments looking to undertake new mega transport infrastructure developments. Some see the practicalities of PPPs as placing them at odds with aspirations for more inclusive and open project appraisal with adequate consideration of the public interest. It is the authors’ contention that if introduced with broader and more systematically presented sustainability concerns, PPPs can remain compatible with such ambitions. Towards this end, this paper presents the rudimentaries of a policy-led multi-criteria analysis (PLMCA) approach to project appraisal as a means by which PLMCA can contribute to more holistic PPP procurement practices. The authors contend in the latter part of the paper that PLMCA addresses many of the limitations associated with the application of narrower decision-making and project appraisal approaches currently supporting PPPs and other more conventional procurement practices

Nulling interferometry for exoplanet detection: using a multimode interference coupler in a two dimensional chalcogenide glass platform

Astronomy has begun an uptake in photonic technologies to replace cumbersome, heavy optics, to achieve lighter systems that are robust to environmental and instrument noise. An application of one such change, from optics to photonics, is for beam combination in multi-telescope systems, and specifically; direct imaging of exoplanets using interferometry. Nulling interferometry achieves both a high-resolution image and a deep null depth (by using destructive interference over the star). Its resolution is limited by the distance between the farthest telescopes (the longest baseline). So that the contrast between the exoplanet and star is minimised this work is constrained to the astronomical L'-band where young, and thus hot, exoplanets have their blackbody spectrum peak. The focus of this thesis was to design and construct a beam combiner that segregates the star and exoplanet light - the nulling interferometer. Using established ultraviolet lithography methods and plasma etching, a two-beam combiner on a photonic chip was constructed. These chips were fabricated using a combination of two chalcogenide glasses, made from networks of Ge, As, and Se for the core and Ge, As, and S for the cladding. From the start, a multimode interference coupler was chosen as the beam combiner for this work. This is a device that is unaffected by common fabrication errors and as such was shown to be reliable in various materials. The in-depth study shown in this work proved this to be the case for this material too. In addition, a version of the MMI with a broad bandwidth splitting ratio, over 400 nm, was discovered. This MMI was investigated thoroughly to understand the relationship between the excited light-modes in the slab and the increase in bandwidth. An investigation into whether the width of the MMI has any influence on the breadth of the bandwidth was undertaken, showing little relationship with a larger width. With smaller width MMI limited by the number of modes in the slab to generate this broad bandwidth special case. The computed nulling interferometer for this work was made using a single multimode interference coupler as the two-beam (or telescope) combiner that was simulated to have a 40 dB (10^-4) null over a 400 nm bandwidth. Experimentally, using a single input and calculating the expected null performance, achieved 30 dB (10^-3) over a 300 nm bandwidth, centred at 4000 nm. Less than predicted but a benchmark for nulling interferometers in the MIR. Subsequent direct measurements of extinction, using two MMIs in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer configuration, could not ascertain such a null depth. These measurements were limited by scattered light from the beam combiner as well as imperfect fabrication larger than predicted, especially in the MZI arms. The issue was related to the small size of the waveguides used and increasing them to multimode waveguides, for a short period to limit multimode excitation, would provide a much more robust system. Taking these limitations, and the solution, into account these structures should be able to produce the predicted deep null over the specified bandwidth once these issues have been addressed. To the author's knowledge, the extinction measurements in this thesis are the first of their kind and are a significant step towards measuring an exoplanet never before seen using nulling interferometry in the mid-infrared. The experiments on the beam combiners as 3 dB splitters show the expected null to be as deep as predicted, within error and highlight the difficulties in ascertaining exact measurements of extinction with modern technology and current fabrication techniques. Fabrication errors as they stand are the key issue that will need to be overcome in future work but are achievable with current technology

Activity-Based Cost Management Part I: Applied to Occupational and Environmental Health Organizations

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91960/1/Brandt1.pd

Activity-Based Cost Management Part II: Applied to a Respiratory Protection Program

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91961/1/Brandt2.pd

A photonic solution to exoplanet direct imaging via nulling interferometry

Direct imaging of exoplanets is vital for understanding star system formation and the evolutionary behaviour of exoplanets at large orbits. Typically, imaging a star system to find an exoplanet requires significant attenuation of the host star's high flux in order to detect the much weaker planetary light. The most common method to do this is coronagraphy, which blocks the starlight with an amplitude mask or a null inducing phase mask [1]. An alternative and attractive method is nulling interferometry where light from multiple telescopes are used to simultaneously form a high resolution image (or its Fourier components) and also to form a null in the vicinity of the host star, thereby attenuating it [2]. This has the advantage over coronagraphy that it is not limited to using a single telescope and is thus able to probe deeper into a star system by virtue of the higher resolution available by an interferometric array