Feeding habits and flight-range of blow-flies (Chrysomyia spp.) in relation to anthrax transmission in the Kruger National Park, South Afnca

Carrion-frequenting blow-flies (Chrysomyia albiceps and C. marginalis) were allowed 4 days of feeding on ³²P-orthophosphate-labelled blood or an Impala carcass (Aepyceros melampus) in the northern Kruger National Park, South Africa. The dispersal and density of fly faecal and discard droplets were then established using a Geiger-Counter, indicating that most droplets occurred between a height of 1 and 3 m on nearby leaves and twigs. This coincides with the preferred feeding height of kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros). During a previous anthrax epizootic kudu comprised 73,15 % of a total medium to large mammal mortality figure of 1054. Further analysis of mortality shows browsers to have been most severely affected, and it is suggested that this is correlated with feeding habits of these animals. Trapping also yielded radioactively labelled C. albiceps up to 32,5 km and C. marginalis up to 25 km from the isotope source.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.mn201

Seasonal abundance of carrion-frequenting blow-flies (Diptera : Calliphoridae) in the Kruger National Park

Monthly population fluctuations of carrion-frequenting blow-flies over a 24-month period were monitored using 2 carrion-baited traps in the southern Kruger National Park (KNP) and 3 in the northern KNP. All species displayed a clear seasonality. Chrysomyia marginalls and Chrysomyia albiceps were by far the most abundant. C. marginalis attained maximum abundance between November and March, with relatively low numbers present between May and September. C. albiceps maintained high population numbers between January and March in the northern KNP, with minimum numbers between May and August. In the southern KNP, C. albiceps became abundant from November to February, with low population levels between April and September. Although present only in relative low numbers, populations of Lucilia cuprina showed a clear increase in winter. Chrysomyia chloropyga, Chrysomyia putoria and Chrysomyia bezziana were trapped in significant numbers in the southern KNP, the latter 2 species reaching relative abundance in the warmer months, whereas C. chloropyga increased in cooler months from June to September. Graphic illustrations of monthly abundance are provided for all species.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.lmchunu2014mn201

Uterine coccidiosis of the impala caused by Eimeria neitzi spec. nov.

Four cases of uterine coccidiosis showing readily-detectable macroscopic lesions were collected over a period of two years during which 451 female impalas [Aepyceros melampus (Lichtenstein, 1812)] were examined post mortem in the Kruger National Park. This report includes descriptions and illustrations of macroscopic and microscopic lesions and various developmental stages of sexual reproduction of the parasite. Because of certain morphological features of the oocysts, the causative organism was determined by the authors to be a new Eimeria for which they propose the name Eimeria neitzi. This coccidium parasitizes mainly the distal portions of the uterine glands and the adjacent surface epithelium. Another distinctive feature of Eimeria neitzi is that sporogony occurs while the oocysts are still within host cells. On the basis of present knowledge, uterine coccidiosis is of very low incidence among impalas in the Kruger National Park and probably of little herd significance under the prevailing veld conditions. Its effect on reproduction was not determined.The journals have been scanned in colour with a HP 5590 scanner; 600 dpi. Adobe Acrobat v.11 was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.

Nasal acariasis in the chacma baboon, Papio ursinus Kerr, 1972

Mature specimens of Rhinophaga papionis Fain, 1955 were observed exclusively in the maxillary recesses of 29 of 31 chacma baboons (93,6%). They stimulated the formation of inflammatory polyps, which in some cases almost completely filled the recesses. The polyps were composed of a myxomatous core infiltrated with varying numbers of plasma cells and eosinophiles. Hyperplastic epithelium with localized areas of stratified squamous metaplasia covered the polyps. R. elongata Coffee, van Aswegen, McConnell & Basson, 1971 (elongated nasal mite) was found in 3 of 44 baboons (6,8%). This remarkably long mite (5 to 6 mm) was located in the apex of small nodules which were randomly distributed throughout the nasal cavity. The anterior third of the mite was deeply embedded in the mucosa and in some cases even in the subjacent bone. These mites also tended to cause plugging of the mucosal glands which became markedly dilated. It is probable that both mites have a direct life cycle, with spread by way of immature forms.The journals have been scanned in colour with a HP 5590 scanner; 600 dpi. Adobe Acrobat v.11 was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.Medical Research and Development Command, U.S. Army, Washington, D.C

Helminth and arthropod parasites of vaal ribbok, Pelea capreolus, in the western Cape Province

Five vaal ribbok, culled in the Bontebok National Park during December 1979, were examined for helminth and arthropod parasites. Two nematode species, a louse and 2 tick species were recovered and there was also evidence of previous infestation by the larvae of 2 oestrid flies. The parasite burdens of the vaal ribbok are compared with those of sympatric bontebok and springbok culled at the same time.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.University of Pretoria. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research

Distribution of endocrine cells in the gut of the impala (Aepyceros melampus)

Immunocytochemical methods were employed to demonstrate endocrine cells, containing peptides and serotonin, in the gut of the impala. Cells immunoreactive to serotonin, somatostatin, gastrin, cholecystokinin, glucagon, neurotensin, secretin, glucose-dependant insulinotropic peptide and motilin were detected. Antisera raised to substance P and pancreatic polypeptide failed to stain any cells. The distribution of these peptide-containing cells is more in line with the situation in sheep than other ruminants. In contrast, the distribution and abundance of serotonin cells in the gut of the impala parallels the situation seen in game herbivores.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat X Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.mn201

Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South-Africa. XVII. Arthropod parasites of Burchell's zebra, Equus burchelli, in the eastern Transvaal Lowveld

Thirty-five Burchell's zebra, Equus burchelli, were shot for arthropod parasite recovery during the period November 1978-January 1982 in the Kruger National Park. Six species of gasterophilid larvae, 2 species of oestrid larvae, 2 louse species and 7 ixodid tick species were recovered. The distribution of the Gasterophilus spp. larvae within the gastrointestinal tract and their seasonal prevalence were determined. The seasonal prevalence of the oestrid larvae and 4 of the 7 ixodid tick species was also ascertained.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.University of Pretoria. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research.am201

Seasonal incidence of helminths in the Burchell's zebra

Ten Burchell's zebras were culled in conjunction with the Kruger National Park's game management programme. The colts ranged in age from 9-17 months and the stallions from 2½ - 23 years. The gastro-intestinal tract and the abdominal cavity were examined for helminths. The principal families of nematodes recovered included the Atractidae, Strongylidae and Spiruridae. The Atractidae included Crossocephalus and Probstmayria; the Strongylidae 2 subfamilies, Cyathostominae and Strongylinae, and the genera of the Cyathostominae were Cyathostomum, Cylicocyclus, Cylicodontophorus, Cylicostephanus, Cylindropharynx and Poteriostomum. Craterostomum, Oesophagodontus, Strongylus and Triodontophorus represent the Strongylinae. The last of the 3 principal families, the Spiruridae, included Draschia and Habronema. Total worm burdens ranged from 0 - 1 947 474. Despite the fact that the 3 families have life-cycles that differ greatly, their seasonal incidence over the 11-month period showed similar trends.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. XX. Arthropod parasites of the Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra)

The arthropod parasite burdens of 14 Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra), shot for survey purposes in the Mountain Zebra National Park in the Eastern Cape Province, were determined. Three species of Gasterophilus larvae and 9 ixodid tick species were recovered. Larvae of Gasterophilus pecorum were the most numerous of the fly larvae recovered and Margaropus winthemi was the most abundant tick. Two horses examined in the park were infested with 3 species of Gasterophilus larvae and 7 species of ixodid ticks.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.Rhodes University, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research and Meat Board

Parasites of domestic and wild animals in South Africa. XVI. Helminth and arthropod parasites of blue and black wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus and Connochaetes gnou)

Fifty-five blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) were shot for parasite recovery at approximately monthly intervals during a period of 13 months in the Kruger National Park. Thirteen nematode species, 4 cestode species, 1 trematode, the larvae of 5 oestrid flies, 3 lice species, 7 ixodid tick species, 1 mite species and the nymphae of a pentastomid were recovered. The seasonal prevalence of 8 nematodes, 2 cestodes, the larvae of 4 oestrid flies, 2 lice and 4 ixodid tick species was determined. The endo- and ectoparasite burdens of 7 black wildebeest (Connochaetes gnou) shot in the Golden Gate Highlands Park in the Orange Free State and 3 shot in the Rietvlei Reserve in the Transvaal were determined. These animals harboured 4 nematode species, 1 cestode, the larvae of 5 oestrid fly species, 2 lice species, 4 ixodid tick species and a mite species.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.University of Pretoria. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. Sentrachem (Pty) Ltd