Thermal waves or beam heating in the 1980, November 5 flare

Observations of the temporal evolution of loop BC in soft X rays in the November 5, 1980 flare are reviewed. Calculations are performed to model this evolution. The most consistent interpretation involving a minimum account of energy is the following. Thermal heating near B gives rise to a conduction front which moves out along the loop uninhibited for about 27 s. Beam heating near C gives rise to a second conduction front which moves in the opposite direction and prevents any energy reaching C by thermal conduction from B. Thus both thermal waves and beam heating are required to explain the observed evolution

Some Effects of Fertilization on Nitrification in High-Lime Soils

Applications of potassium chloride at the rate of 100, 200 and 500 pounds per acre were made on two soils containing a high calcium content. Oat straw at the rate of 2 tons of dry matter per acre was applied alone and in combination with potassium chloride. Sweet clover at the rate of 2 tons of dry matter per acre was applied alone and in combination with potassium chloride. Samples of the soils were taken 4 weeks after treatment in the greenhouse and again after 5 months for nitrification determinations

The Effects of Potash and Crop Residues on Available Potassium in Some Alkali Soils of Iowa

Many investigators have found that high-lime soils may often be deficient in available potassium. According to the present theory, the low availability of the potassium in such soils is probably due to the high concentrations of calcium salts. The so-called alkali soils of Iowa have been found to contain high concentrations of both calcium carbonate and calcium bicarbonate. Apparently the concentrations of these salts are so high that they tend to depress the availability of the potassium in the soil

The Effect of Lime and Phosphate on Nitrification in an Acid Soil

The nitrate content in all soils is maintained through the action of microorganisms upon ammonia. This process of nitrate production is called nitrification. It is interesting to note the effect that lime and rock phosphate has upon the nitrate producing power in an acid soil

The Composition of Inorganic Colloids Extracted from Three Iowa Soils

The purpose of this work was to determine the colloidal content of certain soils and to make analyses of the inorganic colloids extracted from these soils. These soils ranging from a pH of 5.53 to a pH of 7.60 were obtained and the total colloidal content determined. The inorganic colloids were then extracted according to Truog and Drosdorff\u27s procedure (2) and analyzed for total SiO2 , Al2O3 , Fe2O3 , TiO2 , P2O5 and available K2O. The total SiO2, Fe2O3, Al2O3 and TiO2 were determined by Hillebrand\u27s method (1). The phosphorus content was determined by the magnesium nitrate method. The available K2O was determined by the Aspergillus niger method

Rethinking the concepts of “local or global processors”: evidence from Williams syndrome, Down syndrome, and Autism Spectrum Disorders

Both Williams syndrome (WS) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have been characterised as preferentially processing local information, whereas in Down syndrome (DS) the reported tendency is to process stimuli globally. We designed a cross-syndrome, cross-task comparison to reveal similarities and differences in local/global processing in these disorders. Our in-depth study compared local/global processing across modalities (auditory-verbal/visuo-spatial) and levels of processing (high/low) in the three syndromes. Despite claims in the literature, participants with ASD or WS failed to show a consistent local processing bias, while those with DS failed to show a reliable global processing bias. Depending on the nature of the stimuli and the task, both local and global processing biases were evident in all three neurodevelopmental disorders. These findings indicate that individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders cannot simply be characterised as local or global processors

Genomic landscape of human allele-specific DNA methylation

DNA methylation mediates imprinted gene expression by passing an epigenomic state across generations and differentially marking specific regulatory regions on maternal and paternal alleles. Imprinting has been tied to the evolution of the placenta in mammals and defects of imprinting have been associated with human diseases. Although recent advances in genome sequencing have revolutionized the study of DNA methylation, existing methylome data remain largely untapped in the study of imprinting. We present a statistical model to describe allele-specific methylation (ASM) in data from high-throughput short-read bisulfite sequencing. Simulation results indicate technical specifications of existing methylome data, such as read length and coverage, are sufficient for fullgenome ASM profiling based on our model. We used our model to analyze methylomes for a diverse set of human cell types, including cultured and uncultured differentiated cells, embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. Regions of ASM identified most consistently across methylomes are tightly connected with known imprinted genes and precisely delineate the boundaries of several known imprinting control regions. Predicted regions of ASM common to multiple cell types frequently mark noncoding RNA promoters and represent promising starting points for targeted validation. More generally, our model provides the analytical complement to cutting-edge experimental technologies for surveying ASM in specific cell types and across species

Using interpretative phenomenological analysis to inform physiotherapy practice: An introduction with reference to the lived experience of cerebellar ataxia

The attached file is a pre-published version of the full and final paper which can be found at the link below.This article has been made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund.Qualitative research methods that focus on the lived experience of people with health conditions are relatively underutilised in physiotherapy research. This article aims to introduce interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), a research methodology oriented toward exploring and understanding the experience of a particular phenomenon (e.g., living with spinal cord injury or chronic pain, or being the carer of someone with a particular health condition). Researchers using IPA try to find out how people make sense of their experiences and the meanings they attach to them. The findings from IPA research are highly nuanced and offer a fine grained understanding that can be used to contextualise existing quantitative research, to inform understanding of novel or underresearched topics or, in their own right, to provoke a reappraisal of what is considered known about a specified phenomenon. We advocate IPA as a useful and accessible approach to qualitative research that can be used in the clinical setting to inform physiotherapy practice and the development of services from the perspective of individuals with particular health conditions.This article is available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund

Activity-Based Cost Management Part II: Applied to a Respiratory Protection Program

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91961/1/Brandt2.pd

A critical evaluation of the Down syndrome diagnosis for LB1, type specimen of Homo floresiensis

The Liang Bua hominins from Flores, Indonesia, have been the subject of intense scrutiny and debate since their initial description and classification in 2004. These remains have been assigned to a new species, Homo floresiensis, with the partial skeleton LB1 as the type specimen. The Liang Bua hominins are notable for their short stature, small endocranial volume, and many features that appear phylogenetically primitive relative to modern humans, despite their late Pleistocene age. Recently, some workers suggested that the remains represent members of a small-bodied island population of modern Austro-Melanesian humans, with LB1 exhibiting clinical signs of Down syndrome. Many classic Down syndrome signs are soft tissue features that could not be assessed in skeletal remains. Moreover, a definitive diagnosis of Down syndrome can only be made by genetic analysis as the phenotypes associated with Down syndrome are variable. Most features that contribute to the Down syndrome phenotype are not restricted to Down syndrome but are seen in other chromosomal disorders and in the general population. Nevertheless, we re-evaluated the presence of those phenotypic features used to support this classification by comparing LB1 to samples of modern humans diagnosed with Down syndrome and euploid modern humans using comparative morphometric analyses. We present new data regarding neurocranial, brain, and symphyseal shape in Down syndrome, additional estimates of stature for LB1, and analyses of inter- and intralimb proportions. The presence of cranial sinuses is addressed using CT images of LB1. We found minimal congruence between the LB1 phenotype and clinical descriptions of Down syndrome. We present important differences between the phenotypes of LB1 and individuals with Down syndrome, and quantitative data that characterize LB1 as an outlier compared with Down syndrome and non-Down syndrome groups. Homo floresiensis remains a phenotypically unique, valid species with its roots in Plio-Pleistocene Homo taxa