Divinos mendigos

Se analiza la figura del esecialista religioso mendicante desde una perspectiva social y religiosa. El rechazo a estos personajes es muy común en la literatura, pero también es evidente el éxito de los sacerdotes mendicantes entre los campesinos y gentes de baja condición en general. En las religiones mistéricas, el carácter exótico de los sacerdotes mendicantes acentúa su marginalidad, pero no impide su éxito, dado que, si por un lado el sacerdocio mendicante se opone con claridad a las formas de evergetismo religioso propias de la ciudad grecorromana, por otra parte se corresponde estrechamente con las derivaciones de la nueva forma de religiosidad personal que se va imponiendo en el mundo romano.___________________________________On analyse le personnage du spécialiste religieux mendiant d'un point de vue social et religieux. Le rejet de ces personnages est tres commun dans la littérature, mais il est aussi évident le succés des prétres mendiants parmi les paysans et les gens d'humble condition. Dans les religions á mystéres, l'aspect exotique des prétres mendiants accentue sa marginalité, mais il n'empéche pas son succés, étant donné que, si d'un coté le sacerdoce mendiant s'oppose clairement aux formes d'évergétisme religieux propres de la cité grécoromaine, d'un autre coté it se correspond étroitement aux dérivations de la nouvelle forme de religiosité personelle que commencait á s'imposer dans le monde romain

Relationship between individual chamber and whole shell Mg/Ca ratios in Trilobatus sacculifer and implications for individual foraminifera palaeoceanographic reconstructions

© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Rustic, G. T., Polissar, P. J., Ravelo, A. C., & DeMenocal, P. Relationship between individual chamber and whole shell Mg/Ca ratios in Trilobatus sacculifer and implications for individual foraminifera palaeoceanographic reconstructions. Scientific Reports, 11(1), (2021): 463, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80673-8.Precisely targeted measurements of trace elements using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) reveal inter-chamber heterogeneities in specimens of the planktic foraminifer Trilobatus (Globigerinoides) sacculifer. We find that Mg/Ca ratios in the final growth chamber are generally lower compared to previous growth chambers, but final chamber Mg/Ca is elevated in one of thirteen sample intervals. Differences in distributions of Mg/Ca values from separate growth chambers are observed, occurring most often at lower Mg/Ca values, suggesting that single-chamber measurements may not be reflective of the specimen’s integrated Mg/Ca. We compared LA-ICPMS Mg/Ca values to paired, same-individual Mg/Ca measured via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) to assess their correspondence. Paired LA-ICPMS and ICP-OES Mg/Ca show a maximum correlation coefficient of R = 0.92 (p < 0.05) achieved by applying a weighted average of the last and penultimate growth chambers. Population distributions of paired Mg/Ca values are identical under this weighting. These findings demonstrate that multi-chamber LA-ICPMS measurements can approximate entire specimen Mg/Ca, and is thus representative of the integrated conditions experienced during the specimen’s lifespan. This correspondence between LA-ICPMS and ICP-OES data links these methods and demonstrates that both generate Mg/Ca values suitable for individual foraminifera palaeoceanographic reconstructions.This research was funded by National Science Foundation Grants OCE 1401649 and OCE 1405178, the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Climate Center, and the Columbia Center for Climate and Life

Determination of Environmental Factors for the Implementation of the Exploitability Index in Industrial Aggregate Mining Using Multi-Criteria Analysis

ABSTRACT: The quality of human life is linked to the exploitation of mining resources. The Exploitability Index (EI) assesses the actual possibilities to enable a mine according to several factors. The environment is one of the most constraining ones, but its analysis is made in a shallow way. This research is focused on its determination, according to a new preliminary methodology that sets the main components of the environmental impact related to the development of an exploitation of industrial minerals and its weighting according to the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). It is applied to the case of the ophitic outcrops in Cantabria (Spain). Twelve components are proposed and weighted with the AHP and an algorithm that allows for assigning a normalized value for the environmental factor to each deposit. Geographic Information Systems (GISs) are applied, allowing us to map a large number of components of the environmental factors. This provides a much more accurate estimation of the environmental factor, with respect to reality, and improves the traditional methodology in a substantial way. It can be established as a methodology for mining spaces planning, but it is suitable for other contexts, and it raises developing the environmental analysis before selecting the outcrop to be exploite

Risk factors for dementia in the epidemiological study of Munguialde County (Basque Country-Spain)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Prevalence of degenerative dementias and dementias associated with cerebrovascular disease is increasing. Dementia is one of the most significant public health problem. In recent years, the role of vascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia) and depression has been evaluated.</p> <p>The incidence of dementia and risk factors has not been fully investigated in Spain. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD) in elderly people in Munguialde County (Spain).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A two phase, door-to-door populational study was performed. Demographic variables and the presence of vascular risk factors and depression were recorded. The MMSE, the DSM-IV and the conventional criteria for AD and VD were used in the evaluation. The odds ratio for each risk factor was calculated by logistic regression analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>1756 healthy subjects and 175 patients with dementia participated in the study. Of these, 133 had AD, 15 VD and the remainder other dementias. The risk factors for dementia and AD were female sex (OR = 1.67 and 1.97, respectively); age (OR = 1.14 and 1.15); stroke (OR = 7.84 and 3); and depression (OR = 53.08 and 3.19). Stroke was the only risk factor for VD (OR = 119).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Greater age, female sex, stroke and depression increase the risk of suffering dementia, AD and VD. The relationship between depression, vascular risk factors and dementia has clear public health implications. Prevention and early treatment of vascular risk factors and depression may have an important impact in lowering the risk of dementia and could modify the natural history of the disease.</p

Risk factors for dementia in the epidemiological study of Munguialde County (Basque Country-Spain)

Es reproducción del documento publicado en http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2377-8-39Background: Prevalence of degenerative dementias and dementias associated with cerebrovascular disease is increasing. Dementia is one of the most significant public health problem. In recent years, the role of vascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia) and depression has been evaluated. The incidence of dementia and risk factors has not been fully investigated in Spain. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD) in elderly people in Munguialde County (Spain). Methods: A two phase, door-to-door populational study was performed. Demographic variables and the presence of vascular risk factors and depression were recorded. The MMSE, the DSM-IV and the conventional criteria for AD and VD were used in the evaluation. The odds ratio for each risk factor was calculated by logistic regression analysis. Results: 1756 healthy subjects and 175 patients with dementia participated in the study. Of these, 133 had AD, 15 VD and the remainder other dementias. The risk factors for dementia and AD were female sex (OR = 1.67 and 1.97, respectively); age (OR = 1.14 and 1.15); stroke (OR = 7.84 and 3); and depression (OR = 53.08 and 3.19). Stroke was the only risk factor for VD (OR = 119). Conclusion: Greater age, female sex, stroke and depression increase the risk of suffering dementia, AD and VD. The relationship between depression, vascular risk factors and dementia has clear public health implications. Prevention and early treatment of vascular risk factors and depression may have an important impact in lowering the risk of dementia and could modify the natural history of the disease.Fundación San Jose Etxealai; Fundación BB

Holocene bidirectional river system along the Kenya Rift and its influence on East African faunal exchange and diversity gradients

© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Dommain, R., Riedl, S., Olaka, L. A., deMenocal, P., Deino, A. L., Owen, R. B., Muiruri, V., Müller, J., Potts, R., & Strecker, M. R. Holocene bidirectional river system along the Kenya Rift and its influence on East African faunal exchange and diversity gradients. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119(28),(2022): e2121388119, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2121388119.East Africa is a global biodiversity hotspot and exhibits distinct longitudinal diversity gradients from west to east in freshwater fishes and forest mammals. The assembly of this exceptional biodiversity and the drivers behind diversity gradients remain poorly understood, with diversification often studied at local scales and less attention paid to biotic exchange between Afrotropical regions. Here, we reconstruct a river system that existed for several millennia along the now semiarid Kenya Rift Valley during the humid early Holocene and show how this river system influenced postglacial dispersal of fishes and mammals due to its dual role as a dispersal corridor and barrier. Using geomorphological, geochronological, isotopic, and fossil analyses and a synthesis of radiocarbon dates, we find that the overflow of Kenyan rift lakes between 12 and 8 ka before present formed a bidirectional river system consisting of a “Northern River” connected to the Nile Basin and a “Southern River,” a closed basin. The drainage divide between these rivers represented the only viable terrestrial dispersal corridor across the rift. The degree and duration of past hydrological connectivity between adjacent river basins determined spatial diversity gradients for East African fishes. Our reconstruction explains the isolated distribution of Nilotic fish species in modern Kenyan rift lakes, Guineo-Congolian mammal species in forests east of the Kenya Rift, and recent incipient vertebrate speciation and local endemism in this region. Climate-driven rearrangements of drainage networks unrelated to tectonic activity contributed significantly to the assembly of species diversity and modern faunas in the East African biodiversity hotspot.R.D. was funded by a Smithsonian Human Origins Postdoctoral Fellowship and by Geo.X—the Research Network for Geosciences in Berlin and Potsdam. Fig. 1 D, E, and G and SI Appendix, Figs. S1 and S3 are based on the TanDEM-X Science DEM granted to L.A.O. and S.R. by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in 2017. L.A.O. acknowledges the Volkswagen Foundation for funding this study with Grant No. 89369. M.R.S. and S.R. were supported by funds from Potsdam University and the Geothermal Development Company of Kenya, and R.B.O. and V.M. were supported by the Hong Kong General Research Fund. We acknowledge support from the National Museums of Kenya and the Kenya Government permission granted by the Ministry of Sports, Culture and the Arts, and by the National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation (NACOSTI) Permits P/14/7709/683 (to R.P.) and P/16/11924/11448 (to L.A.O.). This work is a contribution of the Olorgesailie Drilling Project, for which support from the National Museums of Kenya, the Oldonyo Nyokie Group Ranch, the Peter Buck Fund for Human Origins Research (Smithsonian Institution), the William H. Donner Foundation, the Ruth and Vernon Taylor Foundation, Whitney and Betty MacMillan, and the Smithsonian Human Origins Program is gratefully acknowledged. LacCore is acknowledged for support in drilling and core storage

Tratamiento de candidiasis vaginal en mujeres de 20 a 60 años, que asisten a consulta externa en el Hospital Amistad Japón-Nicaragua en la ciudad de Granada en el periodo de junio-noviembre 2019

Durante los últimos años diferentes líneas de investigación han permitido importantes avances en el conocimiento de la biología, de los hongos y en los mecanismos que rigen la respuesta inmune a Cándida Albicans en el tracto vaginal. Existen diferentes alternativas terapéuticas como en el caso de la clotrimazol óvulos 100 mg que ya en algunos años ha estado presentando resistencia hacia distintas cepas de hongos, en el cual ha alcanzado éxito terapéutico gracias a la terapia combinada con otros antimicótico, antibiótico y antiprotozoarios, razón por la cual en este trabajo se plantea dar respuesta a la siguiente interrogante: ¿Cuáles son los tratamientos farmacológicos utilizados para candidiasis vaginal en mujeres de 20 a 60 años, que asisten a consulta externa en el Hospital Amistad Japón-Nicaragua en el periodo de Junio- Noviembre 2019? Se tomaron 103 pacientes atendidos en el área de ginecología del Hospital Amistad Japón- Nicaragua, de los cuales se obtuvo un muestreo a conveniencia conformada por 64 pacientes que presentan candidiasis vaginal leve o severa. Se realizó un estudio de utilización de medicamentos (EUM) de tipo indicación- prescripción, descriptivo, explicativo, retrospectivo y transversal, se emplearon fichas de recolección de datos para obtener la información de los expedientes clínicos de pacientes con candidiasis vaginal. De los resultados obtenidos por la investigación se encontró que el rango de edad más frecuente que predomino en las mujeres con candidiasis vaginal fue de 31 a 40 años debido a uno de los factores de riesgo más incidentes como es el cambio de los niveles de estrógeno, otro resultado que se ha encontrado es que el fármaco más recomendado y utilizado es el clotrimazol en óvulos en un 47% de los casos. Se concluye según los datos obtenidos en la recolección y procesamiento de datos que la complejidad de la candidiasis (leve o severa) fijará el tratamiento que se les prescribirá a las pacientes, la complejidad de esta misma se ve determinada por la presencia de ciertos factores que inciden en el desarrollo de la candidiasis vagina

Development of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/bioglass fibers using an electrospinning technique.

This work establishes experimental conditions for the synthesis of polymeric fibers using the electrospinning technique, modifying some operational parameters such as drum collector rotation speed and applied voltage were modified. The samples were obtained from a copolymer of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), with a molecular weight of approximately 220,000 g/mol, dissolved in a dimethyl sulfoxide/dichloromethane (3:1 v/v) solution. With the aim of developing scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, we added a calcium phosphate glass based on 44.5Ca0-44.5P2O5-11Na2O to the fibrous PLGA structures. The preliminary characterization of these PLGA structures with and without the addition of biodegradable glass was performed using SEM analysis. We found the formation of aligned and homogeneous fibers with an average diameter of 5.2 ± 2.1 µm when using the 800 rpm - 8cm - 9 kV parameters. In addition, the incorporation of 1 wt% of previously silanized calcium phosphate particles substantially altered the fiber morphology and porosity. However, a substantial increase in the bioactivity of the composite was observed in contrast with the unmodified PLGA

Interpreting lake isotope records of Holocene environmental change in the Eastern Mediterranean

Oxygen isotope records from lake sediment archives are becoming an increasingly common tool for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. We discuss their interpretation in the Eastern Mediterranean region with particular reference to three records, Zeribar, Van and Eski Acıgöl during the Holocene. The latter two records have been interpreted as controlled by changes in the precipitation to evaporation ratio, and the first due to changes in precipitation seasonality. In light of recent isotope work in the region and comparison with other proxy data from the same lakes, we show both of these initial interpretations to be oversimplified. Careful interpretations of complex lake isotope systems are therefore required in order that palaeoclimatic inferences are drawn correctly