Segmentasi Citra Daun Tembakau Berbasis Deteksi Tepi Menggunakan Metode Robert

Pengklasifikasian daun tembakau dilakukan oleh seorang ahli tembakau yang biasa disebut grader yang bertugas mengukur dan menganalisa kualitas tembakau agar dapat dikelompokkan menjadi grade tertentu. Grader harus memiliki penglihatan dan penciuman tajam, tetapi human characteristic seorang grader seringkali melakukan kesalahan yang diakibatkan karena kelelahan, keadaan emosi, penglihatan maupun pencahayaan. Karena faktor tersebut maka dilakukan segmentasi citra daun tembakau berbasis deteksi tepi menggunakan metode Robert. Citra daun tembakau awalnya dilakukan pre-processing dengan melakukan segmentasi citra untuk mendapatkan tepi tulang daun dimana akan dibandingkan beberapa metode untuk menghasilkan deteksi tepi yang selanjutnya akan di ektraksi fiturnya untuk dikenali berdasarkan ukuran, bentuk dan teksture yang akan diklasifikasi dan dibuat aplikasi untuk menentukan grade daun tembakau. Pengklasifikasian grade pada umumnya dimulai dari proses akuisisi data, pre-processing dan post processing. Deteksi tepi adalah langkah awal melakukan segmentasi citra yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan bagian-bagian tepi dari sebuah objek. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan hasil dari tepi dan tulang daun tembakau dengan menggunakan metode robert untuk mendukung proses pre-processing dengan menganalisa bentuk daun tembakau. Prinsip pada metode robert berbasis gradient yang menggunakan kernel ukuran 2X2 pixel. Metode ini mengambil arah diagonal untuk penentuan arah dalam perhitungan nilai gradient. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode robert mampu mengidentifikasi tepi dan tulang daun dengan nilai keakurasian yang berbeda dari masing-masing image masukkan

Women and bodily separation in literature from the Victorian era until today

The dualities that are often associated with female characters have taken many forms throughout the centuries. In the Victorian era, female characters were often presented as dual natured; oftentimes this division was represented through the use of a madwoman and a heroine. In the early 20th century, however, this motif was picked up by female poets, who used duality in order to express the disconnect women often feel from their family, their friends, and, especially, their bodies. In today‟s literature, these feelings of duality and separation are expressed through a literal separation, not between good and evil, but of body and soul. In all forms throughout history, this motif has been used as a representation of the freedom of spirit that all women possess, but that is often stifled by society

Setting the Stage for a Sober Community on Campus

In the last thirty years, a movement in America helps students struggling with substance abuse and dependency. Only recently, in the 1970s to be precise, has there been any significant documentation that unveils the problem of substance abuse in college. Schools like Texas Tech University and Kennesaw State University are in the forefront helping hundreds of thousands of students who struggle to have a safe and productive college experience. These schools provide support systems, scholarships, and mentorship to those students who are free from drug use and dependence and are looking to further their education. It is my intent to demonstrate a growing need for these support systems and present a theatrical work that will raise awareness of this issue. Oftentimes, the issue of substance abuse is an embarrassing and uncomfortable topic for people to discuss. There are issues of denial at both the personal and academic level. By using theatre as a means to present this topic in a non-confrontational, engaging, and thoughtful manner, I contend that there can be progress in bringing Collegiate Recovery Programs to colleges nationwide. My play, A Way Back, will add to the canon of substance abuse plays with an emphasis on substance abuse recovery in college

Teacher Perceptions of Hazing among Middle & High School Students: A Phenomenological Study

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to explore teacher perceptions of hazing at the middle and high school levels. Additionally, this study explored coaches’, school counselors’, and school leadership team members’ experiences of hazing among middle and high school students. Relevant literature related to hazing within education, the comparison, and contrast of hazing and bullying, policies, group dynamics, imitation, and student perceptions were reviewed. The theory that guided this study was Albert Bandura’s 1986 Social Cognitive Theory, as it emphasizes social influence and external and internal social reinforcement. The research questions used were (1) What are teachers’ perceptions of hazing among middle and high school students? (2) What are coaches’ perceptions of hazing among middle and high school students? (3) What are school counselors’ perceptions of hazing among middle and high school students? (4) What are the school leadership teams’ perceptions of hazing among middle and high school students? (5) To what extent do hazing and bullying overlap among middle and high school students? The sample participants were from middle and high schools including teachers, coaches, and school leadership team members. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus groups, researcher field notes, and document analysis of student and school archival data. As indicated by Moustakas, all data were analyzed through epoché, phenomenological reduction, imagination variation, and meaning synthesis. As data were analyzed, themes associated with power, a culture of silence, unwritten rules, and intentionality were developed, which allowed me as the researcher to make implications and recommendations geared towards prevention for future research

Primary afferent projections in a diver, the muskrat

Thesis (Ph.D.) University of Alaska Fairbanks, 1989In a preliminary search for primary afferent connections involved in the diving response, cutaneous afferents from the nose were traced in muskrats and compared with those in rats, and with projections from the soft palate, posterior pharynx and larynx. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the skin or mucosa, under anesthesia. After 48 h survival, the deeply anesthetized animal was transcardially perfused and the brain was frozen and sectioned transversely in a cryostat. The sections were reacted for HRP according to standard techniques, using tetramethylbenzidine; alternate sections were Nissl stained. HRP-labeled structures were mapped using darkfield photomicrographs and camera lucida drawings. Cutaneous afferents from the nose in the muskrat project densely to layers I-II of the ventral and dorsolateral parts of the caudal subnucleus of the spinal trigeminal nucleus (Sp5C) and sparsely to layers V-VI of Sp5C, sparsely to the ventromedial part of the interpolar subnucleus of the spinal trigeminal nucleus (Sp5I), moderately to the oral subnucleus of the spinal trigeminal nucleus (Sp5O)--particularly the dorsomedial part, possibly overlapping with the nucleus of the solitary tract, and with processes of labeled cells of other lateral facial nucleus extending into ventromedial Sp5O,--moderately to the principal trigeminal nucleus (Pr5); and to the paratrigeminal nucleus (Pa5). Projections in the rat were the same, except that little or no labeling of layers V-VI of Sp5C, dorsomedial Sp5O, or Pa5 was present. Projections from the soft palate to layers I-II of rostral Sp5C, Sp5O, Sp5I, and Pr5 were similar to those from the nose in the muskrat. Heavy projections from the soft palate, and less dense projections from the posterior pharynx and larynx, to Pa5 also were found. Those regions receiving dense projections from the nose, overlapping projections from the various sites, and more highly developed projections from the nose in the muskrat than in the rat, are of particular interest for further investigation of the neural substrate underlying the diving response. The projections traced from the nose correspond particularly with nociceptive and thermoreceptive projections, which suggests that thermoafferent function may be involved in the elicitation of the diving response

You(Tube), Me, and Content ID: Paving the Way for Compulsory Synchronization Licensing on User-Generated Content Platforms

The changing landscape of digital media technology makes it increasingly difficult for owners of copyrighted music to monitor how their works are being exploited across the Internet. This is especially true of user-generated content (UGC) platforms—websites and applications such as Facebook, YouTube, and Snapchat, where content is created or uploaded predominantly by users. These services pose a special problem to copyright owners because, instead of content being uploaded from a single source that is easily sued and has deep pockets, content is uploaded by users. Users are a troublesome group because they are innumerable, sometimes anonymous, and mostly click on Upload without a moment’s regard for the copyright law. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act was intended to anticipate this problem, granting copyright owners the right to take down user-uploaded content claimed to be infringing. However, the DMCA falls short in that it is virtually impossible for a copyright owner to police thousands of potentially infringing uploads across thousands of web properties. To make matters worse, the process is a game of whack-a-mole, as blocked content may reappear instantaneously, uploaded by a different user, prompting a copyright owner to reinitiate the takedown process over and over again. Enter Content ID. Content ID is YouTube’s proprietary rights management system that automatically scans all user uploads for infringement and generates claims on behalf of copyright owners. Content ID solves the logistical headache of monitoring content for infringement, but it goes even further by allowing copyright owners to monetize infringing uses to their benefit by packaging advertisements into the formerly infringing content. This note posits that Content ID’s monetization system has resulted in a de facto compulsory licensing regime. In practice, once copyright owners opt into monetization (and most have), all users are granted an automatic synchronization license to use almost any musical work on YouTube. Content ID is not only an extrajudicial system for enacting takedowns, but has become a healthy marketplace for music copyright owners to monetize their works, generating over a billion dollars in revenue. It subverts the traditional practice of obtaining a license before a use, instead allowing copyright owners to ratify an infringing use. Thus, the Copyright Act should be amended to reflect current patterns of use by codifying a compulsory synchronization license for UGC platforms. This note also proposes that UGC platforms should utilize a Content ID–like system, or some equivalent, to facilitate the administration of the compulsory synchronization license. Finally, this note critiques the current Content ID system and provides suggestions for making adjudication of copyright claims fairer for all parties involved

The career satisfaction, future plans, and personal characteristics of Tennessee public school science and mathematics teachers in 2001

The effect of state mandates on the supply and demand of science and mathematics teachers in Tennessee is dependent upon the composition of the population of science and mathematics teachers. The purpose of this study was to replicate a study conducted in 1985 by Smith which determined the demographic profile of the general population of secondary school science and mathematics teachers in Tennessee; their general level of job satisfaction; their future plans; and their perceptions of the extent to which they possess job-related skills and abilities, the extent to which they value job-related variables, and the extent to which they have achieved in the teaching profession. Like the previous study, this study also was designed to determine if any relationships existed between the variables. The population of this study consisted of licensed secondary science and mathematics teachers employed in Tennessee during 2001. A survey questionnaire was mailed to a sample of 320 science teachers and 325 mathematics teachers in order to obtain the information described above. Findings of this study included: 1) The typical teacher has over a decade of teaching experience and holds a graduate degree, 2) The highest rated ability for both subgroups was Cooperating with a team. The highest rated value and extent of achievement for both groups was An inner sense of knowing you are doing well, 3) The typical science and mathematics teacher can us computers and educational technology to a moderate or large extent, 4) The typical science and mathematics teacher indicated they were very satisfied with their current employment and their personal growth in their career, and would be extremely likely to choose an education career again, 5) Approximately one-half of the science and mathematics teachers indicated that they plan to leave the public school classroom in five years, and 6) Science teachers related job satisfaction with recognition from supervisors, obtaining professional growth, a chance to contribute to decisions, and using technology in the classroom. Mathematics teachers related job satisfaction with knowing that you are doing well, high salary, recognition by students, and having a chance to contribute to decisions. Recommendations for further research included investigating the gender ratio to identify factors that determine a career choice in education versus a career in other mathematical fields, since the number of female mathematics teachers is twice the number of males

The effect of ethnic-identity salience and negative performance feedback on African Americans\u27 explicit and implicit self-evaluations

The processes that underlie African Americans explicit versus implicit self-evaluations are examined by using the Associative Propositional Evaluative model (APE)