Hadis-hadis Antropomorfisme: Analisis Terhadap Takwil Ibn Hajar Al-‘asqalânî Dalam Fath Al-bârî

: Anthropomorphism in Hadith: An Analysis of Ibn Hajar al- ‘Asqalânî\u27s Ta\u27wîl in Fath al-Bârî. In the history of Islamic theology, discussion on Quranic verses and the Prophetic traditions that deal with anthropomorphism has undergone long history starting from heated debate between literal hadith centrists with those of rationalists theologians and the Muktazilah. This essay attempts to elaborate Ibn Hajar\u27s view, as an advocate of tradition, in understanding the hadiths that describe the attributes similar to that of His creatures. In order to avoid potential error and confusion in understanding the attributes of God, Ibn Hajar utilized ta\u27wîl method and departed from his root due to socio-political condition and the prevailing theological teachings that led him to support the tenets of Asy‘ariyah. Conversely, he was very keen on safeguarding the Muslim\u27s creed from equating God\u27s attributes with His creatures

Additional file 1 of Novel variants identified in five Chinese families with Joubert Syndrome: a case report

Supplementary Material

Reproductive Hormone and Transcriptomic Responses of Pituitary Tissue in Anestrus Gilts Induced by Nutrient Restriction

<div><p>The onset of estrus is a critical sign of female sexual maturity. The pituitary plays a vital role in this process by the secretion of reproductive hormones. To investigate the effects of nutrient restriction on reproductive function and the underlying mechanisms involved, deep RNA sequencing of pituitary gland tissue was carried out to determine the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between gilts in normal estrus, and gilts in which anestrus was induced by nutrient restriction. Gilts which had gone through two estrus cycles were fed a normal (CON, 2.86kg/d, n = 10) or nutrient restricted (NR, 1kg/d, n = 10) diet. The NR gilts experienced another three estrus cycles, but did not express estrus symptoms at the anticipated 6^th and 7^th cycles. Body weight gain in NR gilts was significantly decreased by nutrient restriction. Gilts were considered as anestrus when blood progesterone concentrations lower than 1.0 ng/mL from three consecutive blood samples were recorded. Circulating concentrations of progesterone (< 1.0 ng/mL vs. 2.1 ng/mL) and estradiol (208.6 ng/mL vs. 371.8 ng/mL) were significantly lower in the NR gilts than in the CON gilts. Between 5,360,000 and 5,370,000 sequence reads per sample from the CON and NR gilts’ pituitaries were obtained and mapped to the porcine genome. Analysis of read counts revealed 185 DEGs. Expression of selected genes was validated by the use of quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Bioinformatic analysis identified that the genes identified were enriched in the GO terms “neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction”, “GnRH signaling pathway” and “immune response system”. Our findings provide a new perspective for understanding the nutrient restriction-induced reproductive impairment at the pituitary transcriptional level, and how this is linked to hormone secretion. Moreover, the transcriptomic changes in anestrus gilts associated with nutrient restriction could be a resource for targeted studies of genes and pathways potentially involved in the regulation of reproductive function and animal health.</p></div

Effects of diet on maternal performance^*.

<p>Note, C, control group; HF, high-fat and high-fiber group; SB, high-fat and sodium butyrate group; CHC, HF diet with CHC injection group.</p><p>*All data are means ± standard deviations; values in the same row with different letters are significantly different (P<0·05).</p><p>**Statistical analyses of fetal weight, placental weights and fetal numbers were based on the average value in each litter.</p

The primer sequences of target genes and house-keeping gene.

<p>The primer sequences of target genes and house-keeping gene.</p

Effects of diet on mRNA expression of antioxidant-related genes in placenta (A) and fetus liver (B).

<p>Values are means, with standard deviations represented by vertical bars (n = 6). a,b,c Mean values with unlike letters were significantly different (P<0·05). Trx2, thioredoxin-2; GPx1, glutathione peroxidase 1; CAT, catalase; Cu,Zn-SOD, copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase; Mn-SOD, manganese-containing superoxide dismutase; HIF-1a, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-a; JNK1, c-Jun N-terminal kinases; p38, p38; Bcl-2; Bax. C, control group; HF, high-fat and high-fiber group; SB, high-fat and sodium butyrate group; CHC, HF diet with CHC injection group.</p

Effects of diet on the activities of antioxidant related enzymes^*.

<p>Note, C, control group; HF, high-fat and high-fiber group; SB, high-fat and sodium butyrate group; CHC, HF diet with CHC injection group.</p><p>*Data are means ± standard deviations; values in the same row with different letters are significantly different (P<0·05).</p

Effects of diet on the content of SCFA in maternal cecum ^*.

<p>Note, C, control group; HF, high-fat and high-fiber group; SB, high-fat and sodium butyrate group; CHC, HF diet with CHC injection group.</p><p>*Data are means ± standard deviations; values in the same row with different letters are significantly different (P<0·05).</p

Effects of diet on mRNA expression of nutrients transporters in placenta.

<p>Values are means, with standard deviations represented by vertical bars (n = 6). a, b, c Mean values with unlike letters were significantly different (P<0·05). Slc2a1, glucose transporter 1; Slc2a3, glucose transporter 3; Slc5a1, sodium/glucose cotransporter 1; Slc7a1, cationic amino acid transporter 1; Slc38a2, system A amino acid transporter gene Slc38a2; Slc38a4, system A amino acid transporter gene Slc38a4; PepT1, peptide transporter 1; Apoa4, Apolipoprotein A4; Fabp2, fatty acid binding protein 2; Fabp3, fatty acid binding protein 3. C, control group; HF, high-fat and high-fiber group; SB, high-fat and sodium butyrate group; CHC, HF diet with CHC injection group.</p

Effects of fiber on placenta (A) and fetal liver (B) structure (Magnification ×200).

<p>C, control group; HF, high-fat and high-fiber group; SB, high-fat and sodium butyrate group; CHC, HF diet with CHC injection group.</p