Títulos hipotecarios de los Estados Unidos:Estudios de las características del mercado e instrumentos

El Objetivo de este documento es el de estudiartangto las características de retorno y riesgo de los Títulos Respaldado en Hipotecas (MBS por sus siglas en ingles - Mortgage-Backed Segurities, así como el análisis del mercado hipotecario de los Estados Unidos

Títulos hipotecarios de los Estados Unidos: Estudios de las características del mercado e instrumentos

El Objetivo de este documento es el de estudiar tanto las características de retorno y riesgo de los Títulos Respaldado en Hipotecas (MBS por sus siglas en ingles Mortgage-Backed Segurities, así como el análisis del mercado hipotecario de los Estados Unidos.

D’un effet vertueux de l'art 116 de la loi NRE en matière de RSE? La problématique est posée à échelle de l'union européenne

In a European and global context devoted to CSR, it is interested to look at the French process. According to the survey, the French approach on CSR issues is based on principles that make this approach specific when compared to other Western countries. In France, CSR is less considered as a risk factor than in Anglo-Saxon countries. In France, CSR is a duty for companies (Article 1.1.6 of 2001 Act) to complete statements on the actions referring to social and environmental aspects. Measuring the impact of this legislation is not easy. The comparison of developments of CSR within companies between 2001 and 2007 is based on the compliance of the legislation. Beyond a potential sector-based dynamic, it is an individual choice for companies to make considering the cost linked to this exercise. Could improvements be made by international standards or sector-based approach? How should it be translated at the European level? In 2004, the Report of the European Economic and Social Committee favoured the partnership approach and the standardisation approach. According to the latest report of Richard Howitt, it seems that the European Parliament is much more in favour of a voluntary approach to CSR. The opposition of models is not useful. CSR implications are efficient and companies cannot risk not integrating it. Directors must send to their own management the message that CSR is a priority. The reporting exercise must not become academic or artificial to be repeated at the European level.CSR; French law on CSR and its effects; EU orientations

La création d’entreprise au féminin dans le monde occidental

The principal aim of this study is to identify the dimensions implied by female entrepreneurialism, especially its potential economic contribution to national growth, its specificities, or the analysis of public or private initiatives willing to promote it. Thus, our goal is to issue a number of hypotheses as well as warnings and recommendations for the launch of specific initiatives towards women entrepreneurship. Female entrepreneurship is often considered as an insufficiently-exploited source of economic growth. The recent evolutions of the labour market forced number of women to create their own position so that they can balance their working and family lives with the drive to succeed on a meaningful project. Women entrepreneurs create employment for themselves and for others, sometimes in order to cater for needs a common employee status cannot fill (schedule and/or family obligations). Thanks to their specificities as managers dealing with common business issues such as organisation, they also bring their own potential to society. Women need more financial supports, adapted trainings, more mentoring, and more networks to reach equal opportunities with men. Depending on each country, both cultural context and the way gender diversity is achieved have an importance in reaching this goal.Economic Growth; Tools of Success; Women Entrepreneurship

La création d'entreprise au féminin en Europe 2011 - Eléments comparatifs

Servir de révélateur aux différentes dimensions de la création d'entreprises au féminin, tel est l'objectif de cette étude comparative qui intégrant une dimension de genre tente d'appréhender la question à échelle de l'Europe avec davantage de développements sur le contexte français particulièrement exemplaire. L'entreprenariat féminin est partout un réservoir de croissance insuffisamment exploité. Il s'agit alors de cerner les motivations des femmes qui créent ou reprennent une entreprise et leurs spécificités éventuelles, les particularités des modèles d'entreprises " au féminin 3 (taille, service, mode de développement). Et également les obstacles à cette dynamique. Dans quelle mesure sont ils particuliers ? Quelles mesures d'accompagnement spécifiques faut-il, dés lors, continuer à développer ?entreprenariat au féminin ; approche en Europe ; approche comparée

A NEW SPECIES OF CHILOMYCTERUS FROM NEW GUINEA.

abstract not availabl

ON A COLLECYTION OF FRESHWATER FISHES OF THE ISLAND OF BILLITON

Abstract not availabl

One share-One vote, le nouveau Saint Graal

More than one third of companies listed in the FTSE EUROFIRST 300 index are governed accordingly to principles differing from the One share – One vote standards. These exceptions could be illustrated by several practices such as Scandinavian multiple voting shares, non voting shares as seen in some State members as authorised by European Directives, French double voting shares, “golden shares” concerning recently privatized firms, or even preference shares as observed in Holland. Such variety can be explained by the fact that “control rights” and “cash-flow rights”, understood as essential to the company's activities, are distinctly considered in the shareholder practices. The question at stake is to know if the application of the One share – One vote as a European standard would be justified with regard to European Law, including its underlying principles, and to economic efficiency in general. Indeed, One share – One vote enthusiast affirm that this rule participates to corporate democracy and contributes to increases firms' performance. The aim of our study is to determine whether these principles are reached or not. As a preliminary remark, we can notice that the European Commission intervention is questionable. First, its competence, and therefore the legality of a potential action, is not obvious. Indeed, owing to the subsidiarity principle and the article 48.2: (“co-ordinating to the necessary extent the safeguards which, for the protection of the interests of members and others, are required by Member States of companies or firms, with a view to making such safeguards equivalent throughout the Community”.) and the European Parliament position concerning the Takeover Directive, the legitimacy of the European Commission in this case is undoubtedly compromised. Then, the application of One share - One vote, by the cancellation of certain rights attached to a share, would violate a democratic principle, founder of the European Union, and dedicated by Member States Constitutions, known as private property. It would have, as a result, an unjustified, not compensable and therefore, illegal expropriation. We also have to question ourselves concerning the concept of corporate democracy and its consequences on Europeans companies. Unquestionable at first glance, is the notion of democracy transposable it in corporate Law? Is it only referring to a strict equality between shareholders or rather intents to limit unequal situations and therefore, prevent dominant shareholders from unilaterally capturing the company's performance? The respect of principles such as equity, shareholders general interest and company's interest, combined with transparency rules and protection of minority shareholders leads us to favour the second supposition. Finally, we underline that the ultimate argument relating to efficiency as a result from the strict application of the One share – One vote rule, is tempered by economical studies and by the practice observed in several State members. The One share - One vote rule could definitely be necessary for market readability purposes. But, some exception to this rule might be justified with regard to the company's interest. Therefore, some flexibility principles should remain. A dogmatic approach focused on shareholders, or certain type of shareholders, would disadvantage the development of the internal market and could not be justifiable on a legal ground. We believe that promoting corporate democracy requests an enhancement of transparency with a better bordering of existing practices and a strengthening of minority shareholders (by improving an “upper standard” harmonization).Corporate Governance; One share-One vote; Shareholder Democracy

Anorectal malformations:A complex disease in need of a multidisciplinary approach

In children born with an anorectal malformation (ARM), the anus is wrongly placed outside the external sphincter complex. Different types of ARM exist, and in patients with ARM different associated anomalies can occur. Additional anomalies are described, among others, as part of the VACTERL-association (Vertebral, Anorectal, Cardiac, Trachea-Esophageal, Renal and Limb anomalies), but also anomalies of the spinal cord or gynecological anomalies are described. In the first part of this thesis, the types of ARM are introduced and it is described what additional anomalies might be associated with any type of ARM. In addition, the value of screening for the different types of anomalies is demonstrated throughout this part. The studies performed in Chapter 1-5 were retrospective cohort studies. In the second part, a complex type of ARM; rectal atresia (RA) is discussed in Chapter 6-8. Finally, Chapter 9-10 form the third part of this thesis describing problems later in life in patients with ARM in primary school or after transitioning to adulthood

Valse Des Officiers

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-ps/3474/thumbnail.jp