The contractile vacuole in Ca(2+)-regulation in Dictyostelium: its essential function for cAMP-induced Ca(2+)-influx

BACKGROUND: cAMP-induced Ca(2+)-influx in Dictyostelium is controlled by at least two non-mitochondrial Ca(2+)-stores: acidic stores and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The acidic stores may comprise the contractile vacuole network (CV), the endosomal compartment and acidocalcisomes. Here the role of CV in respect to function as a potential Ca(2+)-store was investigated. RESULTS: Dajumin-GFP labeled contractile vacuoles were purified 7-fold by anti-GFP-antibodies in a magnetic field. The purified CV were shown for the first time to accumulate and release Ca(2+). Release of Ca(2+ )was elicited by arachidonic acid or the calmodulin antagonist W7, the latter due to inhibition of the pump. The characteristics of Ca(2+)-transport and Ca(2+)-release of CV were compared to similarly purified vesicles of the ER labeled by calnexin-GFP. Since the CV proved to be a highly efficient Ca(2+)-compartment we wanted to know whether or not it takes part in cAMP-induced Ca(2+)-influx. We made use of the LvsA(-)-mutant expected to display reduced Ca(2+)-transport due to loss of calmodulin. We found a severe reduction of cAMP-induced Ca(2+)-influx into whole cells. CONCLUSION: The contractile vacuoles in Dictyostelium represent a highly efficient acidic Ca(2+)-store that is required for cAMP-induced Ca(2+)-influx

Correlation of tunneling spectra with surface nano-morphology and doping in thin YBa2Cu3O7-delta films

Tunneling spectra measured on thin epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7-delta films are found to exhibit strong spatial variations, showing U and V-shaped gaps as well as zero bias conductance peaks typical of a d-wave superconductor. A full correspondence is found between the tunneling spectra and the surface morphology down to a level of a unit-cell step. Splitting of the zero bias conductance peak is seen in optimally-doped and overdoped films, but not in the underdoped ones, suggesting that there is no transition to a state of broken time reversal symmetry in the underdoped regimeComment: accepted to ep