Educational Project as a Biological-Agricultural Model for the Teaching of Agronomy at the Universidad Veracruzana in Orizaba-Córdoba Región

The Academic Group UV-CA-456 “Biotecnología y Modelos Biológicos Agropecuarios” is linked to the learning’s Agronomy students through academic strategies and activities, in order to achieve learning for their professional life and for professors, activities that are related to research, teaching and social spreading of knowledge. As a result, the applied and developed activities in the teaching-learning process in the field of agricultural producers are relevant for the implementation and professionalization in the improvement and/or understanding in agricultural production. The educational project refers to the production of coffe that takes place at the maquiladora farm “Barrios Jacome” that is located in Boca del Monte, Comapa, Ver. For this project it was necessary to visit the place and participate in the process of production with the objective of determining the stages. It turned out to be a great process of learning with practical agricultural experiences for the students

Comportamiento productivo y valor nutricional del pasto Pennisetum purpureum cv Cuba CT-115, a diferente edad de rebrote

Grass species forage yield and nutritional value directly affect livestock production performance. They also vary in response to regional climate and soil conditions. Forage yield and nutritional value in Pennisetum purpureum cv. Cuba CT-115 were evaluated at five regrowth ages (30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 d) in three seasons (dry, rainy and northwinds). A completely randomized block design with repeated measures was used, with four replicates per treatment. In all three seasons, maximum height was reached at 75 d: 127.1 cm in the dry season, 151.6 cm in the rainy season and 137.0 cm the northwind season. Forage yield was highest (27.0 t DM ha-1) at 90 d in the rainy season, with a growth rate of 300.2 kg DM ha-1 d-1, 7.3% crude protein and 37.0% in situ digestibility of dry matter. The leaf:stem ratio was highest at 30 d in all seasons, with a 1.65 average value. Crude protein content was highest in the northwind season at 30 and 45 d, with a 15.6 % average value. In all three seasons, digestibility was highest at 30 (mean= 49.3 %), 45 (51.8 %) and 60 d (48.2 %). Based on forage yield, use of P. purpureum cv. Cuba CT-115 grass for open grazing is recommended for cutting at 90 days’ regrowth and based on its nutritional quality is recommended for grazing at 60 days’ regrowth, both during the rainy season.Se evaluó el rendimiento de forraje y valor nutritivo del pasto Pennisetum purpureum cv Cuba CT-115, en cinco edades de rebrote: 30, 45, 60, 75 y 90 días, en tres épocas del año: seca, lluvias y nortes. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con medidas repetidas, con cuatro repeticiones por tratamiento. La mayor altura se registró a partir de los 75 días, en todas las épocas, con valores de 127.1, 151.6 y 137.0 cm, en seca, lluvias y nortes, respectivamente. El rendimiento más alto de forraje (27.0 t MS ha-1) se obtuvo a los 90 días en la época de lluvias, con una tasa de crecimiento (TC) de 300.2 kg MS ha-1 día-1, 7.3 % de proteína cruda (PC) y 37.0 % de degradación in situ de la materia seca (DIMS). La relación hoja:tallo fue mayor a los 30 días de rebrote, con un valor promedio de 1.65. El contenido de PC fue mayor en la época de nortes a 30 y 45 días, con un valor promedio de 15.6 %. La DIMS fue más alta a 30, 45 y 60 días, con valores promedio de 49.3, 51.8 y 48.2 %, respectivamente. Con base al rendimiento de forraje, se recomienda el uso del pasto Cuba CT-115 para corte a 90 días de rebrote durante la época de lluvias, mientras que, por su calidad nutricional, se recomienda su uso para pastoreo a 60 días de crecimiento después del corte

Producción de biomasa y valor nutritivo del pasto Cuba CT-115 (Pennisetum purpureum) en un suelo cambisol.

Con el objetivo de conocer la producción de biomasa y el valor nutritivo en un suelo cambisol del pasto Cuba CT-115 (Pennisetum purpureum), se estableció un experimento en el Campo Experimental del Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Tabasco en Cárdenas, Tabasco. Las variables a estudiar fueron agronómicas y de valor nutritivo. La evaluación comprendió el periodo de 1 año para estudiar las tres épocas climáticas (Secas, lluvias y nortes). Se usó un diseño bloques al azar (4 repeticiones); los datos se analizaron bajo un arreglo de parcelas divididas con 5 tratamientos (días de rebrote del pasto) los cuales fueron T1 (30 d), T2 (45 d), T3 (60 d), T4 (74 d) y T5 (90 d) como parcelas chicas y como parcelas grandes fueron las 3 épocas del año, para el análisis estadístico se usó el paquete R Foundation for statistical computing, en la comparación de medias se aplicó la prueba de Tukey (P<0.05). Se hicieron ecuaciones de regresión lineal dentro de época entre los días de rebrote contra las diversas variables empleando el programa Curvafit (Olivares, 1994). La mejor relación hoja/tallo (h/t) se encontró a los 30 d en Secas y lluvias (1.73:1 y 1.79:1, respectivamente), la mayor producción de biomasa base secas (BS, t/ha) se obtuvo en la época de lluvias a los 90 d (24.18 t/ha). El mayor contenido de materia secas (MS, %) en planta entera se encontró a los 90 d en las tres épocas (24.12, 24.68 y 24.40 % para Secas, lluvias y nortes, respectivamente), el contenido mayor de proteína cruda (PC %) se observó a los 30 y 45 d en la época de nortes (15.74 y 15.44 %, respectivamente). El mayor porcentaje de fibra detergente neutro (FDN, %) se presentó en la época de lluvias (75.11 %) y a los 75 y 90 d (74.06 y 72.24 %, respectivamente) y la mejor degradación in situ de la MS (DSMS,%) se observó a los 30 y 45 d en las tres épocas 48.14 y 53.01% respectivamente. Bajo las condiciones del estudio, el pasto no tuvo un buen comportamiento tanto en la producción de biomasa como en la calidad en la época de secas, sin embargo presentó excelente comportamiento en la época de nortes. _______________ BIOMASS PRODUCTION AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CT-115 CUBA GRASS (Pennisetum purpureum) IN A SOIL CAMBISOL. ABSTRACT: In order to meet the biomass production and nutritional value of Cuba CT-115 grass (Pennisetum purpureum) in a cambisol soil, an experiment was conducted in the Experimental Postgraduate College, Campus Tabasco in Cardenas, Tabasco. The study variables were agronomic and nutritional value. The evaluation covered the period from one year to study the three climatic seasons (dry, rainy and windy). Was used a randomized block design (4 replications) and the data were analyzed under a split plot with five treatments (day regrowth of grass) which were T1 (30 d), T2 (45 d), T3 (60 d), T4 (74 d) and T5 (90 d) as subplots, as main plots were the three seasons, for statistical analysis package was used R Foundation for Statistical Computing, in the comparison of means was applied Tukey test (P <0.05). Regression equations were linear over time between the days of regrowth against various variables using the program Curvafit (Olivares, 1994). The best leaf / stem ratio (h / t) was found at 30 d in dry and rainy season (1.73:1 and 1.79:1, respectively), highest production of biomass dry basis (BS, t / ha) was obtained in rainy season at 90 d (24.18 t / ha). The highest content of dry matter (DM,%) was found in the whole plant at 90 d in the three times (24.12, 24.68 and 24.40% for dry, rainy and windy, respectively). The highest value of crude protein (PC,% ) was founded at 30 and 45 d in the windy season (15.74 and 15.44%, respectively). The highest percentage of neutral detergent fiber (NDF,%) occurred in the rainy season (75.11%) and 75 and 90 d (74.06 and 72.24%, respectively) and the best in situ degradation of DM (DSMS,% ) was observed at 30 and 45 d in the three seasons 48.14 and 53.01% respectively, for dry, 51.31 and 49.80%, respectively in rain and 48.59 and 51.29 for windy %, respectively). Under the study conditions, the grass had not performed well in both biomass production and quality in the dry season, but showed excellent performance in the windy season.Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias, especialista en Producción Agroalimentaria en el Trópico).- Colegio de Postgraduados, 2012.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)

Growth and nutrients content of heliconia under mineral fertilization

Heliconias have great commercial importance due to their durability of inflorescences, sizes, forms and bright colors. Regarding its production, the mineral nutrition of the crop is one of the most relevant aspects to obtain quality floral stems. The objective was to determine the influence of N-P-K on the growth and nutritional content of Heliconia stricta Dwarf Jamaican. A completely randomized block design was used with four treatments and five repetitions. The treatments consisted in fertilizing the soil with N-P-K. The levels of fertilization expressed in kg ha-1 of NPK were: control without application 00-00-00 (T100), 31-31-31 (T231), 62-62-62 (T362) and 93-93-93 (T493). The plants received the treatments for six months. Growth variables and nutrient contents of heliconia biomass were evaluated. The analysis of variance showed significant statistical differences (P ≤ 0.05) in the vigor and color of the plant, as well as the phosphorus, magnesium and copper contents. The significant increases in vigor and color were with doses 31- 31-31 and 62-62-62 of NPK. As for the contents of P, Mg and Cu were influenced by doses 31-31-31, 62-62-62 and 93-93-93 of NPK. This work shows important findings in relation to the nutritional diagnosis in the foliar content of nutrients