“Un análisis de los determinantes sociales de la violencia escolar en Pernambuco: El caso de la cuidad de Jaboatão dos Guararapes.”

En el artículo se presenta los determinantes de la violencia escolar a la luz de la crítica de la pos modernidad. Nuestra metodología fue compuesta de estudio de campo en una institución escolar en la ciudad de Jaboatão dos Guararapes en el Estado de Pernambuco – Brasil y análisis documental. Fueron aplicados cuestionarios con diecisiete alumnos (diez chicas y siete chicos de edades comprendidas entre catorce y quince años del noveno año de la Enseñanza Fundamental) y trece profesores (siete mujeres y seis hombres).  El tipo de violencia más percibido entre ellos es la violencia física junto con el prejuicio y discriminación. Los entrevistados apuntan que el apoyo familiar es un elemento importante en la inhibición de este tipo de violencia.  Concluimos que la violencia escolar es un fenómeno multicausal y complejo y que sus expresiones pueden tener como determinantes, la demostración de poder; la asistencia insuficiente del estado a la juventud y a la familia; la fragilización de la carrera docente; la insensibilidad moral y las relaciones de consumo presentes en la sociedad pos-moderna.Neste artigo se apresentam os determinantes da violência escolar à luz da crítica da pós-modernidade. Nossa metodologia foi composta de estudo de campo em uma instituição educacional na cidade de Jaboatão dos Guararapes, no estado de Pernambuco - Brasil e de análise documental. Foram aplicados questionários a dezessete estudantes (dez meninas e sete meninos com idade entre catorze e quinze anos do nono ano do Ensino Fundamental I) e a treze professores (sete mulheres e seis homens). O tipo de violência mais percebido é a violência física seguido do preconceito e da discriminação. Os entrevistados indicam que o apoio familiar é importante na inibição do fenômeno. Conclui-se que a violência escolar é um fenômeno multicausal e complexo, e suas expressões podem ter como determinantes a demonstração do poder; o insuficiente apoio do Estado para a juventude e para a família; a fragilização da profissão docente; a insensibilidade moral; e as relações de consumo presentes na sociedade pós-moderna

Screening and Breeding Soybean for Flood Tolerance

Waterlogging can be detrimental to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] growth and development, with effects ranging from chlorosis and stunting to yield loss and plant death. Soybean responses to, and the effects of, waterlogging are dependent on the growth stage of the plant at the initiation of waterlogging. The objectives of this study were: (1) to assess the effectiveness of Genomic Selection (GS), Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) and Phenotypic Selection for flood tolerance at the progeny row stage as compared to random selection, for the development of high-yielding flood-tolerant lines; and (2) to compare field-screening and hydroponic greenhouse screening methodologies for hypoxia tolerance. For the first objective, 391 individuals from four populations at the F4:5 generation were either: 1) screened for waterlogging tolerance at the R1 growth stage in observation or first-year yield trial stages; 2) subjected to genomic selection using two different training approaches; 3) underwent marker-assisted selection; or 4) were advanced purely based on agronomic adaptation under non-flooded condition. Subsequently, the tagged selections together with the base populations (control) were entered in a multi-location trial where flood tolerance and yield were assessed, and the responses were compared across the different selection methods. Results from this experiment indicated significant differences between visual selection and the base population, and between genomic selection and base population when long-rows experiment was used in the training set. Random selection and base population were also significantly different on the identification of flood tolerant lines, assessed as tolerance index and probability of discard. Random selection method resulted in the lowest tolerance index and highest probability of discard. We also observed that visual or genomic selection derived from hill plots did not outperform the control in terms of flood tolerance. In addition, all six methods and base populations had similar performance in terms of mean yield. This suggests that breeders must focus on selecting for flood tolerance early in the breeding stages, without major risk of reducing yield potential. For the second objective of this study, a total of 17 soybean genotypes were screened for waterlogging tolerance at the V2 growth stage and under a hydroponic system. Plots of responses by cultivar and test method were analyzed. We observed consistency in results between field and hydroponic system for most of the cultivars, enabling us to discard based on flood susceptibility. Identification of the most efficient selection method for flood tolerance, and the development of a greenhouse screening methodology, will aid plant breeders in developing new flood-tolerant cultivars

Is \u3ci\u3etodo N\u3c/i\u3e in Brazilian Portuguese a quantifier?

This paper investigates whether todo N (universal quantifier + noun phrase) in Brazilian Portuguese is existential (an indefinite) or a universal. It concludes that it is a universal with a modal trait. The first section shows that todo N has properties which distinguish it from definite universal phrases. These properties may be explained by Matthewson’s (2001) suggestion concerning the semantic structures of every and all. Within such an approach, todo N would not be a quantifier. This hypothesis finds support in Negrão’s (2002) analysis, which claims that todo N is an indefinite. Based on Dayal (1998) and Saeboe’s (2001) analyses of any, we show that todo N is a universal with a modal trait. Finally, we show that todo N cannot be specific in Enç’s sense (1991); thus her generalization concerning quantifiers should be revised. We conclude that quantification and specificity should be kept apart and that todo N is a non-specific quantifier

O ensino de estatíca via projetos: a escolha profissional no ensino superior por alunos do 2° ano do ensino médio de escolas estaduais em uberaba

Com a finalidade de preparar os alunos de licenciatura em matemática em seu processo de formação, o Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência – PIBID realiza ações voltadas à melhoria da educação matemática nas escolas públicas participantes do subprojeto de matemática. Neste trabalho os alunos bolsistas da Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro desenvolveram uma modelagem matemática na área de estatística, aplicando um questionário a 252 alunos do 2º ano do Ensino Médio a duas escolas estaduais de Uberaba em Minas Gerais. Através deste questionário pretendeu-se estabelecer perfil deste grupo e identificar a escolha profissional destes quando da entrada no Ensino Superior e sua motivação em continuar seus estudos. Alguns resultados indicam que o que dificultaria a continuidade dos estudos seria: 65,0% da escola I (condição financeira, disponibilidade de tempo, indecisão na escolha da área e vida familiar) e 63,4% da escola II, além dos mesmos da escola I (idade e falta de vontade)

“I didn’t know what to do, where to go”: The voices of students whose parents were born in Latin America on the need for care in Quebec universities

This qualitative study reports the university experiences of Quebec students whose parents were born in Latin America. The analysis, which looks at students who have either persisted in school or discontinued their studies, underscores the importance of cultural capital and, especially, an understanding of the student craft for school retention. The students report a low sense of affiliation with the university, and a perceived lack of support and care from the university and its social actors. Our interpretation of the data highlights self-blame for the challenges faced in university concurrently with the implementation of strategies to meet the challenges of the institution. We conclude by emphasizing how important it is for universities to support students better, adequately inform them about their options and the institution’s inner workings, and form a community with students in a spirit of care.Cette étude qualitative relate des expériences universitaires d’étudiants québécois dont les parents sont nés en Amérique latine. L’analyse, qui porte sur les étudiantes qui ont persévéré ou interrompu leurs études, souligne l’importance du capital culturel et, surtout, de la compréhension du métier d’étudiant pour la persévérance scolaire. Les étudiantes rapportent un faible sentiment d’affiliation à l’université et un manque perçu de soutien et de soin de la part de l’université et de ses acteurs sociaux. Notre interprétation des données met en vidence une autoculpabilisation pour les défis rencontrés à l’université en même temps que la mise en oeuvre de stratégies pour relever les défis de l’institution. Nous concluons en soulignant à quel point il est important pour les universités de mieux soutenir les étudiantes, de les informer adéquatement sur leurs options et le fonctionnement interne de l’institution et de former une communauté avec les étudiantes dans un esprit de soin

Sustainable energy integration: A real possibility in South America through the Unasur

This study aims to inspire an initial assessment and subsequent discussion of thebirth and development of the energy policy within the integrative perspective ofthe Union of South American Nations (UNASUR). Once established the role expected by this international entity facing global and regional energy demands, it is intended to ascertain the level of completeness of environmental issues within these negotiations. To achieve the desired goals in this preliminary study provided largely by the search and reading of specific literature, the work begins with an explanation of the origins and institutional bases of UNASUR, showing its previous and explicit goals. In sequence, the research is directly targeted to a study of UNASUR policies that include the plans, strategies and specific regulations for the development of the desired energy framework. Finally, as part of the systematic sequence of this study, it is approached the hybrid fieldof the inclusion of conservation goals and sustainable use of natural resources and its compatibility with the egalitarian energy policy. Finally, it is prospected the presence of sustainability variables of natural resources and its vital importance to the compatibility between poverty reduction in South American countries and the maintenance of the quality of the environment and consequently the human race included on it