A novel orbiter mission concept for venus with the envision proposal

In space exploration, planetary orbiter missions are essential to gain insight into planets as a whole, and to help uncover unanswered scientific questions. In particular, the planets closest to the Earth have been a privileged target of the world’s leading space agencies. EnVision is a mission proposal with the objective of studying Earth’s closest neighbor. Designed for Venus and competing for ESA’s next launch opportunity, the proposal already went through the selective technical review for the M4 launch opportunity, and was submitted to the M5 call, incorporating feedback from ESA. The main goal is to study geological and atmospheric processes, namely surface processes, interior dynamics and atmosphere, to determine the reasons behind Venus and Earth’s radically different evolution despite the planets’ similarities. To achieve these goals, the operational orbit selection is a fundamental element of the mission design process. The design of an orbit around Venus faces specific challenges, such as the impossibility of choosing Sun-synchronous orbits. In this paper, an innovative genetic algorithm optimization was applied to select the optimal orbit based on the parameters with more influence in the mission planning, in particular the mission duration and the coverage of sites of interest on the Venusian surface. After summarizing the EnVision proposal’s mission concept for Venus, the optimization and innovation of the operational orbit design will be analyzed in terms of its benefits to the mission

Risco e vulnerabilidade nas práticas dos profissionais de saúde Riesgo y vulnerabilidad en las prácticas laborales de los profesionales del área de la salud Risk and vulnerability in the practice of professional healthcare

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a produção científica da área da saúde e enfermagem acerca dos fatores de risco e da vulnerabilidade nas práticas dos profissionais de saúde, por meio de uma revisão integrativa. Os artigos foram pesquisados nas bases de dados LILACS e SCIELO, entre 2005 e 2010, a partir dos descritores vulnerabilidade, risco, riscos ocupacionais e pessoal de saúde, constituindo uma amostra de 21 publicações. Na atenção primária à saúde, os riscos e as vulnerabilidades relacionam-se à deficiência de recursos para o trabalho, à violência física e ao desgaste emocional. No contexto hospitalar, destacaram-se os acidentes com material biológico relacionados ao uso inadequado e não adesão a medidas de proteção, a sobrecarga de trabalho e a autoconfiança. Ressalta-se a importância da elaboração de políticas públicas em saúde do trabalhador, visando à melhoria das condições de trabalho e maior satisfação profissional.<br>Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los riesgos y vulnerabilidades presentes en las prácticas de los profesionales de la salud, a través de una revisión integradora de la producción científica en salud y enfermería. Los artículos fueron consultados en la bases LILACS y SciELO, de 2005 a 2010, según los descriptores: vulnerabilidad, riesgo, riesgos laborales y personal de salud, que abarca una muestra de 21 publicaciones. En la atención primaria, los riesgos y las vulnerabilidades están relacionados con la deficiencia de recursos para el trabajo, la violencia física y el estrés emocional. En el ámbito hospitalario se pueden destacar: los accidentes con material biológico relacionado con el uso indebido y el incumplimiento de las medidas de protección, sobrecarga de trabajo y confianza en uno mismo. Hacemos hincapié en la importancia de desarrollar políticas públicas dirigidas a mejorar las condiciones laborales del trabajador y una mayor satisfacción y concienciación profesional.<br>The purpose of this study is to analyze the risks and vulnerability found in professional healthcare and the safe practices adopted, based on academic research in the field of healthcare and nursing, by means of an integrative review. The articles were found in the LILACS and SCIELO databases, from the years 2005-2010, in a search for the descriptors vulnerability, risk, and occupational and personal health risks, establishing a sample of 21 articles. In basic healthcare, risks and vulnerabilities are related to the lack of resources needed for work, physical violence and emotional strain. In a hospital context, the problems are related to accidents with biological materials caused by improper use and failure to adopt protective measures, as well as excessive work and self-confidence. The importance of implementing public policies in worker health to improve working conditions and provide greater satisfaction and professional awareness is emphasized