Lorenz integrable system moves \`a la Poinsot

A transformation is derived which takes Lorenz integrable system into the well-known Euler equations of a free-torque rigid body with a fixed point, i.e. the famous motion \`a la Poinsot. The proof is based on Lie group analysis applied to two third order ordinary differential equations admitting the same two-dimensional Lie symmetry algebra. Lie's classification of two-dimensional symmetry algebra in the plane is used. If the same transformation is applied to Lorenz system with any value of parameters, then one obtains Euler equations of a rigid body with a fixed point subjected to a torsion depending on time and angular velocity. The numerical solution of this system yields a three-dimensional picture which looks like a "tornado" whose cross-section has a butterfly-shape. Thus, Lorenz's {\em butterfly} has been transformed into a {\em tornado}.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure

Lie point symmetries and first integrals: the Kowalevsky top

We show how the Lie group analysis method can be used in order to obtain first integrals of any system of ordinary differential equations. The method of reduction/increase of order developed by Nucci (J. Math. Phys. 37, 1772-1775 (1996)) is essential. Noether's theorem is neither necessary nor considered. The most striking example we present is the relationship between Lie group analysis and the famous first integral of the Kowalevski top.Comment: 23 page

Effect of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns on planned cancer surgery for 15 tumour types in 61 countries: an international, prospective, cohort study

none5045siSurgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction.Glasbey J.; Ademuyiwa A.; Adisa A.; Alameer E.; Arnaud A.P.; Ayasra F.; Azevedo J.; Minaya-Bravo A.; Costas-Chavarri A.; Edwards J.; Elhadi M.; Fiore M.; Fotopoulou C.; Gallo G.; Ghosh D.; Griffiths E.A.; Harrison E.; Hutchinson P.; Lawani I.; Lawday S.; Lederhuber H.; Leventoglu S.; Li E.; Gomes G.M.A.; Mann H.; Marson E.J.; Martin J.; Mazingi D.; McLean K.; Modolo M.; Moore R.; Morton D.; Ntirenganya F.; Pata F.; Picciochi M.; Pockney P.; Ramos-De la Medina A.; Roberts K.; Roslani A.C.; Kottayasamy Seenivasagam R.; Shaw R.; Simoes J.F.F.; Smart N.; Stewart G.D.; Sullivan R.; Sundar S.; Tabiri S.; Taylor E.H.; Vidya R.; Nepogodiev D.; Bhangu A.; Glasbey J.C.; Bhangu A.A.; Siaw-Acheampong K.; Benson R.A.; Bywater E.; Chaudhry D.; Dawson B.E.; Evans J.P.; Gujjuri R.R.; Heritage E.; Jones C.S.; Kamarajah S.K.; Khatri C.; Khaw R.A.; Keatley J.M.; Knight A.; Mann H.S.; McLean K.A.; Mckay S.C.; Mills E.C.; Pellino G.; Tiwari A.; Simoes J.F.; Trout I.M.; Venn M.L.; Wilkin R.J.; Smart N.J.; Moug S.; Di Saverio S.; Vallance A.; Vimalchandran D.; Evans R.P.; Townend P.; McKay S.; Isaac J.; Satoi S.; Coonar A.S.; Marchbank A.; Caruana E.J.; Layton G.R.; Patel A.; Brunelli A.; Ford S.; Desai A.; Gronchi A.; Almond M.; Tirotta F.; Dumitra S.; Kolias A.; Price S.J.; Fountain D.M.; Jenkinson M.D.; Marcus H.J.; Piper R.J.; Lippa L.; Servadei F.; Esene I.; Freyschlag C.; Neville I.; Rosseau G.; Schaller K.; Demetriades A.K.; Robertson F.; Alamri A.; Schache A.G.; Winter S.C.; Ho M.; Nankivell P.; Rey Biel J.; Batstone M.; Ganly I.; Wilkins A.; Singh J.K.; Thekinkattil D.; Leung E.Y.; Khan T.; Chiva L.; Sehouli J.; Fagotti A.; Cohen P.; Gutelkin M.; Ghebre R.; Konney T.; Pareja R.; Bristow R.; Dowdy S.; Shylasree T.S.; Ng J.; Fujiwara K.; Lamb B.; Narahari K.; McNeill A.; Colquhoun A.; McGrath J.S.; Bromage S.; Barod R.; Kasivisvanathan V.; Klatte T.; Abbott T.E.; Abukhalaf S.; Adamina M.; Ademuyiwa A.O.; Agarwal A.; Akkulak M.; Alderson D.; Alakaloko F.; Albertsmeier M.; Alser O.; Alshaar M.; Alshryda S.; Augestad K.M.; Bankhead-Kendall B.K.; Barlow E.; Beard D.; Blanco-Colino R.; Brar A.; Breen K.A.; Bretherton C.; Buarque I.L.; Burke J.; Chaar M.; Chakrabortee S.; Christensen P.; Cox D.; Cukier M.; Cunha M.F.; Davidson G.H.; Drake T.M.; Edwards J.G.; Emile S.; Farik S.; Fitzgerald J.E.; Garmanova T.; Grecinos G.; Gruendl M.; Halkias C.; Harrison E.M.; Hisham I.; Hutchinson P.J.; Hwang S.; Isik A.; Jonker P.; Kaafarani H.M.; Keller D.; Kruijff S.; Litvin A.; Loehrer A.; Loffler M.W.; Lorena M.A.; Modolo M.M.; Major P.; Mashbari H.N.; Metallidis S.; Mohan H.M.; Moszkowicz D.; Ng-Kamstra J.S.; Maimbo M.; Negoi I.; Niquen M.; Olivos M.; Oussama K.; Outani O.; Parreno-Sacdalanm M.D.; Rivera C.J.P.; Pinkney T.D.; van der Plas W.; Qureshi A.; Radenkovic D.; Richards T.; Rutegard M.; Segura-Sampedro J.J.; Santos I.; Sayyed R.; Schache A.; Schnitzbauer A.A.; Seyi-Olajide J.O.; Sharma N.; Shaw C.A.; Shu S.; Soreide K.; Spinelli A.; Sund M.; Tsoulfas G.; van Ramshorst G.H.; Vimalachandran D.; Warren O.J.; Wedderburn D.; Wright N.; EuroSurg; Booth L.; Runigamugabo E.; Barker M.; Barker N.; Cooke S.; Dore S.; Horwood N.; Tierney Weir C.; Dajti I.; Allemand C.; Boccalatte L.A.; Figari M.; Lamm M.; Larranaga J.; Marchitelli C.; Noll F.; Odetto D.; Perrotta M.; Saadi J.; Zamora L.; Ballester A.M.; Tapper K.E.; Zeff N.; Valenzuela J.I.; Alurralde C.; Anastasio J.; Apas Perez de Nucci A.; Caram E.L.; Eskinazi D.; Mendoza J.P.; Usandivaras M.; Badra R.; Esteban A.; Garcia J.S.; Garcia P.M.; Gerchunoff J.I.; Lucchini S.M.; NIgra M.A.; Vargas L.; Hovhannisyan T.; Stepanyan A.; Vasey C.E.; Watson E.G.R.; Ip C.; Kealey J.; Lim C.S.H.; Sengupta S.; Ward S.; Wong E.; Gould T.; Gourlay R.; Griffiths B.; Gananadha S.; McLaren M.; Cecire J.; Joshi N.; Salindera S.; Sutherland A.; Ahn J.H.; Charlton G.; Chen S.; Gauri N.; Hayhurst R.; Jang S.; Jia F.; Mulligan C.; Yang W.; Ye G.; Zhang H.; Ballal M.; Gibson D.; Hayne D.; McMillan H.; Moss J.; Pugliese M.J.; Seow Y.T.N.; Thian A.; Viswambaram P.; Vo U.G.; Bennetts J.; Bright T.; Brooke-Smith M.; Fong R.; Gricks B.; Huang L.; Lam Y.H.; Nathan A.; Ong B.S.; Ooi E.; Szpytma M.; Watson D.; Bagraith K.; Caird S.; Chan E.; Dawson C.; Ho D.; Hui N.; Izwan S.; Jeyarajan E.; Jordan S.; Liang R.; Lim A.; Nolan G.J.; Oar A.; Parker D.; Puhalla H.; Quennell A.; Rutherford L.; Sommerville C.; Townend P.; Von Papen M.; Wullschleger M.; Dawson A.C.; Drane A.; Blatt A.; Cope D.; Egoroff N.; Fenton M.; Gani J.; Lott N.; Shugg N.; Elliott M.; Phung D.; Phan D.; Townend D.; Bong C.; Gundara J.; Frankel A.; Bowman S.; Guerra G.R.; Gerns N.; McGeorge S.; Riddell A.; Roberts M.; Rukin N.; Bolt J.; Buddingh K.; Dudi-Venkata N.N.; Jog S.; Kroon H.M.; Sammour T.; Smith R.; Stranz C.; Batstone M.; Lah K.; McGahan W.; Mitchell D.; Morton A.; Pearce A.; Sheahan G.; Swinson B.; Waldron A.; Walker P.; Alam N.; Banting S.; Chong L.; Choong P.; Clatworthy S.; Foley D.; Fox A.; Hii M.W.; Knowles B.; Mack J.; Read M.; Rowcroft A.; Wright G.; Lun E.W.Y.; Lanner M.; Burtscher J.; Trivik-Barrientos F.; Konigsrainer I.; Bauer M.; Freyschlag C.; Kafka M.; Messner F.; Ofner D.; Tsibulak I.; Holawe S.; Zimmermann M.; Emmanuel K.; Grechenig M.; Gruber R.; Harald M.; Ohlberger L.; Presl J.; Wimmer A.; Namazov I.; Samadov E.; Barker D.; Boyce R.; Corbin S.; Doyle A.; Eastmond A.; Gill R.; Haynes A.; Millar S.; O'Shea M.; Padmore G.; Paquette N.; Phillips E.; St. John S.; Walkes K.; Abeloos J.; De Backer T.; De Ceulaer J.; Dick C.; Diez-Fraile A.; Lamoral P.; Spaas C.; Ceelen W.; Pattyn P.; Van de putte D.; Van Nieuwenhove Y.; Van Ramshorst G.; Willaert W.; Bazzett-Matabele L.; Chiyapo S.P.; Ramogola-Masire D.; Ramontshonyana G.; Seiphetlheng A.; Vuylsteke P.; Abdallah E.A.; Aguiar Junior S.; Baiocchi G.; Carvalho G.B.; Coimbra F.J.F.; Kowalski L.P.; Makdissi F.; Marques N.; Marques T.; Soares Dos Santos S.; Tirapelli Goncalves B.; Vartanian J.G.; Dos Reis R.; Camara P.; De Lima R.K.; Della Giustina E.; Hoffmann P.V.; Gatti A.; Nardi C.; Oliva R.; Nacif L.; Carvalho Ferro C.; Gomes Mendonca Ataide G.; Lima Buarque I.; Lira dos Santos Leite A.; Pol-Fachin L.; Santos Bezerra T.; Maylson Ramos da Silva A.; Windson de Araujo Silvestre D.; Vieira Barros A.; Campbell L.; De Cicco R.; Cecconello I.; Gregorio P.; Pontual Lima L.; Ribeiro Junior U.; Takeda F.R.; Terra R.M.; Faccini Teixeira M.; Kulcsar M.A.V.; Matos L.L.; Nunes K.S.; Laporte G.; Salem M.; Barakat Awada J.; Ijichi T.R.; Kim N.J.; Marreiro A.; Muller B.; Nunes R.; Bodanese B.; Eidt E.R.; Isoton J.C.; Lemos Vieira da Cunha M.; Regina de Sampaio L.; Vendrame C.; Zeni M.; Zortea J.A.; Zortea M.R.; Sokolov M.; Kidane B.; Srinathan S.; Munro A.; Helyer L.; McKeen D.; Boutros M.; Caminsky N.G.; Ghitulescu G.; Jamjoum G.; Moon J.; Pelletier J.; Vanounou T.; Wong S.; Cheng D.; MacNeil S.D.; Martin J.; Dumitra S.; Kouyoumdjian A.; Schmid S.; Spicer J.; Agarwal A.; Brar A.; Dada J.; Dare A.; Hameed U.; Osman F.; Johnston B.; Russell C.; Groot G.; Persad A.; Pham H.; Wood M.; Ko M.; Rajendran L.; Demyttenaere S.; Garfinkle R.; Brown C.; Karimuddin A.; Lee N.; Liu J.; Madani Kia T.; Phang P.T.; Raval M.; Tom K.; Abou-Khalil J.; Martel A.; Nessim C.; Stevenson J.; Al Riyami S.; Bali K.; Bigam D.; Dajani K.; Dell A.; Modolo M.M.; Ramirez Nieto P.; Sepulveda R.; Molero A.; Bolbaran A.; Ruiz I.; Heredia F.; Bellolio F.; Besser N.; Grasset E.; Guaman J.O.; Inzunza M.; Irarrazaval M.J.; Jarry C.; Quintana Martinic M.; Riquoir Altamirano C.; Romero Manqui C.A.; Ruiz Esquide M.; Vargas Anazco C.; Almeciga A.; Fletcher A.; Merchan A.; Quijano T.; Sanabria D.; Arias-Amezquita F.; Cetares C.; Cortes Murgueitio N.; Gomez-Mayorga J.L.; Herrera-Almario G.; Rodriguez J.; Iglesias P.; Puentes L.O.; Calvache J.A.; Orozco-Chamorro C.M.; Rojas D.A.; Sanchez-Gomez A.; Abadia M.; Acosta J.; Angel Aristizabal J.; Bonilla A.; Caicedo L.; Calderon Quiroz P.H.; Cervera Bonilla S.; Diaz S.; Facundo H.; Garcia Mora M.; Guevara O.; Guzman L.; Herrera Mora D.R.; Jimenez Ramirez L.J.; Lehmann C.; Manrique E.; Marino I.; Medina M.; Pinilla Morales R.E.; Puerto A.; Puerto Horta J.; Quintero M.; Rey Ferro M.; Saenz A.; Santana D.; Serrano W.; Suescun O.; Trujillo Sanchez L.M.; Velasquez Cuasquen B.G.; Mendoza Quevedo J.; Bacic G.; Karlovic D.; Krsul D.; Zelic M.; Luksic I.; Mamic M.; Bacic I.; Bakmaz B.; Coza I.; Dijan E.; Katusic Z.; Mihanovic J.; Morovic D.; Rakvin I.; Almezghwi H.; Arslan K.; Besim H.; Ozant A.; Ozcay N.; Frantzeskou K.; Gouvas N.; Kokkinos G.; Papatheodorou P.; Pozotou I.; Stavrinidou O.; Yiallourou A.; Martinek L.; Skrovina M.; Straka M.; Szubota I.; Peteja M.; Zatecky J.; Javurkova V.; Klat J.; Antony S.; Avlund T.; Berg K.D.; Borre M.; Christensen P.; Elkjaer M.C.; Ernst A.; Fensman S.K.; Haldrup M.; Harbjerg J.L.; Iversen L.H.; Jensen P.T.; Jeppesen T.D.; Kjaer D.W.; Kristensen H.O.; Lund N.; Maigaard Axelsen S.; Mekhael M.; Mikic N.; Ostenfeld E.B.; Ebbehoj A.L.; Krarup P.; Schlesinger N.; Smith H.; Batista S.; Crespo A.; Diaz P.J.; Rivas R.; Rodriguez-Abreu J.; Tactuk N.; El Kassas M.; Omar W.; Tawheed A.; Talaat M.; Abdelsamed A.; Azzam A.Y.; Salem H.; Seleim A.; Abdelmajeed A.; Abdou M.; Abosamak N.E.; AL Sayed M.; Ashoush F.; Atta R.; Elazzazy E.; Elnemr M.; Elsayed Hewalla M.E.; Elsherbini I.; Essam E.; Ewedah M.; Ghallab I.; Hassan E.; Ibrahim M.; Metwalli M.; Mourad M.; Qatora M.S.; Ragab M.; Sabry A.; Saifeldin H.; Samih A.; Samir Abdelaal A.; Shehata S.; Shenit K.; Attia D.; Kamal N.; Osman N.; Abbas A.M.; Abd Elazeem H.A.S.; Abd-Elkariem A.Y.; Abdelkarem M.M.; Alaa S.; Ashraf M.; Ayman A.; Azizeldine M.G.; Elkhayat H.; Emad Mashhour A.; Gaber M.; Hamza H.M.; Hawal I.; Hetta H.F.; K. Ali A.; M.elghazaly S.; Mohammed M.M.; Monib F.A.; Nageh M.A.; Saad A.; Saad M.M.; Shahine M.; Yousof E.A.; Youssef A.; El-Deeb M.; Fawzy M.; Ghaly G.; Ibraheem M.; Eldaly A.; Esmail E.; ElFiky M.; Nabil A.; Alrahawy M.; Sakr A.; Soliman H.; Soltan H.; Amira G.; Sallam I.; Sherief M.; Sherif A.; Abdelrahman A.; Aboulkassem H.; Hamdy R.; Morsi A.; Sherif G.; Abdeldayem H.; Abdelkader Salama I.; Balabel M.; Fayed Y.; Sherif A.E.; Elmorsi R.; Emile S.; Refky B.; Abd-elsalam S.; Badr H.; Elbahnasawy M.; Elzoghby M.; Essa M.; Gamal Badr S.; Ghoneim A.; Hamad O.; Hamada M.; Hammad M.; Hawila A.; Morsy M.S.; Salman S.; Sarsik S.; Bekele K.; Kauppila J.H.; Sarjanoja E.; Helminen O.; Huhta H.; Beyrne C.; Jouffret L.; Lugans L.; Marie-Macron L.; Chouillard E.; De Simone B.; Fredon F.; Roux A.; Bettoni J.; Dakpe S.; Devauchelle B.; Lavagen N.; Testelin S.; Boucher S.; Breheret R.; Gueutier A.; Kahn A.; Kun-Darbois J.; Barrabe A.; Lakkis Z.; Louvrier A.; Manfredelli S.; Mathieu P.; Chebaro A.; Drubay V.; El amrani M.; Eveno C.; Lecolle K.; Legault G.; Martin L.; Piessen G.; Pruvot F.R.; Truant S.; Zerbib P.; Ballouhey Q.; Barrat B.; Fourcade L.; Laloze J.; Salle H.; Taibi A.; Tricard J.; Usseglio J.; Bergeat D.; Merdrignac A.; Le Roy B.; Perotto L.O.; Scalabre A.; Gornes H.; Vaysse C.; Vergriete K.; Aime A.; Ezanno A.; Malgras B.; Arnaud A.P.; Fustec E.; Lavoue V.; Tesson C.; Bouche P.; Tzedakis S.; Cotte E.; Glehen O.; Lifante J.; Bendjemar L.; Braham H.; Charre L.; El Arbi N.; Morel-chevillet L.; Police A.; Villefranque V.; Volpin E.; D'Urso A.; Felli E.; Mutter D.; Pessaux P.; Seeliger B.; Barbe Y.; Bardet J.; Barret E.; Berry R.; Boddaert G.; Bonnet S.; Brian E.; Cathala N.; Cathelineau X.; Denet C.; Fuks D.; Gossot D.; Grigoroiu M.; Laforest A.; Levy-Zauberman Y.; Louis-Sylvestre C.; Macek P.; Mombet A.; Moumen A.; Pourcher G.; Rozet F.; Sanchez Salas R.; Seguin-givelet A.; Tribillon E.; Crenn V.; De Vergie S.; Duchalais E.; Espitalier F.; Ferron C.; Fragnaud H.; Malard O.; Regenet N.; Rigaud J.; Varenne Y.; Waast D.; Bork U.; Distler M.; Fritzmann J.; Kirchberg J.; Praetorius C.; Riediger C.; Weitz J.; Welsch T.; Wimberger P.; Beyer K.; Kamphues C.; Lauscher J.; Loch F.N.; Schineis C.; Albertsmeier M.; Angele M.; Kappenberger A.; Niess H.; Schiergens T.; Werner J.; Becker R.; Jonescheit J.; Doerner J.; Seiberth R.; Pergolini I.; Reim D.; Herzberg J.; Honarpisheh H.; Strate T.; Boeker C.; Hakami I.; Mall J.; Liokatis P.; Smolka W.; Vassos N.; Nowak K.; Reinhard T.; Holzle F.; Modabber A.; Winnand P.; Anthuber M.; Shiban E.; Sommer B.; Sommer F.; Wolf S.; Howaldt H.; Knitschke M.; Kauffmann P.; Wolfer S.; Kleeff J.; Lorenz K.; Michalski C.; Ronellenfitsch U.; Schneider R.; Bertolani E.; Konigsrainer A.; Loffler M.W.; Quante M.; Steidle C.; Uberruck L.; Yurttas C.; Betz C.S.; Bewarder J.; Bottcher A.; Burg S.; Busch C.; Dreimann M.; Frosch K.H.; Gosau M.; Heuer A.; Izbicki J.; Klatte T.O.; Koenig D.; Moeckelmann N.; Nitschke C.; Perez D.; Priemel M.; Reiter A.; Smeets R.; Speth U.; Stangenberg M.; Thole S.; Uzunoglu F.G.; Viezens L.; Vollkommer T.; Zeller N.; Battista M.J.; Gillen K.; Hasenburg A.; Krajnak S.; Linz V.C.; Schwab R.; Amo-Antwi K.; Appiah-kubi A.; Konney T.; Tawiah A.; Boatey S.; Issaka A.; Korsah M.A.; Sheriff M.; Angelou K.; Haidopoulos D.; Rodolakis A.; Antonakis P.; Bramis K.; Chardalias L.; Contis I.; Dafnios N.; Dellaportas D.; Fragulidis G.; Gklavas A.; Konstadoulakis M.; Memos N.; Papaconstantinou I.; Polydorou A.; Theodosopoulos T.; Vezakis A.; Antonopoulou M.I.; Manatakis D.K.; Tasis N.; Arkadopoulos N.; Danias N.; Economopoulou P.; Frountzas M.; Kokoropoulos P.; Larentzakis A.; Michalopoulos N.; Nastos C.; Parasyris S.; Pikoulis E.; Selmani J.; Sidiropoulos T.; Vassiliu P.; Bouchagier K.; Klimopoulos S.; Paspaliari D.; Stylianidis G.; Akrivou D.; Baxevanidou K.; Bouliaris K.; Chatzikomnitsa P.; Delinasios G.; Doudakmanis C.; Efthimiou M.; Giaglaras A.; Kalfountzos C.; Kolla C.; Koukoulis G.; Zervas K.; Zourntou S.; Baloyiannis I.; Diamantis A.; Gkrinia E.; Hajiioannou J.; Korais C.; Koukoura O.; Perivoliotis K.; Saratziotis A.; Skoulakis C.; Symeonidis D.; Tepetes K.; Tzovaras G.; Zacharoulis D.; Alexoudi V.; Antoniades K.; Astreidis I.; Christidis P.; Deligiannidis D.; Grivas T.; Ioannidis O.; Kalaitsidou I.; Loutzidou L.; Mantevas A.; Michailidou D.; Nikolaidou E.; Papadopoulou S.; Paraskevopoulos K.; Politis S.; Stavroglou A.; Tatsis D.; Tilaveridis I.; Vahtsevanos K.; Venetis G.; Karaitianos I.; Tsirlis T.; Dinas K.; Margioula-Siarkou C.; Petousis S.; Baili E.; Charalabopoulos A.; Liakakos T.; Schizas D.; Spartalis E.; Syllaios A.; Zografos C.; Anthoulakis C.; Christou C.D.; Papadopoulos V.; Tooulias A.; Tsolakidis D.; Tsoulfas G.; Zouzoulas D.; Athanasakis E.; Chrysos E.; Tsiaoussis I.; Xenaki S.; Xynos E.; Barrios Duarte A.; Lopez Muralles I.; Lowey M.J.; Portilla A.L.; Recinos G.; Chan J.Y.K.; Chan S.M.; Chong C.C.N.; Futaba K.; Ho M.F.; Hon S.F.; Lau R.W.H.; Mak T.W.C.; Ng C.F.; Ng C.S.H.; Ng K.K.C.; Ng S.S.M.; Teoh A.Y.B.; Teoh J.Y.; Foo C.C.; Banky B.; Susztak N.; Misra S.; Pareek P.; Vishnoi J.R.; Ambre S.; Balasubiramaniyan V.; Chappity P.; Chaudhary I.; Colney L.; Das M.K.; Imaduddin M.; Jain A.; Jena S.K.; Kar M.; Mandal S.; Mishra A.; Mishra S.S.; Mishra T.S.; Mitra J.K.; Mittal Y.; Muduly D.K.; Nayak P.; Parida P.K.; Pradhan P.; Rajan D.K.; Rebba E.; Samal D.K.; Singh A.; Sultania M.; Agarwal S.P.; Agrawal A.; Arora R.K.; Chaturvedi J.; Garg P.K.; Gaurav A.; Gupta A.; Kottayasamy Seenivasagam R.; Maharaj D.D.; Majumdar K.S.; Mishra N.; Mittal A.; Narain T.A.; Nirjhar R.; Poonia D.R.; Sadhasivam S.; Singh M.P.; Tiwari A.R.; Akula A.K.; Bandegudda S.K.; Bindlish R.P.; Chaitanya A.; Chandrasekhara Rao L.M.; Dalakoti P.; Dasu S.; Giridhar A.; Gorijavolu N.B.; Iyer R.R.; Jayakarthik Y.; Jonathan G.T.; Kalla M.B.; Kheni Y.; Kumar C.S.; Murtuza S.A.; Naidu C.C.K.; Nalukurthi R.K.; Nemade H.O.; Nusrath S.; Patnaik S.C.; Raju K.V.V.N.; Ramalingam P.R.; Rao K.V.; Rayani B.K.; Reddy Kallam S.M.; Reddy S.R.R.; Saksena A.R.; Sebastian J.A.; Sharma R.M.; Thammineedi S.R.; Krishnamurthy A.; Madhupriya S.; Raja A.; Ramakrishnan A.S.; Dutt U.K.; Ghosh D.N.; Grewal S.; Hans P.; Haque P.D.; Jain R.; Kingsley P.A.; Mahajan A.; Mandrelle K.; Michael V.; Mukherjee P.; Varghese A.; Varghese S.S.; Veetil S.K.; Gaikwad P.; George A.J.; James S.M.; Jesudason M.R.; Mittal R.; Moorthy M.; Riju J.; Sebastian A.; Sen S.; Singh S.; Sreekar D.; Thomas V.; Titus D.K.; Yezzaji H.S.; Aggarwal M.; Dhamija P.; Kumar A.; Chisthi M.M.; Gejoe G.; Gopakumar D.; Kollengode V.V.; Kuttanchettiyar K.G.; Yadev I.; Balasubramanian A.; Chaturvedula L.; Dharanipragada K.; Kalayarasan R.; Manikandan R.; Penumadu P.; Lakshminarayana B.; Mathew S.; Reddihalli P.V.; Shivdas S.; Akhtar N.; Chaturvedi A.; Gupta S.; Kumar V.; Rajan S.; Agrawal N.; Ahluwalia P.; Arora A.; Batra-Modi K.; Biswas M.; Chaturvedi H.; Gautam G.; Jain M.; Jain S.; Kumar S.; Nayyar R.; Tiwari A.; Bhushan Rangappa V.; Kadapathri A.; Kolur T.; Pethkar R.; Pillai V.; Popli G.; Sharma J.; Shetty V.; Subramaniam N.; Williams J.; Agarwal P.; Agarwal V.; Baghel A.; Sharma D.B.; Silodia A.; Singh K.N.; Yadav S.K.; Aziz G.; Chowdri N.; Mehraj A.; Parray F.Q.; Shah Z.A.; Wani R.A.; Ahmed Z.; Bali R.S.; Bhat M.A.; Laharwal A.R.; Mahmood M.; Mir I.S.; Muzamil J.; Najar F.A.; Rashid A.; Rather M.H.; Zaieem M.; Aggarwal G.; Agrawal V.; Ahmed A.; Ahmed R.; Bhaumik J.; Ghosh A.; Jain D.; Jain P.V.; Kewlani V.; Pipara A.; Shakya S.; Sharma A.; Thambudorai R.; Badwe R.A.; Bakshi G.; Chandankhede U.; Chaudhari V.; Chaukar D.; Chitkara G.; Dash B.; Deshmukh A.; deSoouza A.; Gulia A.; Maheshwari A.; Moiyadi A.; Nair D.; Nair N.S.; Niyogi D.; Pal M.; Pandey D.; Patkar S.; Poddar P.; Pramesh C.S.; Puri A.; Saklani A.; Shetty P.; Shrikhande S.V.; Singh V.; Thiagarajan S.; Islam A.A.; Kembuan G.; Pajan H.; Rahim F.; Brouki Milan P.; Mozafari M.; Rezaei Tavirani M.; Tizmaghz A.; Safari H.; Aremu M.; Canas-Martinez A.; Cullivan O.; Murphy C.; Owens P.; Pickett L.; Akmenkalne L.; Byrne J.; Corrigan M.; Cullinane C.; Daly A.; Fleming C.; Jordan P.; Kayyal M.Y.; Killeen S.; Lynch N.; McCarthy A.; Mustafa H.; O'Brien S.; O'Leary P.; Syed W.A.S.; Vernon L.; O'Duffy F.; McHugh A.; Moran T.; Callanan D.; Dias A.; Ionescu A.; Sheahan P.; Balasubramanian I.; Boland M.; Carrington E.; Conlon K.; Evoy D.; Fagan J.; Fearon N.; Gallagher T.; Geary E.; Geraghty J.; Hanly A.; Heneghan H.; Kennedy N.; Kennelly R.; Maguire D.; Martin S.T.; McCartan D.; McDermott E.W.; McPartland D.; Ng K.C.; Prichard R.S.; Stafford T.; Winter D.; Alazawi D.; Barry C.; Boyle T.; Butt W.; Connolly E.; Donlon N.; Donohue C.; Fahey B.A.; Farrell R.; Fitzgerald C.; Kinsella J.; Larkin J.; Lennon P.; Maguire P.J.; Mccormick P.; Mehigan B.J.; Mohan H.; Nugent T.S.; O'Sullivan H.; Ravi N.; Reynolds J.V.; Rogers A.; Shokuhi P.; Smith J.; Smith L.A.; Timon C.; Bashir Y.; Bass G.; Connelly T.; Creavin B.; Earley H.; Elliott J.A.; Gillis A.; Kavanagh D.; Madden A.; Manecksha R.P.; Neary P.; O'Connell C.; O'riordan J.; Reynolds I.S.; Rice D.; Ridgway P.; Thomas A.; Umair M.; Whelan M.; Carroll P.; Collins C.; Corless K.; Finnegan L.; Fowler A.L.; Hogan A.; Kerin M.; Lowery A.; McAnena P.; McKevitt K.; Nugent E.; Ryan E.; Coffey J.C.; Cunningham R.M.; Devine M.; Nally D.M.; Peirce C.; Tormey S.; Hardy N.; O'Malley S.; Ryan M.; Gaziants V.; Gold-Deutch R.; Lavy R.; Kalmovich-Muallem L.; Zmora O.; Macina S.; Mariani N.M.; Opocher E.; Pisani Ceretti A.; Ferrari F.; Odicino F.; Sartori E.; Cotsoglou C.; Granieri S.; Bianco F.; Camillo' A.; Colledan M.; Tornese S.; Zambelli M.F.; Bissolotti G.; Fusetti S.; Lemma F.; Marino M.; Marino M.V.; Mirabella A.; Vaccarella G.; Sena G.; Agostini C.; Alemanno G.; Bartolini I.; Bergamini C.; Bruscino A.; Checcucci C.; De Vincenti R.; Di Bella A.; Fambrini M.; Fortuna L.; Maltinti G.; Muiesan P.; Petraglia F.; Prosperi P.; Ringressi M.N.; Risaliti M.; Sorbi F.; Taddei A.; Tucci R.; Bassi C.; Bortolasi L.; Campagnaro T.; Casetti L.; Conci S.; De Pastena M.; Esposito A.; Fontana M.; Guglielmi A.; Landoni L.; Malleo G.; Marchegiani G.; Nobile S.; Paiella S.; Pedrazzani C.; Rattizzato S.; Ruzzenente A.; Salvia R.; Turri G.; Tuveri M.; Altomare D.F.; Papagni V.; Picciariello A.; Bellora P.; D'Aloisio G.; Ferrari M.; Francone E.; Gentilli S.; Nikaj H.; Andreani L.; Bianchini M.; Capanna R.; Caretto M.; Chiarugi M.; Coccolini F.; Cremonini C.; Di Franco G.; Domenici L.; Furbetta N.; Gadducci A.; Garibaldi S.; Gianardi D.; Giannini A.; Guadagni S.; Morelli L.; Musetti S.; Palmeri M.; Perutelli A.; Simoncini T.; Tartaglia D.; Anania G.; Carcoforo P.; Chiozza M.; De Troia A.; Koleva Radica M.; Portinari M.; Sibilla M.G.; Urbani A.; Fabbri N.; Feo C.V.; Gennari S.; Parini S.; Righini E.; Ampollini L.; Arcuri M.F.; Bellanti L.; Bergonzani M.; Bertoli G.; Bocchialini G.; Cattelani L.; D'Angelo G.; Gussago F.; Lanfranco D.; Manigrasso E.; Musini L.; Poli T.; Polotto S.; Santoro G.P.; Varazzani A.; Aguzzoli L.; Annessi V.; Borgonovo G.; Castro Ruiz C.; Coiro S.; Falco G.; Mandato V.D.; Mastrofilippo V.; Montella M.T.; Zizzo M.; Grossi U.; Novello S.; Romano M.; Rossi S.; Zanus G.; Esposito G.; Frongia F.; Pisanu A.; Podda M.; Belluco C.; Lauretta A.; Montori G.; Moras L.; Olivieri M.; Bussu F.; Carta A.G.; Cossu M.L.; Cottu P.; Fancellu A.; Feo C.F.; Ginesu G.C.; Giuliani G.; Madonia M.; Perra T.; Piras A.; Porcu A.; Rizzo D.; Scanu A.M.; Tedde A.; Tedde M.; Aversano A.; Carbone F.; Delrio P.; Di Lauro K.; Fares Bucci A.; Rega D.; Spiezio G.; Pirozzolo G.; Recordare A.; Vignotto C.; Badalamenti G.; Campisi G.; Cordova A.; Franza M.; Maniaci G.; Rinaldi G.; Toia F.; Calabro M.; Farnesi F.; Lunghi E.G.; Muratore A.; Pipitone Federico N.S.; D'Andrea G.; Familiari P.; Picotti V.; De Palma G.; Luglio G.; Pagano G.; Tropeano

Hemodynamic and inotropic effects of endothelin-1 in vivo

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is known to have strong vasoactive properties. Contradictory results have been reported with regard to its inotropic effects. This study examined the dose-dependent (500, 1000, 2500, 5000 and 10,000 ng ET-1/kg vs. NaCl controls) hemodynamic and inotropic effects of ET-1 in 53 open-chest rats during and after a 7-min infusion. Besides measurements in the intact circulation the myocardial function was examined by isovolumic registrations independent of peripheral vascular effects. A transient ET-1 induced (500, 1000, 2500, 5000 ng ET-1/kg) decrease of the left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and the mean aortic pressure (AoPmean) was followed by a dose-related rise of these pressures (LVSP: -1%, -1%, +8%, +16% vs. preinfusion values; AoPmean: -11%, +9%, +39%, +52%). Heart rate (HR) was not influenced by ET-1. Due to the dose-dependent decrease of the stroke volume (SV) the cardiac output (CO) was reduced (CO: -8%, -23%, -40%, -50%). After an initial vasodilatation ET-1 elevates the total peripheral resistance (TPR: -1%, +49%, +139%, +215%) dose-dependently. 10,000 ng ET-1/kg was a lethal dose resulting in cardiac failure within minutes (low output). Since the maximum of the isovolumic LVSP (peak LVSP) and the corresponding dP/dtmax (peak dP/dtmax) were unchanged under ET-1, the isovolumic measurements do not indicate a positive inotropic effect of ET-1 in vivo in contrast to published results of in vitro experiments. It may be possible that a direct positive inotropic effect of ET-1 observed in in vitro studies is counterbalanced in vivo by an indirect negative inotropic effect due to the coronary-constrictive effect of ET-1

Thermal stability and aggregation of sulfolobus solfataricus b-glycosidase are dependent upon the N-e-methylation of specific lysyl residues: critical role of in vivo post-translational modifications.

Methylation in vivo is a post-translational modification observed in several organisms belonging to eucarya, bacteria, and archaea. Although important implications of this modification have been demonstrated in several eucaryotes, its biological role in hyperthermophilic archaea is far from being understood. The aim of this work is to clarify some effects of methylation on the properties of β-glycosidase from Sulfolobus solfataricus, by a structural comparison between the native, methylated protein and its unmethylated counterpart, recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli. Analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated similar secondary structure contents for the two forms of the protein. However, the study of temperature perturbation by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and turbidimetry evidenced denaturation and aggregation events more pronounced in recombinant than in native β-glycosidase. Red Nile fluorescence analysis revealed significant differences of surface hydrophobicity between the two forms of the protein. Unlike the native enzyme, which dissociated into SDS-resistant dimers upon exposure to the detergent, the recombinant enzyme partially dissociated into monomers. By electrospray mapping, the methylation sites of the native protein were identified. A computational analysis of β-glycosidase three-dimensional structure and comparisons with other proteins from S. solfataricus revealed analogies in the localization of methylation sites in terms of secondary structural elements and overall topology. These observations suggest a role for the methylation of lysyl residues, located in selected domains, in the thermal stabilization of β-glycosidase from S. solfataricu

Revision and Update of the Consensus Definitions of Invasive Fungal Disease From the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium.

BACKGROUND: Invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) remain important causes of morbidity and mortality. The consensus definitions of the Infectious Diseases Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group have been of immense value to researchers who conduct clinical trials of antifungals, assess diagnostic tests, and undertake epidemiologic studies. However, their utility has not extended beyond patients with cancer or recipients of stem cell or solid organ transplants. With newer diagnostic techniques available, it was clear that an update of these definitions was essential. METHODS: To achieve this, 10 working groups looked closely at imaging, laboratory diagnosis, and special populations at risk of IFD. A final version of the manuscript was agreed upon after the groups' findings were presented at a scientific symposium and after a 3-month period for public comment. There were several rounds of discussion before a final version of the manuscript was approved. RESULTS: There is no change in the classifications of "proven," "probable," and "possible" IFD, although the definition of "probable" has been expanded and the scope of the category "possible" has been diminished. The category of proven IFD can apply to any patient, regardless of whether the patient is immunocompromised. The probable and possible categories are proposed for immunocompromised patients only, except for endemic mycoses. CONCLUSIONS: These updated definitions of IFDs should prove applicable in clinical, diagnostic, and epidemiologic research of a broader range of patients at high-risk

Renal pericytes: regulators of medullary blood flow

Regulation of medullary blood flow (MBF) is essential in maintaining normal kidney function. Blood flow to the medulla is supplied by the descending vasa recta (DVR), which arise from the efferent arterioles of juxtamedullary glomeruli. DVR are composed of a continuous endothelium, intercalated with smooth muscle-like cells called pericytes. Pericytes have been shown to alter the diameter of isolated and in situ DVR in response to vasoactive stimuli that are transmitted via a network of autocrine and paracrine signalling pathways. Vasoactive stimuli can be released by neighbouring tubular epithelial, endothelial, red blood cells and neuronal cells in response to changes in NaCl transport and oxygen tension. The experimentally described sensitivity of pericytes to these stimuli strongly suggests their leading role in the phenomenon of MBF autoregulation. Because the debate on autoregulation of MBF fervently continues, we discuss the evidence favouring a physiological role for pericytes in the regulation of MBF and describe their potential role in tubulo-vascular cross-talk in this region of the kidney. Our review also considers current methods used to explore pericyte activity and function in the renal medulla

Rural Land-Use Trends in the Conterminous United States, 1950-2000.

In order to understand the magnitude, direction, and geographic distribution of land-use changes, we evaluated land-use trends in U.S. counties during the latter half of the 20th century. Our paper synthesizes the dominant spatial and temporal trends in population, agriculture, and urbanized land uses, using a variety of data sources and an ecoregion classification as a frame of reference. A combination of increasing attractiveness of nonmetropolitan areas in the period 1970–2000, decreasing household size, and decreasing density of settlement has resulted in important trends in the patterns of developed land. By 2000, the area of low-density, exurban development beyond the urban fringe occupied nearly 15 times the area of higher density urbanized development. Efficiency gains, mechanization, and agglomeration of agricultural concerns has resulted in data that show cropland area to be stable throughout the Corn Belt and parts of the West between 1950 and 2000, but decreasing by about 22% east of the Mississippi River. We use a regional case study of the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions to focus in more detail on the land-cover changes resulting from these dynamics. Dominating were land-cover changes associated with the timber practices in the forested plains ecoregions and urbanization in the piedmont ecoregions. Appalachian ecoregions show the slowest rates of landcover change. The dominant trends of tremendous exurban growth, throughout the United States, and conversion and abandonment of agricultural lands, especially in the eastern United States, have important implications because they affect large areas of the country, the functioning of ecological systems, and the potential for restoratio

Effect of COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns on planned cancer surgery for 15 tumour types in 61 countries: an international, prospective, cohort study

5050siopenBackground: Surgery is the main modality of cure for solid cancers and was prioritised to continue during COVID-19 outbreaks. This study aimed to identify immediate areas for system strengthening by comparing the delivery of elective cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in periods of lockdown versus light restriction. Methods: This international, prospective, cohort study enrolled 20 006 adult (≥18 years) patients from 466 hospitals in 61 countries with 15 cancer types, who had a decision for curative surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic and were followed up until the point of surgery or cessation of follow-up (Aug 31, 2020). Average national Oxford COVID-19 Stringency Index scores were calculated to define the government response to COVID-19 for each patient for the period they awaited surgery, and classified into light restrictions (index <20), moderate lockdowns (20–60), and full lockdowns (>60). The primary outcome was the non-operation rate (defined as the proportion of patients who did not undergo planned surgery). Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to explore the associations between lockdowns and non-operation. Intervals from diagnosis to surgery were compared across COVID-19 government response index groups. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04384926. Findings: Of eligible patients awaiting surgery, 2003 (10·0%) of 20 006 did not receive surgery after a median follow-up of 23 weeks (IQR 16–30), all of whom had a COVID-19-related reason given for non-operation. Light restrictions were associated with a 0·6% non-operation rate (26 of 4521), moderate lockdowns with a 5·5% rate (201 of 3646; adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·81, 95% CI 0·77–0·84; p<0·0001), and full lockdowns with a 15·0% rate (1775 of 11 827; HR 0·51, 0·50–0·53; p<0·0001). In sensitivity analyses, including adjustment for SARS-CoV-2 case notification rates, moderate lockdowns (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·80–0·88; p<0·001), and full lockdowns (0·57, 0·54–0·60; p<0·001), remained independently associated with non-operation. Surgery beyond 12 weeks from diagnosis in patients without neoadjuvant therapy increased during lockdowns (374 [9·1%] of 4521 in light restrictions, 317 [10·4%] of 3646 in moderate lockdowns, 2001 [23·8%] of 11 827 in full lockdowns), although there were no differences in resectability rates observed with longer delays. Interpretation: Cancer surgery systems worldwide were fragile to lockdowns, with one in seven patients who were in regions with full lockdowns not undergoing planned surgery and experiencing longer preoperative delays. Although short-term oncological outcomes were not compromised in those selected for surgery, delays and non-operations might lead to long-term reductions in survival. During current and future periods of societal restriction, the resilience of elective surgery systems requires strengthening, which might include protected elective surgical pathways and long-term investment in surge capacity for acute care during public health emergencies to protect elective staff and services. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit, Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, Medtronic, Sarcoma UK, The Urology Foundation, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research.openGlasbey J.; Ademuyiwa A.; Adisa A.; Alameer E.; Arnaud A.P.; Ayasra F.; Azevedo J.; Minaya-Bravo A.; Costas-Chavarri A.; Edwards J.; Elhadi M.; Fiore M.; Fotopoulou C.; Gallo G.; Ghosh D.; Griffiths E.A.; Harrison E.; Hutchinson P.; Lawani I.; Lawday S.; Lederhuber H.; Leventoglu S.; Li E.; Gomes G.M.A.; Mann H.; Marson E.J.; Martin J.; Mazingi D.; McLean K.; Modolo M.; Moore R.; Morton D.; Ntirenganya F.; Pata F.; Picciochi M.; Pockney P.; Ramos-De la Medina A.; Roberts K.; Roslani A.C.; Kottayasamy Seenivasagam R.; Shaw R.; Simoes J.F.F.; Smart N.; Stewart G.D.; Sullivan R.; Sundar S.; Tabiri S.; Taylor E.H.; Vidya R.; Nepogodiev D.; Bhangu A.; Glasbey J.C.; Bhangu A.A.; Siaw-Acheampong K.; Benson R.A.; Bywater E.; Chaudhry D.; Dawson B.E.; Evans J.P.; Gujjuri R.R.; Heritage E.; Jones C.S.; Kamarajah S.K.; Khatri C.; Khaw R.A.; Keatley J.M.; Knight A.; Mann H.S.; McLean K.A.; Mckay S.C.; Mills E.C.; Pellino G.; Tiwari A.; Simoes J.F.; Trout I.M.; Venn M.L.; Wilkin R.J.; Smart N.J.; Moug S.; Di Saverio S.; Vallance A.; Vimalchandran D.; Evans R.P.; Townend P.; McKay S.; Isaac J.; Satoi S.; Coonar A.S.; Marchbank A.; Caruana E.J.; Layton G.R.; Patel A.; Brunelli A.; Ford S.; Desai A.; Gronchi A.; Almond M.; Tirotta F.; Dumitra S.; Kolias A.; Price S.J.; Fountain D.M.; Jenkinson M.D.; Marcus H.J.; Piper R.J.; Lippa L.; Servadei F.; Esene I.; Freyschlag C.; Neville I.; Rosseau G.; Schaller K.; Demetriades A.K.; Robertson F.; Alamri A.; Schache A.G.; Winter S.C.; Ho M.; Nankivell P.; Rey Biel J.; Batstone M.; Ganly I.; Wilkins A.; Singh J.K.; Thekinkattil D.; Leung E.Y.; Khan T.; Chiva L.; Sehouli J.; Fagotti A.; Cohen P.; Gutelkin M.; Ghebre R.; Konney T.; Pareja R.; Bristow R.; Dowdy S.; Shylasree T.S.; Ng J.; Fujiwara K.; Lamb B.; Narahari K.; McNeill A.; Colquhoun A.; McGrath J.S.; Bromage S.; Barod R.; Kasivisvanathan V.; Klatte T.; Abbott T.E.; Abukhalaf S.; Adamina M.; Ademuyiwa A.O.; Agarwal A.; Akkulak M.; Alderson D.; Alakaloko F.; Albertsmeier M.; Alser O.; Alshaar M.; Alshryda S.; Augestad K.M.; Bankhead-Kendall B.K.; Barlow E.; Beard D.; Blanco-Colino R.; Brar A.; Breen K.A.; Bretherton C.; Buarque I.L.; Burke J.; Chaar M.; Chakrabortee S.; Christensen P.; Cox D.; Cukier M.; Cunha M.F.; Davidson G.H.; Drake T.M.; Edwards J.G.; Emile S.; Farik S.; Fitzgerald J.E.; Garmanova T.; Grecinos G.; Gruendl M.; Halkias C.; Harrison E.M.; Hisham I.; Hutchinson P.J.; Hwang S.; Isik A.; Jonker P.; Kaafarani H.M.; Keller D.; Kruijff S.; Litvin A.; Loehrer A.; Loffler M.W.; Lorena M.A.; Modolo M.M.; Major P.; Mashbari H.N.; Metallidis S.; Mohan H.M.; Moszkowicz D.; Ng-Kamstra J.S.; Maimbo M.; Negoi I.; Niquen M.; Olivos M.; Oussama K.; Outani O.; Parreno-Sacdalanm M.D.; Rivera C.J.P.; Pinkney T.D.; van der Plas W.; Qureshi A.; Radenkovic D.; Richards T.; Roslani A.C.; Rutegard M.; Segura-Sampedro J.J.; Santos I.; Sayyed R.; Schache A.; Schnitzbauer A.A.; Seyi-Olajide J.O.; Sharma N.; Shaw C.A.; Shu S.; Soreide K.; Spinelli A.; Sund M.; Tsoulfas G.; van Ramshorst G.H.; Vimalachandran D.; Warren O.J.; Wedderburn D.; Wright N.; EuroSurg; Booth L.; Runigamugabo E.; Barker M.; Barker N.; Cooke S.; Dore S.; Horwood N.; Tierney Weir C.; Dajti I.; Allemand C.; Boccalatte L.A.; Figari M.; Lamm M.; Larranaga J.; Marchitelli C.; Noll F.; Odetto D.; Perrotta M.; Saadi J.; Zamora L.; Ballester A.M.; Tapper K.E.; Zeff N.; Valenzuela J.I.; Alurralde C.; Anastasio J.; Apas Perez de Nucci A.; Caram E.L.; Eskinazi D.; Mendoza J.P.; Usandivaras M.; Badra R.; Esteban A.; Garcia J.S.; Garcia P.M.; Gerchunoff J.I.; Lucchini S.M.; NIgra M.A.; Vargas L.; Hovhannisyan T.; Stepanyan A.; Vasey C.E.; Watson E.G.R.; Ip C.; Kealey J.; Lim C.S.H.; Sengupta S.; Ward S.; Wong E.; Gould T.; Gourlay R.; Griffiths B.; Gananadha S.; McLaren M.; Cecire J.; Joshi N.; Salindera S.; Sutherland A.; Ahn J.H.; Charlton G.; Chen S.; Gauri N.; Hayhurst R.; Jang S.; Jia F.; Mulligan C.; Yang W.; Ye G.; Zhang H.; Ballal M.; Gibson D.; Hayne D.; McMillan H.; Moss J.; Pugliese M.J.; Richards T.; Seow Y.T.N.; Thian A.; Viswambaram P.; Vo U.G.; Bennetts J.; Bright T.; Brooke-Smith M.; Fong R.; Gricks B.; Huang L.; Lam Y.H.; Nathan A.; Ong B.S.; Ooi E.; Szpytma M.; Watson D.; Bagraith K.; Caird S.; Chan E.; Dawson C.; Ho D.; Hui N.; Izwan S.; Jeyarajan E.; Jordan S.; Liang R.; Lim A.; Nolan G.J.; Oar A.; Parker D.; Puhalla H.; Quennell A.; Rutherford L.; Sommerville C.; Townend P.; Von Papen M.; Wullschleger M.; Dawson A.C.; Drane A.; Blatt A.; Cope D.; Egoroff N.; Fenton M.; Gani J.; Lott N.; Pockney P.; Shugg N.; Elliott M.; Phung D.; Phan D.; Townend D.; Bong C.; Gundara J.; Frankel A.; Bowman S.; Guerra G.R.; Gerns N.; McGeorge S.; Riddell A.; Roberts M.; Rukin N.; Bolt J.; Buddingh K.; Dudi-Venkata N.N.; Jog S.; Kroon H.M.; Sammour T.; Smith R.; Stranz C.; Batstone M.; Lah K.; McGahan W.; Mitchell D.; Morton A.; Pearce A.; Sheahan G.; Swinson B.; Waldron A.; Walker P.; Alam N.; Banting S.; Chong L.; Choong P.; Clatworthy S.; Foley D.; Fox A.; Hii M.W.; Knowles B.; Mack J.; Read M.; Rowcroft A.; Wright G.; Lun E.W.Y.; Lanner M.; Burtscher J.; Trivik-Barrientos F.; Konigsrainer I.; Bauer M.; Freyschlag C.; Kafka M.; Messner F.; Ofner D.; Tsibulak I.; Holawe S.; Zimmermann M.; Emmanuel K.; Grechenig M.; Gruber R.; Harald M.; Ohlberger L.; Presl J.; Wimmer A.; Namazov I.; Samadov E.; Barker D.; Boyce R.; Corbin S.; Doyle A.; Eastmond A.; Gill R.; Haynes A.; Millar S.; O'Shea M.; Padmore G.; Paquette N.; Phillips E.; St. John S.; Walkes K.; Abeloos J.; De Backer T.; De Ceulaer J.; Dick C.; Diez-Fraile A.; Lamoral P.; Spaas C.; Ceelen W.; Pattyn P.; Van de putte D.; Van Nieuwenhove Y.; Van Ramshorst G.; Willaert W.; Bazzett-Matabele L.; Chiyapo S.P.; Ramogola-Masire D.; Ramontshonyana G.; Seiphetlheng A.; Vuylsteke P.; Abdallah E.A.; Aguiar Junior S.; Baiocchi G.; Carvalho G.B.; Coimbra F.J.F.; Kowalski L.P.; Makdissi F.; Marques N.; Marques T.; Soares Dos Santos S.; Tirapelli Goncalves B.; Vartanian J.G.; Dos Reis R.; Camara P.; De Lima R.K.; Della Giustina E.; Hoffmann P.V.; Gatti A.; Nardi C.; Oliva R.; Nacif L.; Carvalho Ferro C.; Gomes Mendonca Ataide G.; Lima Buarque I.; Lira dos Santos Leite A.; Pol-Fachin L.; Santos Bezerra T.; Maylson Ramos da Silva A.; Windson de Araujo Silvestre D.; Vieira Barros A.; Campbell L.; De Cicco R.; Cecconello I.; Gregorio P.; Pontual Lima L.; Ribeiro Junior U.; Takeda F.R.; Terra R.M.; Faccini Teixeira M.; Kulcsar M.A.V.; Matos L.L.; Nunes K.S.; Laporte G.; Salem M.; Barakat Awada J.; Ijichi T.R.; Kim N.J.; Marreiro A.; Muller B.; Nunes R.; Bodanese B.; Eidt E.R.; Isoton J.C.; Lemos Vieira da Cunha M.; Regina de Sampaio L.; Vendrame C.; Zeni M.; Zortea J.A.; Zortea M.R.; Sokolov M.; Kidane B.; Srinathan S.; Munro A.; Helyer L.; McKeen D.; Boutros M.; Caminsky N.G.; Ghitulescu G.; Jamjoum G.; Moon J.; Pelletier J.; Vanounou T.; Wong S.; Cheng D.; MacNeil S.D.; Martin J.; Dumitra S.; Kouyoumdjian A.; Schmid S.; Spicer J.; Agarwal A.; Brar A.; Dada J.; Dare A.; Hameed U.; Osman F.; Johnston B.; Russell C.; Groot G.; Persad A.; Pham H.; Wood M.; Ko M.; Rajendran L.; Demyttenaere S.; Garfinkle R.; Brown C.; Karimuddin A.; Lee N.; Liu J.; Madani Kia T.; Phang P.T.; Raval M.; Tom K.; Abou-Khalil J.; Martel A.; Nessim C.; Stevenson J.; Al Riyami S.; Bali K.; Bigam D.; Dajani K.; Dell A.; Modolo M.M.; Ramirez Nieto P.; Sepulveda R.; Molero A.; Bolbaran A.; Ruiz I.; Heredia F.; Bellolio F.; Besser N.; Grasset E.; Guaman J.O.; Inzunza M.; Irarrazaval M.J.; Jarry C.; Quintana Martinic M.; Riquoir Altamirano C.; Romero Manqui C.A.; Ruiz Esquide M.; Vargas Anazco C.; Almeciga A.; Fletcher A.; Merchan A.; Quijano T.; Sanabria D.; Arias-Amezquita F.; Cetares C.; Cortes Murgueitio N.; Gomez-Mayorga J.L.; Herrera-Almario G.; Rodriguez J.; Iglesias P.; Puentes L.O.; Calvache J.A.; Orozco-Chamorro C.M.; Rojas D.A.; Sanchez-Gomez A.; Abadia M.; Acosta J.; Angel Aristizabal J.; Bonilla A.; Caicedo L.; Calderon Quiroz P.H.; Cervera Bonilla S.; Diaz S.; Facundo H.; Garcia Mora M.; Guevara O.; Guzman L.; Herrera Mora D.R.; Jimenez Ramirez L.J.; Lehmann C.; Manrique E.; Marino I.; Medina M.; Pinilla Morales R.E.; Puerto A.; Puerto Horta J.; Quintero M.; Rey Ferro M.; Saenz A.; Santana D.; Serrano W.; Suescun O.; Trujillo Sanchez L.M.; Velasquez Cuasquen B.G.; Mendoza Quevedo J.; Bacic G.; Karlovic D.; Krsul D.; Zelic M.; Luksic I.; Mamic M.; Bacic I.; Bakmaz B.; Coza I.; Dijan E.; Katusic Z.; Mihanovic J.; Morovic D.; Rakvin I.; Almezghwi H.; Arslan K.; Besim H.; Ozant A.; Ozcay N.; Frantzeskou K.; Gouvas N.; Kokkinos G.; Papatheodorou P.; Pozotou I.; Stavrinidou O.; Yiallourou A.; Martinek L.; Skrovina M.; Straka M.; Szubota I.; Peteja M.; Zatecky J.; Javurkova V.; Klat J.; Antony S.; Avlund T.; Berg K.D.; Borre M.; Christensen P.; Elkjaer M.C.; Ernst A.; Fensman S.K.; Haldrup M.; Harbjerg J.L.; Iversen L.H.; Jensen P.T.; Jeppesen T.D.; Kjaer D.W.; Kristensen H.O.; Lund N.; Maigaard Axelsen S.; Mekhael M.; Mikic N.; Ostenfeld E.B.; Ebbehoj A.L.; Krarup P.; Schlesinger N.; Smith H.; Batista S.; Crespo A.; Diaz P.J.; Rivas R.; Rodriguez-Abreu J.; Tactuk N.; El Kassas M.; Omar W.; Tawheed A.; Talaat M.; Abdelsamed A.; Azzam A.Y.; Salem H.; Seleim A.; Abdelmajeed A.; Abdou M.; Abosamak N.E.; AL Sayed M.; Ashoush F.; Atta R.; Elazzazy E.; Elnemr M.; Elsayed Hewalla M.E.; Elsherbini I.; Essam E.; Ewedah M.; Ghallab I.; Hassan E.; Ibrahim M.; Metwalli M.; Mourad M.; Qatora M.S.; Ragab M.; Sabry A.; Saifeldin H.; Samih A.; Samir Abdelaal A.; Shehata S.; Shenit K.; Attia D.; Kamal N.; Osman N.; Abbas A.M.; Abd Elazeem H.A.S.; Abd-Elkariem A.Y.; Abdelkarem M.M.; Alaa S.; Ashraf M.; Ayman A.; Azizeldine M.G.; Elkhayat H.; Emad Mashhour A.; Gaber M.; Hamza H.M.; Hawal I.; Hetta H.F.; K. Ali A.; M.elghazaly S.; Mohammed M.M.; Monib F.A.; Nageh M.A.; Saad A.; Saad M.M.; Shahine M.; Yousof E.A.; Youssef A.; El-Deeb M.; Fawzy M.; Ghaly G.; Ibraheem M.; Eldaly A.; Esmail E.; ElFiky M.; Nabil A.; Alrahawy M.; Sakr A.; Soliman H.; Soltan H.; Amira G.; Sallam I.; Sherief M.; Sherif A.; Abdelrahman A.; Aboulkassem H.; Hamdy R.; Morsi A.; Sherif G.; Abdeldayem H.; Abdelkader Salama I.; Balabel M.; Fayed Y.; Sherif A.E.; Elmorsi R.; Emile S.; Refky B.; Abd-elsalam S.; Badr H.; Elbahnasawy M.; Elzoghby M.; Essa M.; Gamal Badr S.; Ghoneim A.; Hamad O.; Hamada M.; Hammad M.; Hawila A.; Morsy M.S.; Salman S.; Sarsik S.; Bekele K.; Kauppila J.H.; Sarjanoja E.; Helminen O.; Huhta H.; Beyrne C.; Jouffret L.; Lugans L.; Marie-Macron L.; Chouillard E.; De Simone B.; Fredon F.; Roux A.; Bettoni J.; Dakpe S.; Devauchelle B.; Lavagen N.; Testelin S.; Boucher S.; Breheret R.; Gueutier A.; Kahn A.; Kun-Darbois J.; Barrabe A.; Lakkis Z.; Louvrier A.; Manfredelli S.; Mathieu P.; Chebaro A.; Drubay V.; El amrani M.; Eveno C.; Lecolle K.; Legault G.; Martin L.; Piessen G.; Pruvot F.R.; Truant S.; Zerbib P.; Ballouhey Q.; Barrat B.; Fourcade L.; Laloze J.; Salle H.; Taibi A.; Tricard J.; Usseglio J.; Bergeat D.; Merdrignac A.; Le Roy B.; Perotto L.O.; Scalabre A.; Gornes H.; Vaysse C.; Vergriete K.; Aime A.; Ezanno A.; Malgras B.; Arnaud A.P.; Fustec E.; Lavoue V.; Tesson C.; Bouche P.; Tzedakis S.; Cotte E.; Glehen O.; Lifante J.; Bendjemar L.; Braham H.; Charre L.; El Arbi N.; Morel-chevillet L.; Police A.; Villefranque V.; Volpin E.; D'Urso A.; Felli E.; Mutter D.; Pessaux P.; Seeliger B.; Barbe Y.; Bardet J.; Barret E.; Berry R.; Boddaert G.; Bonnet S.; Brian E.; Cathala N.; Cathelineau X.; Denet C.; Fuks D.; Gossot D.; Grigoroiu M.; Laforest A.; Levy-Zauberman Y.; Louis-Sylvestre C.; Macek P.; Mombet A.; Moumen A.; Pourcher G.; Rozet F.; Sanchez Salas R.; Seguin-givelet A.; Tribillon E.; Crenn V.; De Vergie S.; Duchalais E.; Espitalier F.; Ferron C.; Fragnaud H.; Malard O.; Regenet N.; Rigaud J.; Varenne Y.; Waast D.; Bork U.; Distler M.; Fritzmann J.; Kirchberg J.; Praetorius C.; Riediger C.; Weitz J.; Welsch T.; Wimberger P.; Beyer K.; Kamphues C.; Lauscher J.; Loch F.N.; Schineis C.; Albertsmeier M.; Angele M.; Kappenberger A.; Niess H.; Schiergens T.; Werner J.; Becker R.; Jonescheit J.; Doerner J.; Seiberth R.; Pergolini I.; Reim D.; Herzberg J.; Honarpisheh H.; Strate T.; Boeker C.; Hakami I.; Mall J.; Liokatis P.; Smolka W.; Vassos N.; Nowak K.; Reinhard T.; Holzle F.; Modabber A.; Winnand P.; Anthuber M.; Shiban E.; Sommer B.; Sommer F.; Wolf S.; Howaldt H.; Knitschke M.; Kauffmann P.; Wolfer S.; Kleeff J.; Lorenz K.; Michalski C.; Ronellenfitsch U.; Schneider R.; Bertolani E.; Konigsrainer A.; Loffler M.W.; Quante M.; Steidle C.; Uberruck L.; Yurttas C.; Betz C.S.; Bewarder J.; Bottcher A.; Burg S.; Busch C.; Dreimann M.; Frosch K.H.; Gosau M.; Heuer A.; Izbicki J.; Klatte T.O.; Koenig D.; Moeckelmann N.; Nitschke C.; Perez D.; Priemel M.; Reiter A.; Smeets R.; Speth U.; Stangenberg M.; Thole S.; Uzunoglu F.G.; Viezens L.; Vollkommer T.; Zeller N.; Battista M.J.; Gillen K.; Hasenburg A.; Krajnak S.; Linz V.C.; Schwab R.; Amo-Antwi K.; Appiah-kubi A.; Konney T.; Tawiah A.; Boatey S.; Issaka A.; Korsah M.A.; Sheriff M.; Angelou K.; Haidopoulos D.; Rodolakis A.; Antonakis P.; Bramis K.; Chardalias L.; Contis I.; Dafnios N.; Dellaportas D.; Fragulidis G.; Gklavas A.; Konstadoulakis M.; Memos N.; Papaconstantinou I.; Polydorou A.; Theodosopoulos T.; Vezakis A.; Antonopoulou M.I.; Manatakis D.K.; Tasis N.; Arkadopoulos N.; Danias N.; Economopoulou P.; Frountzas M.; Kokoropoulos P.; Larentzakis A.; Michalopoulos N.; Nastos C.; Parasyris S.; Pikoulis E.; Selmani J.; Sidiropoulos T.; Vassiliu P.; Bouchagier K.; Klimopoulos S.; Paspaliari D.; Stylianidis G.; Akrivou D.; Baxevanidou K.; Bouliaris K.; Chatzikomnitsa P.; Delinasios G.; Doudakmanis C.; Efthimiou M.; Giaglaras A.; Kalfountzos C.; Kolla C.; Koukoulis G.; Zervas K.; Zourntou S.; Baloyiannis I.; Diamantis A.; Gkrinia E.; Hajiioannou J.; Korais C.; Koukoura O.; Perivoliotis K.; Saratziotis A.; Skoulakis C.; Symeonidis D.; Tepetes K.; Tzovaras G.; Zacharoulis D.; Alexoudi V.; Antoniades K.; Astreidis I.; Christidis P.; Deligiannidis D.; Grivas T.; Ioannidis O.; Kalaitsidou I.; Loutzidou L.; Mantevas A.; Michailidou D.; Nikolaidou E.; Papadopoulou S.; Paraskevopoulos K.; Politis S.; Stavroglou A.; Tatsis D.; Tilaveridis I.; Vahtsevanos K.; Venetis G.; Karaitianos I.; Tsirlis T.; Dinas K.; Margioula-Siarkou C.; Petousis S.; Baili E.; Charalabopoulos A.; Liakakos T.; Schizas D.; Spartalis E.; Syllaios A.; Zografos C.; Anthoulakis C.; Christou C.D.; Papadopoulos V.; Tooulias A.; Tsolakidis D.; Tsoulfas G.; Zouzoulas D.; Athanasakis E.; Chrysos E.; Tsiaoussis I.; Xenaki S.; Xynos E.; Barrios Duarte A.; Lopez Muralles I.; Lowey M.J.; Portilla A.L.; Recinos G.; Chan J.Y.K.; Chan S.M.; Chong C.C.N.; Futaba K.; Ho M.F.; Hon S.F.; Lau R.W.H.; Mak T.W.C.; Ng C.F.; Ng C.S.H.; Ng K.K.C.; Ng S.S.M.; Teoh A.Y.B.; Teoh J.Y.; Foo C.C.; Banky B.; Susztak N.; Misra S.; Pareek P.; Vishnoi J.R.; Ambre S.; Balasubiramaniyan V.; Chappity P.; Chaudhary I.; Colney L.; Das M.K.; Imaduddin M.; Jain A.; Jena S.K.; Kar M.; Mandal S.; Mishra A.; Mishra S.S.; Mishra T.S.; Mitra J.K.; Mittal Y.; Muduly D.K.; Nayak P.; Parida P.K.; Pradhan P.; Rajan D.K.; Rebba E.; Samal D.K.; Singh A.; Sultania M.; Agarwal S.P.; Agrawal A.; Arora R.K.; Chaturvedi J.; Garg P.K.; Gaurav A.; Gupta A.; Kottayasamy Seenivasagam R.; Maharaj D.D.; Majumdar K.S.; Mishra N.; Mittal A.; Narain T.A.; Nirjhar R.; Poonia D.R.; Sadhasivam S.; Singh M.P.; Tiwari A.R.; Akula A.K.; Bandegudda S.K.; Bindlish R.P.; Chaitanya A.; Chandrasekhara Rao L.M.; Dalakoti P.; Dasu S.; Giridhar A.; Gorijavolu N.B.; Iyer R.R.; Jayakarthik Y.; Jonathan G.T.; Kalla M.B.; Kheni Y.; Kumar C.S.; Murtuza S.A.; Naidu C.C.K.; Nalukurthi R.K.; Nemade H.O.; Nusrath S.; Patnaik S.C.; Raju K.V.V.N.; Ramalingam P.R.; Rao K.V.; Rayani B.K.; Reddy Kallam S.M.; Reddy S.R.R.; Saksena A.R.; Sebastian J.A.; Sharma R.M.; Thammineedi S.R.; Krishnamurthy A.; Madhupriya S.; Raja A.; Ramakrishnan A.S.; Dutt U.K.; Ghosh D.N.; Grewal S.; Hans P.; Haque P.D.; Jain R.; Kingsley P.A.; Mahajan A.; Mandrelle K.; Michael V.; Mukherjee P.; Varghese A.; Varghese S.S.; Veetil S.K.; Gaikwad P.; George A.J.; James S.M.; Jesudason M.R.; Mittal R.; Moorthy M.; Riju J.; Sebastian A.; Sen S.; Singh S.; Sreekar D.; Thomas V.; Titus D.K.; Yezzaji H.S.; Aggarwal M.; Dhamija P.; Kumar A.; Chisthi M.M.; Gejoe G.; Gopakumar D.; Kollengode V.V.; Kuttanchettiyar K.G.; Yadev I.; Balasubramanian A.; Chaturvedula L.; Dharanipragada K.; Kalayarasan R.; Manikandan R.; Penumadu P.; Lakshminarayana B.; Mathew S.; Reddihalli P.V.; Shivdas S.; Akhtar N.; Chaturvedi A.; Gupta S.; Kumar V.; Rajan S.; Agrawal N.; Ahluwalia P.; Arora A.; Batra-Modi K.; Biswas M.; Chaturvedi H.; Gautam G.; Jain M.; Jain S.; Kumar S.; Nayyar R.; Tiwari A.; Bhushan Rangappa V.; Kadapathri A.; Kolur T.; Pethkar R.; Pillai V.; Popli G.; Sharma J.; Shetty V.; Subramaniam N.; Williams J.; Agarwal P.; Agarwal V.; Baghel A.; Sharma D.B.; Silodia A.; Singh K.N.; Yadav S.K.; Aziz G.; Chowdri N.; Mehraj A.; Parray F.Q.; Shah Z.A.; Wani R.A.; Ahmed Z.; Bali R.S.; Bhat M.A.; Laharwal A.R.; Mahmood M.; Mir I.S.; Muzamil J.; Najar F.A.; Rashid A.; Rather M.H.; Zaieem M.; Aggarwal G.; Agrawal V.; Ahmed A.; Ahmed R.; Bhaumik J.; Ghosh A.; Jain D.; Jain P.V.; Kewlani V.; Pipara A.; Shakya S.; Sharma A.; Thambudorai R.; Badwe R.A.; Bakshi G.; Chandankhede U.; Chaudhari V.; Chaukar D.; Chitkara G.; Dash B.; Deshmukh A.; deSoouza A.; Gulia A.; Maheshwari A.; Moiyadi A.; Nair D.; Nair N.S.; Niyogi D.; Pal M.; Pandey D.; Patkar S.; Poddar P.; Pramesh C.S.; Puri A.; Saklani A.; Shetty P.; Shrikhande S.V.; Singh V.; Thiagarajan S.; Islam A.A.; Kembuan G.; Pajan H.; Rahim F.; Brouki Milan P.; Mozafari M.; Rezaei Tavirani M.; Tizmaghz A.; Safari H.; Aremu M.; Canas-Martinez A.; Cullivan O.; Murphy C.; Owens P.; Pickett L.; Akmenkalne L.; Byrne J.; Corrigan M.; Cullinane C.; Daly A.; Fleming C.; Jordan P.; Kayyal M.Y.; Killeen S.; Lynch N.; McCarthy A.; Mustafa H.; O'Brien S.; O'Leary P.; Syed W.A.S.; Vernon L.; O'Duffy F.; McHugh A.; Moran T.; Callanan D.; Dias A.; Ionescu A.; Sheahan P.; Balasubramanian I.; Boland M.; Carrington E.; Conlon K.; Evoy D.; Fagan J.; Fearon N.; Gallagher T.; Geary E.; Geraghty J.; Hanly A.; Heneghan H.; Kennedy N.; Kennelly R.; Maguire D.; Martin S.T.; McCartan D.; Mc