Avaliação da aplicação do modelo SWAT para simulações hidrológicas na bacia hidrográfica do rio Bicudo, em Minas Gerais

The scarcity of water and the intense use of this resource by agricultural sector have caused social conflicts and environmental problems in the hydrographic basin of Bicudo river, an affluent of Velhas river, in Minas Gerais. The hydrographic basin of Bicudo river has some intermittent rivers, which makes water availability one of the biggest challenges for its population in periods of drought, because they are predominantly rural and use water in agricultural and livestock production. In 2015, 308 containment basins, named “barraginhas”, were built in the cities of Corinto/MG and Morro da Garça/MG, where the basin of Bicudo river is located. These constructions were financed by tax from use of water in the basin of Velhas river. In this context, this study aims to investigate whether the projects oriented to recovery of degraded areas, in this case, the containment basins, were able to promote impact over the hydrological behavior of hydrographic basin of Bicudo river. To this purpose, the basin analyzed was modeled by using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool - SWAT to simulate the containment basins implantation effects on water flow of Bicudo river. The model parameters were adjusted using the register of fluviometric station “Ponte do Bicudo” from 2002 to 2014. With the support of SWAT-CUP software, the Nash and Sutcliffe (NS) coefficient of 0,67 and 0,75 and the trend percentage (PBIAS) of -5.1% and 9.5%, were found in calibration and validation steps, respectively. These results from the NS and PBIAS indexes demonstrate that the model elaborated for Bicudo river basin performed well, based on NS index, and very well based on PBIAS index. The scenario with the containment basins built in 2015 was compared to the simulated scenario whithout these interventions. After completing the simulations, it was found that the SWAT model showed sensitivity to changes executed at digital elevation model - MDE, to represent the presence of containment basins. The scenario with “barraginhas” showed lower peak flows than that simulated without them. This result indicates that the presence of these interventions together is capable of promoting peak flow reduction in critical rainy events, favoring the permanence of water within the limits of the hydrographic basin for a longer time. Despite the uncertainties of hydrological simulation tools, the results generated in this work are useful for water resource managers, for members of hydrographic basin committees and for representatives of Brazilian hydrographic basin Agencies. This study could contribute to develop strategies focused on water resources and soil preservation in hydrographic basins with characteristics similar to those of the Bicudo river.A escassez hídrica e o intenso uso da água pelo setor agropecuário têm provocado conflitos sociais e problemas ambientais na bacia hidrográfica do rio Bicudo, afluente do rio das Velhas, em Minas Gerais. A bacia hidrográfica do rio Bicudo possui alguns rios intermitentes, fazendo com que a disponibilidade hídrica nos períodos de seca seja um dos maiores desafios para a sua população, predominantemente rural, que utiliza a água na produção agrícola e pecuária. No ano de 2015 foram construídas 308 bacias de contenção (barraginhas) na bacia hidrográfica do rio Bicudo, no território dos municípios de Corinto/MG e Morro da Garça/MG. Essas obras foram financiadas com o recurso da cobrança pelo uso da água na bacia do rio das Velhas. Nesse contexto, este estudo tem por objetivo investigar se os projetos de recuperação de áreas degradadas, neste caso as barraginhas, foram capazes de impactar no comportamento hidrológico da bacia hidrográfica do rio Bicudo. Para isto, a bacia em análise foi modelada com o auxílio do Soil and Water Assessment Tool – SWAT no intuito de simular os efeitos da implantação das bacias de contenção no fluxo das águas do rio Bicudo. Os parâmetros do modelo foram ajustados, empregando-se os registros da estação fluviométrica “Ponte do Bicudo” no período de 2002 a 2014. Com o apoio do software SWAT-CUP, foram obtidos o coeficiente de Nash e Sutcliffe (NS) de 0,67 e 0,75 e o percentual de tendência (PBIAS) de -5,1% e 9,5%, respectivamente, para as etapas de calibração e validação do modelo. Esses resultados dos índices NS e PBIAS demonstram que o modelo elaborado para a bacia do rio Bicudo apresentou um desempenho considerado bom com base no índice NS e muito bom com relação ao índice PBIAS. Foi comparado o cenário com a presença das bacias de contenção construídas em 2015, com o cenário simulado que apresenta a ausência dessas intervenções. Constatou-se que o modelo hidrológico construído para a bacia do rio Bicudo demonstrou sensibilidade às alterações realizadas no modelo digital de elevação – MDE, no qual foram representadas as bacias de contenção. O cenário com a presença das barraginhas apresentou vazões de pico menores que as simuladas no cenário sem essas intervenções, o que indica que a presença dessas intervenções em conjunto é capaz de promover a redução das vazões de pico em eventos chuvosos críticos, favorecendo a permanência da água no interior dos limites da bacia hidrográfica por um tempo maior. Apesar das incertezas existentes no uso de ferramentas de simulação hidrológica, os resultados gerados neste trabalho são úteis para gestores de recursos hídricos, para os membros dos comitês de bacias hidrográficas e para os representantes das Agências de Bacias Hidrográficas brasileiras. Este estudo poderá contribuir para que essas entidades desenvolvam estratégias orientadas para a preservação dos recursos hídricos e dos solos em bacias hidrográficas com características similares às do rio Bicudo

Current Approaches to Pesticide Use and Glyphosate-Resistant Weeds in Brazilian Agriculture

The aim of this chapter is to show a general vision about the pesticides use in Brazil. Pesticides are chemical products that contribute to agricultural production processes, mainly large scale, as agents of chemical, physical and biological processes. The glyphosate is the most widely used pesticide in Brazil to vast area cultivated with genetically modified glyphosate-resistant crops. Also, this herbicide is the most widely used in the world to control weeds in various crops, making chemical control cheap, easy and efficient. However, with the advance in the cultivation of glyphosate-resistant crops and the intensive use of this herbicide associated with the non-use of other herbicides, glyphosate-resistant weed biotypes are emerging very quickly. In this way, its use must be performed consciously in order not to occur significant increase in the amount of weeds resistant to this herbicide. Despite its great use in the country, it presents few records of resistant weeds when compared to other herbicide action mechanisms. Thus, good agricultural practices are indispensable and more innovations in technologies are necessary for the future. Therefore, adopting a long-term weed management perspective and integration systems for all agricultural practices is of paramount importance to farmers

Produção nacional de medicamentos pautada em necessidades sanitárias: um olhar sobre as Parcerias para o Desenvolvimento Produtivo (PDP)

As Parcerias para o Desenvolvimento Produtivo (PDP) consistem em parcerias entre instituições públicas ou entre instituições públicas e privadas para o desenvolvimento, transferência e absorção de tecnologia de produtos estratégicos para o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Neste tipo de parceria, o Estado utiliza seu poder de compra visando a diminuição nos custos de aquisição dos produtos e o fomento ao desenvolvimento tecnológico para fabricação público-nacional de produtos inovadores e essenciais. Posto isto, este estudo tem por objetivo analisar o impacto das PDP para o sistema de saúde público. Inicialmente, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica na ferramenta virtual de pesquisa livre Google Scholar. Complementarmente, procedeu-se a pesquisa documental visando examinar a Constituição Federal de 1988, o Relatório de Avaliação da Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia e Insumos estratégicos – Exercício 2018 – do Ministério da Transparência e Controladoria-Geral da União (CGU) e as Portarias e Resoluções do Ministério da Saúde que se referem às PDPs. A partir das análises foi possível a identificação das potencialidades das PDP que corroboram para o incentivo desta política pelo Governo, e também de suas fragilidades que precisam ser sanadas para o bom andamento das mesmas. Ademais, foi possível identificar a participação dos laboratórios farmacêuticos oficias (LFO) na produção e fornecimento de medicamentos que atendem as prioridades sanitárias nacionais, como os imunossupressores utilizados para tratamento da doença renal crônica, uma das doenças com alto índice de mortes no Brasil e no mundo

Concepção docente e teoria vigente: jogo como ferramenta de desenvolvimento humano no ambiente escolar

En la esperanza de vislumbrar una educación que pueda garantizar a las nuevas generaciones un mundo mejor, el texto emerge, con claridad y sencillez, en un camino interactivo entre el juego y la educación, buscando, paralelamente, comprender, bajo la mirada de la educadora, su percepción sobre las posibilidades de ese recurso de desarrollo humano de los niños en el ambiente escolar y, paralelamente, establecer relaciones a la teoría vigente. Objetivo: Comprender las percepciones docentes sobre el juego como herramienta de desarrollo humano en la enseñanza fundamental.In the hope of glimpsing an education that can guarantee to the new generations a better world, the text emerges, clearly and simply, in an interactive path between play and education, searching, at the same time, to understand, under the eyes of the educator, their perception about the possibilities of this resource of human development of children in the school environment and, at the same time, to establish relations to the current theory. Objective: To understand the teachers' perceptions of the game as a tool for human development in fundamental education.Na esperança de vislumbrar uma educação que possa garantir às novas gerações um mundo melhor, o texto imerge, com clareza e simplicidade, num caminho interativo entre o jogo e educação, buscando, paralelamente, compreender, sob o olhar da educadora sua percepção sobre as possibilidades desse recurso de desenvolvimento humano das crianças no ambiente escolar e, paralelamente, estabelecer relações à teoria vigente. Objetivo: Compreender as percepções docentes sobre o jogo como ferramenta de desenvolvimento humano no ensino fundamental.peerReviewe

Sexual behavior and its association with persistent oral lesions : analysis of the POP-Brazil study

Objectives To investigate whether the presence of persistent self-reported oral lesions (PSOLs) is associated with sexual behaviors and with the presence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in individuals aged 16–25 years in the state capitals of Brazil. Materials and Methods Data from the POP-Brazil study were analyzed. An association analysis was performed by Poisson regression with the presence of PSOLs as the outcome. The exposure variables were the age at first sexual intercourse, the number of partners, oral sex practice, and aspects of condom use for model 1, and the presence of a self-reported STI or a positive rapid test for HIV/syphilis and the presence of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) for model 2. The results were adjusted for socioeconomic variables. Results The prevalence of PSOLs was 76% higher among individuals who had two or more sexual partners in the past year (p = 0.046) and 68% higher in those who reported not using condoms for contraception (p = 0.032). The group with HIV/syphilis or self-reported STI had a 140% higher PSOL prevalence (p = 0.003). Conclusions The self-report of oral lesions in adolescents and young adults may suggest risky sexual behavior and the presence of STI. Clinical relevance It is necessary to contextualize the reality of the young person to optimize oral health care

Track and field and school: interfaces with student knowledge and human development

Este estudo objetivou, a partir de uma intervenção pedagógica, com o conteúdo Atletismo enfatizando aspectos históricos e culturais, analisar suas interfaces com a formação, conhecimento e desenvolvimento humano dos alunos na Educação Física Escolar. Nesse processo de introduzir e contextualizar o tema experimentado optou-se pelo jogo como ferramenta de aprendizagem. As unidades foram determinadas pelas provas atléticas de correr, lançar e saltar. A experiência se desenvolveu numa turma de vinte e cinco alunos do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma Escola Pública no município de São Jose (SC), Brasil. As aulas foram filmadas para posterior análise. Ainda, na avaliação, utilizou a entrevista semiestruturada empregando a técnica do grupo focal. Com a ida do Atletismo a escola, ao introduzir e resgatar elementos da história do homem, desenvolvendo conhecimento, as vivências lúdicas com o jogo, oportunizaram ao aluno, competências, saberes e valores, que contribuíram significativamente em seu desenvolvimento humano.This study aimed at analyzing the interfaces of training, knowledge and human development of students in Physical School Education. It was based on a pedagogical intervention, with track and field content emphasizing historical and cultural aspects. In the process of introducing and contextualizing the tried theme, the game was chosen as a learning tool. The units were determined by the track and field tests of running, pitching and jumping. The experiment was carried out in a group of twenty-five students of the 6th grade of a Public School in the Municipality of São Jose (SC), Brazil. The classes were filmed for later analysis. For the evaluation, we used the semi-structured interview using the focal group technique. As a consequence of taking Track and field to school, we introduced and recovered elements of man's history, developed knowledge, playful experiences with the game and provided students with skills, knowledge and values that contributed significantly to their human development.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

COVID-19-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adult: the first death in Brazil

The precise pathogenesis of COVID-19-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome remains largely elusive, despite its rarity. The syndrome symptoms often overlap with those of other infections, posing challenges for prompt diagnosis. A male patient, 34 years old, was admitted with suspicion of severe dengue, rapidly progressing to multiple organ dysfunction. Dengue tests resulted negative, and he passed away after four days. This case occurred approximately four weeks after the initial onset of COVID-19 and met all diagnostic criteria as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This report presents the first documented case of fatal multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adult (MIS-A) in Brazil. Recognizing the significance of suspecting this syndrome and promptly initiating treatment at an early stage are essential for minimizing damage and mortality

Track and field and school: interfaces with student knowledge and human development

Este estudo objetivou, a partir de uma intervenção pedagógica, com o conteúdo Atletismo enfatizando aspectos históricos e culturais, analisar suas interfaces com a formação, conhecimento e desenvolvimento humano dos alunos na Educação Física Escolar. Nesse processo de introduzir e contextualizar o tema experimentado optou-se pelo jogo como ferramenta de aprendizagem. As unidades foram determinadas pelas provas atléticas de correr, lançar e saltar. A experiência se desenvolveu numa turma de vinte e cinco alunos do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma Escola Pública no município de São Jose (SC), Brasil. As aulas foram filmadas para posterior análise. Ainda, na avaliação, utilizou a entrevista semiestruturada empregando a técnica do grupo focal. Com a ida do Atletismo a escola, ao introduzir e resgatar elementos da história do homem, desenvolvendo conhecimento, as vivências lúdicas com o jogo, oportunizaram ao aluno, competências, saberes e valores, que contribuíram significativamente em seu desenvolvimento humano.This study aimed at analyzing the interfaces of training, knowledge and human development of students in Physical School Education. It was based on a pedagogical intervention, with track and field content emphasizing historical and cultural aspects. In the process of introducing and contextualizing the tried theme, the game was chosen as a learning tool. The units were determined by the track and field tests of running, pitching and jumping. The experiment was carried out in a group of twenty-five students of the 6th grade of a Public School in the Municipality of São Jose (SC), Brazil. The classes were filmed for later analysis. For the evaluation, we used the semi-structured interview using the focal group technique. As a consequence of taking Track and field to school, we introduced and recovered elements of man's history, developed knowledge, playful experiences with the game and provided students with skills, knowledge and values that contributed significantly to their human development.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Hospitalizations for COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital in Brazil: a parallel with vaccination

This study aimed to evaluate the COVID-19 hospitalizations in a tertiary hospital by age group and month, considering the introduction and the advance of the vaccination against the disease. The laboratory-confirmed COVID-19-associated hospitalizations among people aged 20 years or older, that occurred between March 2020 and June 2021, were distributed by month of symptom onset and age group. The proportion of hospitalizations by age group was calculated for the year 2021. The proportions were compared using the chi-square test for trends. The marks of vaccination advances among different age groups were taken from the official website LocalizaSUS. In 2020, hospitalizations among people aged 60–80 years old were the most frequent (39.1%). From January–June 2021, when the vaccination commenced, while hospitalizations of patients aged 20 to < 40 and 40 to 60 years old showed an increasing trend, the older age groups and those with vaccination recommendations (from 60 to < 80 and from 80 or over) showed a downward trend. As of June 2021, with widespread vaccination, a drop in hospitalizations was observed in > 60 years old. At 20 to <40 and 40 to < 60, an increase in hospitalizations was observed. It demonstrates the important role of vaccination in combating the COVID-19 pandemic