Topographie du tissu adipeux et profil de risque cardiométabolique des jeunes adultes apparemment en santé

Tableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2012-2013.Les jeunes adultes apparemment en santé, chez qui la prévalence d’athérosclérose asymptomatique est étonnamment élevée, devraient pouvoir bénéficier de stratégies préventives efficaces en matière de santé cardiométabolique. Notre étude a examiné la pertinence et la façon d’évaluer l’adiposité régionale chez les jeunes adultes apparemment en santé en mesurant les associations qui existent entre les différents tissus adipeux (sous-cutané abdominal, viscéral abdominal et épicardique) et les marqueurs du profil de risque cardiométabolique, ainsi que les associations qui existent entre les différents tissus adipeux et les mesures anthropométriques (indice de masse corporelle, tour de taille et ratio taille/hanche). Nos résultats suggèrent la pertinence d’évaluer spécifiquement les quantités de tissu adipeux viscéral abdominal et épicardique chez les jeunes adultes apparemment en santé. Notre étude a également déterminé qu’en plus de simplement calculer l’indice de masse corporelle, mesurer le tour de taille chez les jeunes adultes apparemment en santé permet de mieux discriminer les individus avec une accumulation de tissu adipeux viscéral et épicardique augmentée

Visceral / epicardial adiposity in nonobese and apparently healthy young adults : association with the cardiometabolic profile

Objective: We investigate associations of regional adipose tissues with cardiometabolic profile of nonobese and apparently healthy young adults. Methods: Four hundred twenty-five nonobese and apparently healthy individuals were assessed for blood pressure and fasting lipid profile, blood glucose and adiponectin. Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAT) and ectopic fat depots (visceral abdominal adipose tissue [VAT], epicardial adipose tissue [EAT] and hepatic fat fraction [HFF]) were quantified by magnetic resonance imaging. Results: According to anthropometric measurements, blood pressure and blood markers, the population (18–35 years, 54% women) had a low cardiometabolic risk. Compared to women, men had more VAT, EAT and HFF, but less SAT. Regional adipose tissues were positively correlated with each other. VAT and EAT carried significant correlations with all markers of cardiometabolic risk, while SAT and HFF correlated variably with these markers. While taking into account age and gender, SAT, VAT and EAT were associated with most cardiometabolic markers, while HFF was only associated with total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio (TC/HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG). When comparing SAT, VAT and EAT head-to-head, VAT was the only adipose tissue location maintaining significant association with most markers of cardiometabolic risk. Greater VAT (=50th percentile) was associated with a worse cardiometabolic profile, whether individuals were overweight or normal weight. Conclusion: Even in nonobese and apparently healthy young women and men, accumulation of ectopic visceral adiposity in general, and of VAT in particular, is associated with a worse cardiometabolic profile whether individuals were overweight or normal weight

Cardiac morphology and function reference values derived from a large subset of healthy young Caucasian adults by magnetic resonance imaging

Aims: Assessment of cardiac anatomy and function by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is accurate and reproducible and is commonly performed to clarify borderline results obtained by other techniques. Normal reference values are lacking in a large sample of young healthy adults. As CMR is increasingly solicited to discriminate normality from equivocal disease in this population, we sought to determine reliable reference values. Methods and results: A sample of 434 Caucasian adults aged 26 ± 4 years (45% male) without cardiovascular disease or risk factors (including obesity and smoking) underwent CMR. Blood pressure, electrocardiogram, and plasma markers (lipid profile, fasting glucose, troponin, and Nt-pro-BNP) were within normal limits and typical of a low-cardiometabolic-risk profile. End-diastolic (ED), end-systolic (ES), and stroke volumes were greater in men for left and right atria and ventricles. Left ventricular (LV) mass was higher in men. ED wall thickness of all segments was greater in men, whereas ES wall thickening (segmental function) was similar in both genders. After normalization to body surface area, all gender differences remained. Left and right ventricular volumes were lower, and left atrial volumes were higher in older individuals. In contrast, LV mass was not associated with age. Conclusion: This is the first large database of reference ranges for ventricular and atrial functions, volumes, and mass in young Caucasian men and women devoid of cardiovascular disease and risk factors. These data will contribute to improving the accuracy of CMR interpretation for clinical and research applications